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Text 763¡¾Science¡¿

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    ,

    Gifts from Portugal and France are stored in warehouses in the harbor.

    When the Chinese envoys return to the voyage, they will not only take away those gifts, but also bring the envoys of the two countries with them.  Among them, animals are the most troublesome. The horse breeds sent by France and the sheep breeds sent by Portugal have to be raised by special personnel for a period of time, so they will definitely not be able to travel around with the ship.

    Both horses and sheep were purchased on the initiative of the Chinese mission.  Upon hearing that the quantity was not very large, the royal families of both countries were too lazy to collect money, and even sent officials to carefully select them.

    Come to Grace Port again, across the strait is the United Kingdom.

    Not long after the voyage, Song Qin took a French booklet and found Zhang Ruifeng in the cabin: "Ambassador Zhang, I found a good book below. I was not familiar with French before, so I have been relaying it through the translator. The contents of this book  , is quite difficult, and the French translator can¡¯t understand it. Up to now, I probably understand a lot. When I return to Nanjing, this book must be presented to His Majesty! It is best to organize missionaries who can understand French.  Seriously translate this book into Chinese."

    "What book?" Zhang Ruifeng asked.

    Song Qin replied: "The title of the book is very long, and I don't know if the translation is correct. It is called "Methodology for Correct Thinking and Discovering the Truth". The author is a famous French scholar Descartes. Like His Majesty, he actually created analytic geometry. His mathematical theory  , is highly respected in France. However, his philosophical thoughts have been besieged by French scholars."

    There were four scholars from the two academies who went to sea with the boat, and Song Qin was from Qintian Academy.

    He didn't speak much along the way, he only observed and recorded the geographical situation, and spent the rest of the time studying Latin.  When I arrived in France, I didn¡¯t go to the banquet, but stayed in the Louvre to study French, and occasionally went to bookstores with an interpreter.

    Descartes' "Discourse on Method" only has a French version at this time, and there is no Latin version yet.  Although it has been published for more than ten years and the mathematical methods in the book are quite sought after, his philosophical works have been dismissed as worthless.

    The ship staggered towards England, Zhang Ruifeng happened to be idle and had nothing to do, so he asked, "What is written in the book?"

    Song Qin said: "It covers everything, including mathematics, physics, etc. The real precious thing is to explain how to do academic research. Your Majesty will be delighted to get this book."

    Zhang Ruifeng couldn't understand: "Be more specific."

    Song Qin said: "For example, the research of optics, Descartes, and the pedantry of Qintianyuan are consistent in many places. The rare thing is to use the principles of optics to explain how the eyes see things. We all know that when the eyes are dug out,  It is a sphere. According to Descartes, the eye is a convex lens Does Ambassador Zhang know about convex lenses?"

    "Ahem," Zhang Ruifeng coughed twice, then smiled, "Go on."

    Song Qin said: "The telescopes used by the generals are convex lenses. In Descartes' view, each of our eyes is a telescope. As for the myopia of scholars, it is because of problems with the convex lens that the optical focus is out of focus.  Variety."

    "So that's how it is," Zhang Ruifeng didn't understand, but kept smiling, "Go on."

    Song Qin said: "Descartes' mechanical cosmology also coincides with some scholars of Qintian Academy. Descartes is even more extreme, thinking that except for thoughts, the entire universe is mechanically moving, and everything can be controlled by mechanics."  Elaboration. All animals, including humans, are also governed by complex laws of mechanics. Even more valuable, is the epistemology and methodology of academic research proposed by Descartes."

    Without waiting for Zhang Ruifeng to speak, Song Qin talked eloquently: "There are three theories of epistemology: first, philosophy is the foundation of all natural sciences, which requires truth and reliability.  Basic cognition. Third, the reason for the wrong or unreliable foundation is that the method of establishing the foundation is incorrect, or even there is no method, so there must be methodology. Does Ambassador Zhang know how important these are to Qintianyuan?"

    "How important is it?" Zhang Ruifeng asked.

    Song Qin said: "It's just like "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" is to Song and Ming Neo Confucianism."

    Zhang Ruifeng was dumbfounded, he knew that the emperor attached great importance to Qintianyuan.  But today, the natural sciences of Qintian Academy have not yet been established, nor have they formed a strict system.  If it is true what Song Qin said, then take this "Methodology" back, and the knowledge of Qintianyuan will be able to establish a school.

    The more Song Qin talked, the more excited he became. Descartes' methodological content gave him a feeling of enlightenment.

    Descartes' four principles of methodology:

    First, put aside all prejudices and establish rational authority.  All knowledge is tested by reason, and the test is clear and beyond doubt.

    Second, split the research object into as small parts as possible until the problem can be solved satisfactorily.

    Third, to study science, there must be secondaryTransform Tai Chi, Tai Chi divides Yin and Yang, and Yin and Yang Qi evolves all things.  Only with this big framework can we continue to study.

    The Qintian Academy established under Zhao Han's order also had this situation.  Scientists doubted the "Qi Li Theory" and couldn't come up with any new cosmology, so they argued about the birth and composition of the universe while doing specific research.

    Descartes inspired Song Qin, why did he have to confirm these when he came?

    It is true that there can be a worldview, the universe is material, and that is enough.  Since the universe is material, it can be slowly explored and studied.  How to study it?  The epistemology and methodology can be determined, and they can be continuously improved and supplemented from generation to generation.

    After writing a bunch of words and sentences, Song Qin wrote three key words: world outlook, epistemology, and methodology.

    Only by confirming these three things, the development of Chinese science can be truly systematized and theoreticalized, rather than trying to be lucky.

    Based on Song Qin's understanding alone, this mission to Europe is already worthwhile.
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