Nanjing, Chang Ruiqing's Tangshan official residence.
"The international gc movement has developed to a critical period. The movement is reaching a crossroads. The failures of the Soviet Union, Japan, and India do not mean that the gc path is wrong. It only shows that the Soviet model of gc path is not feasible! And We should not only see the failures of the Soviet Union, Japan, and India, but also see the successful examples that emerged in the international gc movement, namely the kibbutzim and moshav in the State of Israel."
The speaker was Mao Zd, President of the Federation of Greater China. After hearing about the two agricultural collectivization models in Israel in the United States, Mao Zd asked the embassy in the United States to collect a large amount of information about Moshavs and Kibbutz. After returning home, He also asked the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to instruct the Chinese Embassy in Israel (Baghdad) to collect relevant information and send it back to the country by telegram for his research. The results of the research are of course very exciting. He said with great confidence: "After comparing Israel's Moshavs and Kibbutz with the Soviet collective farms, I am confident that I have discovered the way to realize gcism in the countryside!"
He stood up and waved his hand: "This path is democracy! It is to make the collective farm members truly the masters of their own country! Before the Soviet Red Army occupied Palestine, the Jews had established hundreds of very successful foundations in the Palestinian desert. kibbutzim and moshavs, and after Israel re-established its state in Iraq and Kuwait, many more kibbutzim and moshavs have been established with the help of the Israeli government! After my research, I discovered that kibbutzim The system implemented by the farm is more advanced than that of the collective farms in the Soviet Union. It has reached the point where everyone does what he can and everyone takes what he needs! There is no need for money inside the kibbutz farm. All its property and means of production are owned by the whole. Shared by members. Members are completely equal. Everyone works and lives together. The kibbutz's housing, cars, schools, books, etc. belong to everyone in the kibbutz. How to distribute the annual profits is also discussed by everyone. .Daily expenses for members, including meals, clothing, medical treatment, and education, are all free of charge and distributed uniformly by the collective!
The system implemented by the Moshav collective farms is slightly backward. It recognizes private rights to use land. The current land system implemented by Moshavs in the State of Israel is that Moshavs lease land from the state for a term of 49 years, which will automatically be renewed upon expiration. Moshav divides land with similar area and soil quality and rents it to each member. Members join voluntarily but must pay stock fees. in addition. Production on Moshav farms is also carried out as a family unit, but members must help each other and obey collective interests. The agricultural products produced by each family are also sold uniformly by Moshav collective farms, and Moshav is also responsible for providing farmers with modern agricultural technology and production equipment. The management body of Moshav Farm is also elected by all members, and all members are equal.
On the other hand, looking at the collective farms in the Soviet Union, from a formal point of view. It is also very advanced, somewhere between the Kibbutz and the Moshav in Israel. In fact, the collective farms in Israel and the collective farms in the Soviet Union are related from a certain perspective. They were both established by Russian socialists - the kibbutz in Israel originated from the Jews who immigrated to Palestine from Russia and believed in socialism. . Most of them were old acquaintances with Lenin and Trotsky, so they came up with these two very similar collective farms. But the agricultural collectivization in the Soviet Union was a huge failure! And the reason for this, after comparing the collective farms in Israel, it is not difficult to find that the problem is that the collective farms in the Soviet Union lacked democracy!
first. The collective farms in the Soviet Union used the power of the government to force farmers to join, and there was no freedom of entry and exit. Secondly, although the management of the Soviet collective farms was nominally elected by the farm members, in fact it was appointed by the superiors and was only responsible to the superiors and had no regard for the life and death of the farm members. Third, Israel¡¯s Moshavs and Kibbutz still implement a market economy in their external operations, not a planned economy with unified purchasing and marketing, so they are not exploited by the state through unified purchasing and marketing¡ªwe all know that. The pricing of agricultural products in the Soviet Union was extremely unreasonable and was not enough to compensate for production costs. Moreover, there were not enough light industrial products to exchange for agricultural products. In fact, the state used useless paper to deprive farmers of the fruits of their labor for free!
I believe that the Soviet model of agricultural collectivization is not gcism at all. It is not socialism, but feudalism, which exploits farmers as serfs! Therefore, the Soviet Union was not a true gcist country, but a feudal or even slave country. Its collapse did not represent the failure of gcism, but rather the victory of gcism theory!
Therefore, our Chinese gcd should not only stop pursuing the path to realize gcism, but should completely break away from the wrong thinking of the Soviet model and embark on a true path to gcism. The true road to gcism should first be democratic! Just like Moshav and Kibbutz in Israel, there is no gcd leadership there, and there is no so-called great leader like Trotsky, but who dares to say that Moshav?Is the kibbutz further away from gcism than the collective farms in the Soviet Union? "
Having said this, Mao Zd smiled and looked at Chang Ruiqing, who was sitting in the middle of the conference table, and asked: "Prime Minister, do you think it is possible for Israel's Moshavs and Kibbutz to be realized in the Federation of Greater China? This kind of Is the agricultural collectivization model one of the ways out for China¡¯s agriculture in the future?¡±
In the conference room, members of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and some party members and legislators all set their sights on Premier Chang Da. Chang Ruiqing also showed a smile and nodded. Of course Chang Ruiqing knew some of the weird things created by the two Israelis, Moshav and Kibbutz. In particular, Moshav was the most popular in Israel until the 21st century. The agricultural community model has brought substantial income and a higher standard of living to Israeli farmers. Moreover, modern water-saving agriculture was developed in the desert, which can be said to be an extremely successful path to agricultural collectivization.
"The president is right, but" Chang Ruiqing changed the subject: "The success of Israel's Moshavs and Kibbutz does not necessarily mean that these two models are applicable to China. After all, Israeli farmers Most of them come from Europe, which has relatively developed education and economy, and the Jewish nation's national quality is also very high, which cannot be compared with our farmers."
Mao Zd frowned and wanted to refute. But Chang Ruiqing got ahead of him and continued: "Of course, this does not mean that I do not support the implementation of the Moshav system in China The kibbutz system, which is close to gcism, is too advanced, but with cooperative The Moshav system, which mainly focuses on agriculture, should still be implemented in China." He turned to look at Chen Duxiu: "Mr. Zhongfu, you are the Minister of Agriculture and the President of the Federation of Fisheries and Farmers, please tell me, is it possible to put the fisheries industry into practice? Has the Farmers' Federation developed into 'Hamaschbier Hamelkaz' (a central wholesale organization)?"
"Prime Minister, our Fisheries and Farmers' Federation is just a 'Hamaschbier Hamelkaz'." Chen Duxiu said while smoking a cigarette: "It's just that what our Fisheries and Farmers' Federation is not facing is Moshav and Kibbutz. Now, it¡¯s about ordinary small farmers. In fact, we have always wanted to implement joint-stock farms similar to Moshav, but the effect has not been obvious. The main problem is the shortage of land in the eastern region, and the lack of transportation in the western region, so it is difficult to sell the food grown. Advanced agricultural machinery can¡¯t get out, so there are no conditions for developing Moshav.¡±
In fact, another important factor in the success of Moshav farms in Israel is the concentration of land. On average, each Moshav farm has 500 hectares of land and 450 members, and the per capita land occupation reaches 16 to 17 acres. According to this standard, excluding the land in Central Asia and Siberia, the entire Greater China Federation only needs less than 150 million farmers at most.
Hearing these words, Mao Zd laughed and said: "Now we have obtained so much land in Central Asia and Siberia, and at the same time we must promote urbanization and let most farmers move into cities, so that land is not a problem. Prime Minister, what do you think?"
Chang Ruiqing also smiled: "Of course land is not a problem, but if we really want to introduce Moshav into China, we have to solve two other problems. First, the land in the eastern part of our country is privately owned, and this cannot be changed. It cannot be changed, otherwise we will not be able to bear this turmoil; secondly, how should our Chinese-style Moshav manage it? The Moshav in Israel is not a purely economic organization, but includes the function of community autonomy. It is an economic and political integrated organization, which is similar to the collective farms of the Soviet Union, but the Moshav in Israel implements a democratic system, and is such a system feasible in our country?"
"No, no," Mao Zd waved his hand: "These two issues are actually not difficult. Although the land in the Israeli Moshav is state-owned, the right to use it belongs to individuals, and there is no need to pay any taxes to the state. In fact, It is the same as private ownership. Therefore, our private ownership of land is not an obstacle to the implementation of the Moshav system. Of course, there are still some troubles in the specific operation, such as how to concentrate the land evenly into the hands of a few farmers without overdosing the land. Centralize, then it will not be a moshav but a capitalist farm in the United States. My idea is that the Ministry of Agriculture and the Federation of Fisheries and Farmers will take the lead and provide low-interest or no-interest loans to farmers who are willing to form moshav to help them The corresponding land purchased is about 20 acres per person. As for another question, it is easy to deal with. Our Moshav also wants to be democratic. Why did the gcd of the Soviet Union, India, and Japan fail? Why did our Chinese gcd win? The fundamental reason is that we have always unswervingly implemented democracy and opposed dictatorship! This is the foundation for the success of our career!" If you like this work, you are welcome to come to Qidian to vote for recommendations and monthly votes. Your support is my greatest support. power. Mobile phone users please go to m. to read. )