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The Iron-Blooded Republic Volume 2: The Art of Power Chapter 910: It turns out that collectivization can be done

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    Of course democracy is bad!  However, Comrade Mao Zd also went through a process of gradually understanding this. For example, during the Anti-Japanese War in another time and space, Mao Zd and the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries in China did not realize the various fatal flaws in the democratic system.  , therefore enthusiastically supported the propaganda of democracy, opposed the dictatorship of the Kuomintang, and opposed the dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek.  And now it is only 1936, which is earlier than the Anti-Japanese War in history. Naturally, Mao Zd and most of the leaders of China have not recognized the true face of so-called democracy and freedom.  Moreover, the failure of the Soviet countries led by the Soviet Union, India, and Japan, as well as the success of China, a democratic country governed by the gcd, also gave them the understanding that the gcds of the Soviet Union, India, and Japan died because of dictatorship, while the gcds of China died  Success because of democracy.

    Therefore, as soon as Mao Zd put forward his proposal to implement democratic management in Chinese-style Moshav, he won the approval of most of the comrades present at the meeting, but Chang Ruiqing still had some hesitation.

    He was silent for a moment, shook his head slightly and said: "President, the situation here is still different from that in Israel. The sources of Israeli farmers are mainly Jews from the original territories of Poland and the Soviet Union. These Jews are not only of high quality but also have little  The gap between the rich and the poor is so great that almost all of them went to the Middle East empty-handed. There are no landlords or rich peasants. In addition, there are no complicated clan relationships among them. There are no representatives of feudal clan power such as old patriarchs and patriarchs. But here we are  It is still a semi-feudal and semi-capitalist country. If a Moshav-style community agricultural complex integrating political power and economy is implemented, will the Chinese-style Moshav be controlled by landlords and patriarchs, and eventually become a tool for exploiting farmers?  ?¡±

    Mao Zd smiled and waved his hand: "Prime Minister, you underestimate our Chinese farmers too much." He lit a cigarette and took a puff: "Our farmers are not only hardworking but also smart enough. Especially the new generation.  Peasants are all literate and understand their rights. In the past, the main problem with the local tyrants and evil gentry controlling the countryside was that the political power was controlled by officials and gentry. The tyrants who could really run rampant in the countryside had the government as their backer.  . Moreover, the officials of all dynasties did not go to the countryside. In fact, those who ruled the villagers were Baochang Rizheng and his like. Most of them were squires with bad conduct. In the so-called peaceful and prosperous times, they took advantage of the opportunity of collecting taxes and apportionment to exploit the villagers.  , when the world is in chaos, they will support the regiment and the people to dominate. The reason why these people can do evil and cause disasters is not the so-called clan power and land, but the collusion with the government or the guns in their hands.

    In the current Federation of Greater China, our political power is established at the township level, and we also distinguish between affairs officers and political affairs officers.  The mayors of townships and towns are political officials who need to be elected by the people in their areas.  The county government has no power to appoint or remove officials.  Therefore, petty officials at the township level cannot rely on county officials to gain power. They must rely on votes. Therefore, they all make decisions for the people. The finance ministers of various provinces and counties know this very well.  "

    Chang Ruiqing nodded, picked up the tea cup on the table and took a sip.  Although he did not know much about the current rural problems, he also knew about the difficulties in collecting land tax and permanent interest.  Since China began to implement democratic constitutionalism in 1925, government officials and parliamentarians at all levels have to rely on ballot boxes to make a living. From this point on, whether the collection quota of Tian Fu Yongxi can be achieved begins.  It is no longer the standard for those grassroots township chiefs to be able to wear their official hats - because they are all elected by rural voters, they cannot collect even a penny of land tax, and the higher-level government has no power to fire their officials.  .  But if he offends voters by being too strict in forcing Tian Fu to live forever, then his political future in this life will be over.

    So from 1925 to present.  The land tax in various places has never been fully collected, and even if it can be collected a little, it is only enough to maintain the township-level government and the operation of rural primary schools. The county and provincial-level finances rely entirely on business tax, stamp duty, and personal income tax.  , real estate tax and other small taxes related to commercial activities are maintained. Except for a few big cities, most local governments are living a bit tight.  As for the current federal taxes, they are mainly supported by several major taxes related to industry and commerce, such as unified tax (value-added tax), customs duties, resource tax, interest tax, corporate income tax, consumption tax (tobacco, alcohol and luxury goods), so they are not counted on hand yet.  Too tight.

    However, it is increasingly difficult to collect land tax, which also reflects the phenomenon of "bullying the superiors and flattering the subordinates" that is common among grassroots political officials.  Of course, the landowners and rich peasants who also owned relatively large amounts of land were the ones who benefited the most from the "facilitating" behavior when it was difficult to collect land taxes in full. Most of the elected township administrative officials were also from the wealthy class.  Therefore, it can also be concluded that while the democratic system of the Federation of Greater China has brought some benefits to ordinary farmers, it has not really touched the interests of the rural landlord class. Those who have been damaged in this new political game relationship are  In fact, it is the government's own finances If China had not got rid of its semi-colonial status around 1920 and began to embark on the fast track of rapid development of capitalist economy, the focus of finance could beIf you shift from land tax to industrial and commercial taxation, if you want to implement the current democratic system, your finances will definitely collapse!

    "Prime Minister, I think this Moshav model can be tried. We can pilot it in northern Xinjiang and the Far East first." Zhou Elai looked at Chang Ruiqing solemnly at this time. He had led the Northwest and Far East for many years.  I work in the Far East and know the rural conditions there very well.  "The per capita cultivated land area in rural areas of northern Xinjiang is about thirty to forty acres. The land is typically vast and sparsely populated, and the gap between rich and poor is very small. The residents come from all over the world, and there are no intertwined clan forces. The situation is very similar to that of the country of Israel. As for the Far East  The situation is similar, except that the per capita cultivated land area in rural areas is smaller, only about 11 or 2 acres, but it is far more than that in the mainland. In the past two years, a large number of Far Eastern He people have moved to cities. Their land is either sublet or abandoned. If they can  Allowing the transfer in advance should soon further increase the per capita cultivated land area of ??farmers in the Far East Republic, thereby meeting the standards for forming moshav farms."

    "The Moshav model can be promoted in northern Xinjiang and the Far East. It can be piloted first, and then promoted throughout the federation after gaining experience." Chang Ruiqing gently turned the teacup in his hand, thought for a moment, and added: "In addition,  The Moshav model can also be promoted in the upcoming four provinces of Japan and Java."

    Having said this, Chang Ruiqing paused and said: "Moshav is a foreign name. Our place can be called an agricultural cooperative. The basic unit participating in an agricultural cooperative should be a family farm. The family farms belonging to each agricultural cooperative should be adjacent to each other."  To facilitate management. The per capita cultivated land area of ??each family farm should be higher than 20 acres. In principle, there is no upper limit. Large landowners can also be allowed to join. However, the agricultural cooperative will also be the most basic level of government, and the highest management power of the cooperative belongs to  Members' meeting. The members' meeting will be responsible for electing a cooperative management committee, which will handle matters such as farming, education, culture, health, and the recruitment of new members. All cooperative members have the right to participate in members' meetings and committee elections, and members serve on the representative meetings and committees.  It's all about freedom.

    In addition, the cooperative committee must have at least two dedicated management members, one of whom manages external affairs and deals with government agencies, banks and sales departments; the other manages internal affairs and handles the daily work of the cooperative.

    Since it also has the function of grassroots political power, agricultural cooperatives must also bear certain social responsibilities. They need to be responsible for the construction and management of primary schools and health clinics, as well as the construction of some public facilities. In principle, the required funds are shared by all members.

    However, the cooperative is not a simple grassroots political power, but has dual attributes. On the one hand, it is a joint organization of farmer members, and on the other hand, it is an independent economic organization.  Its characteristics depend on the requirements of the farmers in the community. The relationship with the members is that the cooperative organization serves as the representatives of the members in the market and maintains the economic interests of the members by conducting profit-oriented transactions with interest groups or individuals outside the organization.  .  From the perspective of profit creation, it is no different from an enterprise. The difference lies in the distribution of profits. It must distribute market income among its members.  In other words, cooperative organizations are non-profit for internal members (members), and aim to maximize profits externally.  "

    Chang Ruiqing looked around the people in the conference room and smiled: "Comrades, do you think these big principles are feasible? Is there anything else that needs to be added?"

    Mao Zd's goal had been achieved. He smiled with satisfaction and said nothing more.  When Chen Duxiu was listening to the speeches of Chang Ruiqing and Mao Zd, he kept recording key points in his notebook. Now he took the question and said: "Prime Minister, your and the president's ideas are very good, and it is possible to implement them. But now  I have a question: How much funding and preferential policies is the federal government prepared to devote to promoting agricultural cooperatives? Our farmers are the most practical. If there are no visible and tangible benefits, they may not be interested in this agricultural cooperative.  Interested."

    "Of course we need to provide some support policies." Chang Ruiqing frowned and thought for a moment, then said slowly: "First, the Federation of Fisheries and Farmers will provide low-interest loans to agricultural cooperatives and farmers who are willing to join agricultural cooperatives; secondly, exemption from  The accumulated arrears of farmers who are willing to join cooperatives over the years; thirdly, agricultural cooperatives, as independent economic entities, enjoy tax incentives and are exempt from paying land taxes; finally, the Fisheries and Farmers Federation should also open stores at the location of every agricultural cooperative to sell low-priced agricultural products to members  daily necessities.¡±
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