-
Add Bookmark | Recommend this book | Back to the book page | My bookshelf | Mobile Reading
Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in oicq.net -> Prose -> Stepping on the Countryside and Sighing the Flowing Water Chapter 129 The Sundial View for the Last Three Years
Previous page Return to Catalog Next page
- ?
New Year's Rumor: On the twenty-eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, cakes are made and steamed buns are decorated with decals. It means that this day is the day when every household steams steamed buns to prepare the staple food from the first day to the fifth day of the first lunar month.
In some areas in the north, people often refer to the two days before New Year's Eve as "Little New Year's Eve [1]". The reason is said to be the war between Mongolia and the Song Dynasty.
In the late Song Dynasty, the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty fought tenaciously with Mongolia for half a century.
There are three main routes for the Mongols to go south: the first is the eastern route, taking the Jianghuai Plain, to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and reaching the south of the Yangtze River; the second is the middle route, taking Nanyang, Xiangyang, and Jingzhou to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; To Sichuan, and then from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River down the river, encircling the south of the Yangtze River.
No matter which route you take, you have to pass through the three provinces of Hebei, Shandong and Henan.
Mongolia is a nomadic people. They have a bad habit, that is, like locusts, they will eat up all the land they pass.
Before attacking the Southern Song Dynasty, some traitors told the Mongols: The twenty-eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is the day when the married daughter returns home. On this day, daughters bring their sons-in-law and grandsons; aunts bring uncles and old cousins;
Why on this day?
Because, the 29th is the day to go to the grave to invite the ancestors to go home for the New Year. All the men doing business abroad also have to go back home before the 28th, and have a reunion dinner with their brothers and sisters who got married and started a business, which is called "the year of reunion".
The Mongols took advantage of the reunion of the Han people and increased their troops to the south of the Yangtze River. When they crossed the border, they plundered wantonly, and often gained a lot.
In order to avoid being robbed, the people of Hebei, Shandong and Henan cut large pieces of pork [Tuo Tuo Rou] and cooked them in advance on the 26th, stewed the "whole chicken" on the 27th, and began to worship the gods in the early morning of the 28th. and offering sacrifices, and then the whole family fled for refuge. On the first day of the first lunar month, I went back to my hometown to pay New Year's greetings, on the second day of the second day, I visited relatives and friends, on the third day of the third day, I worshiped the ancestors, and on the fourth day, I went back to my mother's house
Now that the country is stable, there is no need to go abroad to "avoid the new year", but the ceremony of visiting the ancestors at the grave is more grand. On this day, every household holds a banquet. In most areas, ancestors are invited in the early morning of the day, and incense is burned outdoors, which is called "Tianxiang".
[1] "The Twenty-eighth Day of the Twelfth Moon" by Feng Shixing. Poem
Early in the morning, Ji Xu took Mu Yu and Youcai back from exercising, and went outside the kitchen to wait for breakfast.
Looking at the curling smoke from the kitchen, Ji Xu couldn't help but compose a poem:
The sundial scene lasts three days, and the sorrow lasts for a year;
The wine invades the new year and ripens, and the flowers wait for the old branches.
? Neighbors have a lot of bequests, and there are smoke in the kitchen;
The wind and snow in the furnace are smooth, and the desire for spring comes first.
Hearing Ji Xu reciting poems, Qing Wan quietly walked out of the kitchen, and said with a smile: "It seems that Mr. Ji is also a capricious person!"
Ji Xu asked: "Am I capricious?"
"Yeah!" Qing Wan said, "A few days ago, you told me that there are long-boned flowers here, and there are flowers blooming there, and why this year's spring is earlier than in previous years; but today you changed your mind, what did you say, this year's spring is too much?" Humility, unwilling to compete with the wind and snow, leaving winter in the world"
"Sister, don't you think it's colder than usual this morning?"
"It just rained yesterday, when the sun comes out, it will be warm" Qing Wan called Ji Xu aside and said, "Young Master Ji, the weather is so good today, why don't you send Mu Yu to my mother's house? "
"Okay!" Ji Xu said, "However, it's the Chinese New Year, why is Qingyun going home?"
"Look at what you're asking, isn't it just for the New Year when you go home!" Qing Wan charmingly said to him, "That's his home, and this is my home. Besides, tomorrow isn't 'twelfth lunar month twenty-ninth, please go to the grave Ancestral big offering'"
"Isn't Qingyun's elder brother Yu Mufan at home, can't he go and invite his ancestors?"
"Is he a legitimate son?"
"Didn't Aunt Zhen straighten herself up?"
"When did you get it right? Why didn't I know? You helped me?"
"I, I, I"
"As long as I live, she won't even think about it!"
"You say you have a temper, why do you get so angry when Aunt Zhen is mentioned? This is out of everyone's style!"
"What kind of demeanor is there for such a crazy woman. You know, she deafened Aunt Xue's ears."
"Hit Aunt Xue, why?"
"She asked Aunt Xue to serve her like my mother. Heh, what is she? Aunt Xue is my mother's dowry maid. Besides, she is now an aunt just like her, not a maid You said she beat Aunt Xue hard, at leastA nation born of marriage. After the Zhou people established the Zhou Dynasty, they called the ethnic groups scattered in the surrounding area "Dongyi", "Beidi", "Xirong" and "Nanman", collectively referred to as "Siyi". The ethnic relationship between Huayi and Barbarians was formed.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, as countries waged long-term wars for hegemony, a large-scale fusion of the "Siyi" and Huaxia occurred. The Qin State continued to fight against the Xirong and annexed a large number of Rong countries; the Jin State continued to attack Beidi; the Qi State annexed Lai and other Eastern Yi countries. This phenomenon of annexation allowed the "Siyi" to integrate into the Chinese civilization. In the south, Chu State, Wu State, and Yue State absorbed a large amount of Chinese culture and continuously integrated into the Chinese system.
During the Warring States period, the centralized power system of various countries was established, and the speed of external expansion of countries accelerated. Qin State annexed Bashu, Chu State unified the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Yan State unified Liaoxi and Liaodong, Zhao State annexed Zhongshan State, and conquered Loufan and Linhu. This expansion basically established the later Huaxia civilization circle, and also laid the foundation for the unification of Qin.
In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty unified the six kingdoms. The Qin Dynasty then conquered the Baiyue area. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he conquered South Vietnam, East Vietnam, and Southwest Yi, and occupied the Hexi Corridor. At this time, the Baiyue and Qiang nationalities further merged with the Huaxia people. So a new nation was born, that is, the Han nationality. However, it should be noted that the integration of Baiyue, Southwestern Yi, and Western Qiang into the Han nationality is a long-term process.
? The second integration: Wuhu enters China
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, nomads such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Qiang, and Di in the north began to enter the Central Plains on a large scale, and began to form the second large-scale ethnic integration. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, these ethnic minorities launched the "Yongjia Rebellion", which led to the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty.
After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, two important national integration trends emerged. One is the southward migration of the Jin family and the southward migration of clothes. A large number of Han people migrated to the southeast, which accelerated the integration with the Baiyue people. Second, the northern nomads moved into the northern region. They continued to absorb the cultural customs of the Han nationality and began to Sinicize.
During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were wars in the "Sixteen Kingdoms" in the north, but many ethnic groups were learning the culture of the Han nationality. For example, the former Qin Dynasty established the idea of ????ruling the country with Confucianism. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people unified sixteen countries and established the "Northern Wei Dynasty". The Queen Mother Hu and Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty vigorously promoted a comprehensive Sinicization policy, which gradually integrated the Xianbei people and other ethnic groups that entered the Central Plains into the Han nationality. After the Northern Wei Dynasty, the ethnic minorities who entered the Central Plains were basically sinicized.
The national integration of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties brought fresh blood to the Han nationality and created conditions for a larger-scale unification. In 589 BC, the Sui Dynasty unified the Chen Dynasty and finally completed the unification of the north and the south. The later Tang Dynasty became stronger, and the royal family of the Tang Dynasty had the blood of the Xianbei people.
?The third integration: the formation of the Chinese nation
After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the sphere of influence of the Han nationality was basically limited to the south of the Great Wall. However, the ethnic groups in the Northeast became stronger again. The Khitan established the Liao Kingdom in the northeast. The Liao State implemented the system of the Northern and Southern Courts, using the Han to rule the Han and the barbarians to rule the barbarians, which achieved great results. The Liao Kingdom also continued to absorb Han culture, and eventually the Khitan people gradually became Sinicized. After the fall of the Liao Kingdom, the Western Liao Kingdom promoted Han culture in the Western Regions. Later, Central Asia and Russia called China "Khitan", which means it was influenced by the Liao Kingdom.
After the Kingdom of Jin destroyed the Liao Kingdom and the Northern Song Dynasty, it occupied the Central Plains, and a large number of Jurchens migrated to the interior. After decades and hundreds of years of integration, by the time Mongolia destroyed the gold, there was no difference between the Han nationality and the Jurchen nationality in the Central Plains, and they were collectively referred to as "Han people".
In the 13th century, the Mongols rose up and successively destroyed Xiliao, Xixia, Jin, Tubo, Dali, and Southern Song Dynasty, completed the unification of East Asia, and established the unprecedentedly vast Yuan Dynasty. Mongolia was also learning the culture of the Central Plains when it entered the Central Plains, but its own degree of Sinicization was very insufficient and eventually failed. However, the elimination of the separatist regime in the Southern Song Dynasty by the Yuan Dynasty also created conditions for national unity. During this period, the cultures of the Western Regions, Central Asia and other places began to merge with the cultures of the north and the south, and the prosperity of Yuan opera appeared.
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, a strict policy of distinguishing between Hua and Barbarians was implemented, resulting in little achievement in terms of territory. However, the Ming Dynasty achieved unprecedented success in the southwest region. Zhu Yuanzhang vigorously promoted the policy of emigrating and stationing troops in the southwest region, which accelerated the reform of the southwest region and made the Yunnan-Guizhou region gradually incorporated into the Han culture area in the mainland.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was abolished and the "Hua-Yi Distinction" was implemented, and the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic groups were considered to be Chinese nationalities. The Qing Dynasty used China as the country's name in diplomacy for the first time, which laid the legal basis for China. The Qing Dynasty expanded its borders and basically unified the East Asian continent, laying the foundation for the territory of modern China. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the Manchus actively learned the culture of the Han nationality. By the late Qing Dynasty, the Manchus were not much different from the Han nationality. Ever since, Liang Qichao in the late Qing Dynasty put forward the concept of the Chinese nation, and revolutionaries such as Sun Yat-sen put forward the idea of ??"a republic of five ethnic groups". (Remember the site URL: www.hlnovel.com - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
- Previous pageCatalogNext page