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Chapter 472 Three-nine-three, choose both kung fu and magic

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    "Science" magazine seemed to have expected that once the paper came out, paper would be expensive in Luoyang and copies would be hard to come by. After printing the issue of the magazine, they immediately started arranging for the publication of a single volume of the paper and organized biologists to conduct a comprehensive interpretation of the paper.  .

    Although Dr. Johnson is famous in the scientific community, for biologists, he is just famous. When it comes to influence in the profession, he is not even as good as his wife Zhao Jinghui.  The root cause is that Zhao Jinghui's pharmaceutical research is closely related to biology, while Sun Yuanqi's chemistry, physics, electronics, astronomy, etc. are almost inseparable from biology.  When many biologists received the invitation, they couldn't help but sneer three times: Want to play biology?  You deserve it too!

    Biology is almost the oldest discipline among all human knowledge. Long before man and ape said goodbye to each other, and even before humans became humans, humans have been constantly understanding the surrounding creatures. Only by accurately identifying which animals and plants can be eaten  , which animals and plants are in danger, and rationally seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages can better preserve life; when raising livestock and growing crops, only by accurately grasping the development laws of animals and plants can we obtain better returns.

    After thousands of years of accumulation and countless people's exploration, biology has developed quite completely, and the disciplinary barriers are relatively difficult to break.  To use a vulgar saying: You don¡¯t have to play with creatures if you want to, you can play with them if you want!  However, due to Dr. Johnson's great reputation and the warm invitation from "Science" magazine, they still read on with patience.

    Sun Yuanqi's own understanding of genetics is limited to a few words in middle school biology textbooks and news media. The descriptions and conjectures in the paper are far greater than the content of arguments and data. Although there are many newly coined scientific terms, they are generally very simple.  Easy to understand, it is not difficult to read and understand.  As the paper progressed page by page, everyone's expressions gradually became solemn, and they began to fall into deep thought from time to time:

    What, genetic material is nucleic acid, not protein?  Can it be verified through type conversion experiments of pneumococcal bacteria and phage experiments?

    What, dna is a double helix structure?  Can it be proven by X-ray diffraction photos of DNA crystals?

    What, the formation of cancer is caused by mutations in transforming genes (oncogenes)?  Transforming genes have always existed in the genomes of humans and other animals, performing normal physiological functions?

    What, there is no need for male and female mating, no need for the combination of sperm and eggs, just extract a single cell from an animal, use artificial methods to cultivate it into an embryo, and then implant the embryo into the female animal to give birth to a new baby.  individual?

    ¡­¡­

    The more biologists read, the more shocked they became. Some even couldn¡¯t wait to return to the laboratory with their papers to verify a series of earth-shattering conclusions mentioned by Sun Yuanqi in the article.  Their respective impressions of Sun Yuanqi also took a 180-degree turn: he was indeed a worthy scholar despite his great reputation!  If he had gotten involved in biology ten years earlier, wouldn't biology have undergone earth-shaking changes like physics, chemistry and other disciplines?

    In the end, everyone¡¯s conclusions are similar: regardless of whether the conclusion mentioned by Dr. Johnson in the paper is correct or not, it will advance biology, especially genetics, a big step forward, and even enter a new era.

    After hearing the news, science reporters and columnists also relied on their own understanding of the paper to support Sun Yuanqi in newspapers and magazines and add fuel to the flames.  The headline in The Times was "Can people reproduce asexually like plants?"  ", which almost grabs the reader's attention immediately, and the preceding introduction is equally tempting:

    When spring comes, farmers will use seedlings or twig cuttings to cultivate plants through vegetative or vegetative propagation methods, such as cutting and grafting, so as to harvest the same fruits as the previous plants.  In Dongfang Geqi's novel about gods and demons, "Journey to the West", a monkey surnamed Sun can use his own hair to create an identical version of himself.  So can humans reproduce asexually like plants or the monkey named Sun?  For example, you can use a cell extracted from your body to create a new individual that is exactly like yourself.  To this, the amazing Dr. Johnson gave a definite answer.  ¡ª¡ªCoincidentally, Dr. Johnson is also from the East and his surname is Sun.

    The always rigorous "Christian Monitor" is concerned about a series of ethical and moral issues that may arise from human cloning.  The "Daily Herald" titled "Good News for Infertile People: Dr. Johnson's Solution", extensively reported on several fertility methods mentioned in Sun Yuanqi's paper, such as in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology (  That is, the in vitro fertilization technology that won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010), the intracytoplasmic sperm injection technology and cloning technology that were later developed.

    As for the noble and cool "New York Times", it is seriousIt thoroughly discusses the origin of cancer mentioned by Sun Yuanqi in his paper. Of course, this is also very attractive to readers. After all, the mortality rate of cancer is extremely high and it has always been an important disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Moreover, several points raised by Sun Yuanqi are also very  With fun.

    For example, Sun Yuanqi proposed that oncogenes can be traced back to the evolutionary history of humans.  He believes that in the process of evolution from lower organisms to higher organisms, there were two options when faced with body defects. One was to regenerate a broken limb. Creatures such as salamanders and geckos have retained this function.  This function sounds very useful, but there are advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage is that the genes that determine the regeneration of amputated limbs can easily get out of control. Once out of control, they will evolve into malignant tumors with extremely high mortality rates.  Higher organisms, including humans, have weighed their options for a long time and found that losing limbs means a narrow escape from death, while suffering from cancer means suffering from death. Finally, they chose the latter option, which is not to have the ability to regenerate lost limbs.

    Although you choose not to use it, this gene is still latent in the human body and is responsible for normal physiological functions under normal circumstances. If it is stimulated, you may develop tumors.  So under what circumstances is cancer likely to occur?  Sun Yuanqi then put forward his second point of view, that is, human cells can be passed on for about 50 generations under normal circumstances, and then reach the limit, most cells will die, and a few surviving cells will undergo certain changes in the regulation of regeneration genes.  , allowing it to break through limits and divide infinitely, and then form cancer.

    In the early days, humans would die from various diseases, and the average life span was only forty or fifty years old. Most people often did not live to the limit of cell apoptosis, and died of illness before their cells had time to mutate.  After the Industrial Revolution, living conditions gradually improved, science and technology, especially medical science, developed rapidly, and human life span was greatly increased, which gave cells the opportunity to mutate.  In the future, the probability of human beings suffering from tumors will gradually increase.

    Just when Sun Yuanqi¡¯s paper set off waves of discussion in the West, Zhao Jinghui and Rutherford also arrived in the French port of Marseille by boat.  European journalists are also very interested in these two people, not only because they have made outstanding achievements in their respective professional fields, but also because the two winners are from the same school.

    To this day, the Nobel Prize has had a huge impact around the world due to factors such as relatively fair evaluation and huge bonuses. Among the 12 times it has been awarded, the winners of the two awards have come from the same school. This is the first time.  Second-rate.  Moreover, this school already had three winners teaching at the school. With these two, they won all three Nobel Prizes in science in just five years. This cannot but be said.  It's a miracle!

    What interests reporters even more is Zhao Jinghui, who has just established his career.  There is a precedent for mom-and-pop shops to win Nobel prizes. As early as 1903, the Curies shared the physics prize with fellow countryman Becquerel for discovering the radioactive element radium. However, the situation of Zhao Jinghui and Sun Yuanqi was different from theirs.

    First of all, Sun Yuanqi and Zhao Jinghui study completely different fields. One is chemistry, physics, astronomy, electronics and more recently biology, while the other is medicine. There is no overlap at all.

    Secondly, both of them enjoyed the bonuses of the year exclusively, which shows that their research results are unparalleled in the world.

    Third, both of them were only around 30 years old when they won the award, especially Zhao Jinghui, who even set a record as the youngest winner; while Mr. Curie was 44 years old when he won the award, and Madame Curie was already 36 years old.

    As soon as Zhao Jinghui and Rutherford got off the boat, they were surrounded by a large number of reporters. Scared, Zhao quickly stopped in front and pushed these reporters around.  The reporters were all young and strong, and Lao Zhao's pushing was no more than shaking a tree. Their questions also flew in one after another:

    "Mr. Rutherford, you previously studied at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. Later, you did research at McGill University in Canada. Now you are teaching at the Far East University of Economics and have made brilliant achievements. Tes  Mr. La also won the Nobel Prize at Jingshi University. What¡¯s the mystery behind this?¡±

    Rutherford mused: "There is no secret. If there is one, it is the excellent research environment of Jingshi University and the outstanding leadership of Dr. Johnson."

    "Does the outstanding performance of Jingshi University over the years mean that the center of science has shifted from the West to the East?"

    Rutherford said: "As you know, Jingshi University is one of the most important scientific research centers today. But this does not mean the transfer of the scientific center, it just shows that the ancient East is rising."

    "Dr. Johnson recently published a remarkable paper, did you know that? What do you think about it?"

    Rutherford nodded: "I learned the news from the newspaper when the ship passed through the Suez Canal. I think this is the most correct choice Yanke has made in the past few years. It is not only good for himself, but also for the world's scientific community."  There are benefits too.¡±

    "But he chose not physics, chemistry, astronomy, electronics, etc., which he is good at, but biology, which he has never set foot in. What is your comment on this?"

    Rutherford smiled and said: "Perhaps Janke felt that it was impossible for the Swedish Academy of Sciences to award him any more physics or chemistry prizes, so he wanted to try his luck at Karolinska Institutet?" (Remember this website's website address: www.hlnovel.  com)nbsp; "But he chose not physics, chemistry, astronomy, electronics, etc., which he is good at, but biology, which he has never set foot in. What is your comment on this?"

    Rutherford smiled and said: "Perhaps Janke felt that it was impossible for the Swedish Academy of Sciences to award him any more physics or chemistry prizes, so he wanted to try his luck at Karolinska Institutet?" (Remember this website's website address: www.hlnovel.  com
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