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    In addition to Pan Wei, Song Qin, and Cai Yuncheng, the last scholar who went to sea with the group was Li Sixiao.

    When Song Qin was summarizing scientific research methods, Li Sixiao entered the room with "Principles of Philosophy" and said excitedly: "Brother Yang, the book you recommended is really well written, Descartes is really a great European Confucian  !"

    Song Qin said with a smile: "I can't talk about a great Confucian. He is not a Confucian, but he is indeed a European sage."

    "Otherwise," Li Sixiao shook his head and said, "this Descartes is indeed a great Confucian, even though he has never read Confucian classics. The truth that this person comprehends, I will translate it as 'mind-matter theory' (mind-matter dualism), which coincides with Yang Minggong's  Great way of learning!"

    "ah?"

    Song Qin was dumbfounded when he heard that.

    Li Sixiao analyzed: "Descartes doubted everything. He believed in God, but he said he was not sure whether God existed. Because only doubt is real, and it is doubtful to be sure. Doubt proves that people are thinking, and thinking is human.  Proof of existence, so "I think, therefore I am". He was convinced of his own existence, and then he tried to prove the existence of God and the world. Thinking is the heart and conscience. I think, therefore I am, is there nothing outside the heart?  "

    Song Qin muttered, "Isn't this explanation too far-fetched?"

    "It's not farfetched!"

    Li Sixiao began to eloquently: "Li Sixiao of Yangminggong said: "Qi and reason are inseparable.  To be unreasonable is to be unintentional, to be unable to think, and to be unable to understand the rules of everything in the world.  Without Qi, neither people nor things exist.  Qi and reason, Descartes believed, it is reason that exists first.  Since gods existed first, everything and human beings can only exist when there are gods.  "

    "Is it true that Descartes' God can be understood as Zhu Zi's Wuji or Taiji. The heart is the principle. Qi is the world. We have a heart, a conscience, and can think and study the world. Those who are born to know are sages, and we  If you are not a saint, you need to study things to gain knowledge. To study the world and study knowledge is to develop conscience and explore everything in the universe. Knowing has obstacles, so you have to doubt, so you have to put aside your prejudices."

    "The existence of intellectual barriers and ignorant minds requires what you call epistemology and methodology."

    Song Qin didn't know much about psychology, and even only superficially knew about Neo Confucianism. He was not interested in traditional things, and he was all focused on scientific research.

    However, it is indeed possible to put on a layer of skin.

    Li Sixiao continued: "There is actually no essential difference between the worldviews of Neo-Confucianism and Psychology. We don't need to overthrow it, but can use it."

    "Therefore, there is a worldview for doing research. First there is Wuji or Taiji, which is the god that Descartes said. Taiji is divided into two forms, gestating

    In a word, the two want to borrow the cover of Confucianism and use the old bottle of Confucianism to hold the new wine of science.

    This kind of thing is perfectly normal, especially at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Chinese ideological circle was full of demons, and there were a lot of different thoughts.  Even Neo Confucianism and Psychology, which are incompatible with water and fire, have been improved and put together to form various new schools.

    Among countless new ideas, Li Sixiao's theory does not seem too outrageous, because there are many people who are even more outrageous.

    Today is not the time when traditional Neo-Confucianism is monopolizing the academic world. It is the best time for the birth of new ideas, and it is also the best time for the formation of natural science theories.

    Their core point of view is that what Confucius said may not be right, that is, the spirit of scientific skepticism.  This kind of thinking is also out of the ordinary. In the late Ming Dynasty, there were not a few people who were not Confucians, and many Confucian scholars wanted to break out of the cage of Confucianism and Mencius.  It's just that it was interrupted by the Qing Dynasty in history.  In order to establish legitimacy, the Manchu Qing erected Confucius, and all active and advanced thoughts died under the power.

    "Cheng Zhu has Neo Confucianism, Lu Wang has Xinxue, what should we call this?" Song Qin asked.

    Li Sixiao smiled and said: "When we study the world, the world view is generally consistent with Neo-Confucianism. The key lies in investigating things, and investigating things emphasizes doubts, and investigating the truth of things in doubt. It is called 'Gewu Xueska's research manuscript.

    If you follow the historical trajectory, next year, such a scientific genius will turn to theological research in an all-round way.

    Starting from skepticism, this gentleman came to a religious conclusion: perceptual and rational knowledge are unreliable, so faith is above all else!

    Later, when he was studying theology, he took time off to recuperate due to illness, and when he was in a panic, he also did some scientific research.  For example, he communicated with the mathematician Fermat and laid the foundation of modern probability together.

    His name is Pascal, and the unit of pressure is referred to as "Pa".

    "Can I go to China? When I corresponded with Mr. Descartes, he said that China's mathematics research is very advanced." Pascal asked.

    The official said with disgust: "We only recruit scholars from the Academy, or students of scholars. You are just a peripheral member of the Academy.What are the qualifications to go to China?  "

    Pascal said: "The emperor of China is a mathematician. Mr. Descartes, he once corresponded with the priests of the Jesuits. His Majesty the Chinese emperor, like Mr. Descartes, invented analytic geometry very early. If the envoys  There are mathematicians here, and I think we can have a common language with the Chinese emperor."

    When the official heard it, it seemed reasonable, and Pascal was also very famous.  So no longer refused, just said: "I'm going to ask the Prime Minister for instructions."

    Pascal
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