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Chapter 87 Eighty-six, Senior** Xu Zaipan

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    As soon as Yale University discovered the new substance, it sent a telegram to Sun Yuanqi at McGill University in Canada.  This discovery had been expected by Sun Yuanqi, and he was not too excited. He just sent a congratulatory telegram to his colleagues.

    When the postman once again delivered the telegram, his colleagues in the laboratory had confirmed that this new substance was the legendary "missing" element. Sun Yuanqi remained as indifferent as ever. In addition to the award and congratulations, he called back, hoping that they could work on it.  The research on new elements is intensive, and on the other hand, we must continue to build larger-scale cyclotron particle accelerators, such as those with a diameter of more than 60 centimeters.

    Reporters in Montreal learned that the scientist who released the new element was temporarily living at McGill University, and rushed to the campus for interviews. Finally, they met Sun Yuanqi, known as "the greatest young scientist of the early 20th century", in Rutherford's office.  .

    When the reporter explained his intention, Rutherford knew that Sun Yuanqi had discovered a new element and congratulated him continuously.

    During the chat, the reporter asked a question that also interested Rutherford: "Professor Johnson, we know that your colleagues in the Elements Laboratory discovered radon in 1900, lutetium in 1901, and protactinium in 1902.  Now technetium has been discovered. Excuse me, do you have any clever methods for discovering new elements?"

    "Ingenious method? No, no, you don't have to deliberately discover new elements." At this point, Sun Yuanqi pointed to his head: "According to my existing knowledge and theory, the new element should be there, so it is there.  "

    What Sun Yuanqi means is that he knows the complete version of the periodic table of elements.  As for what Rutherford and the reporter thought, it is unknown.

    After seeing off the reporters, he returned to the office and sat down again.  Rutherford suddenly said: "Yanke, maybe you will win the Nobel Prize this year!"

    "Nobel Prize?" Sun Yuanqi was stunned. In his impression, Nobel Prize has always been the patent of big and small minotaurs. In his own century, how many Chinese people dreamed of it, but in the end, a few unexpected prizes came, which really made the government disgraced.  When I came to this world, I had longed for it, but was overwhelmed by the many problems in real life and soon forgot about it.

    Rutherford thought that Sun Yuanqi had not heard of the Nobel Prize, so he quickly explained: "The Nobel Prize was founded by Nobel, the famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerine. Mr. Nobel devoted his life to the research of explosives. In the invention of nitroglycerin,  He made significant achievements in research. He not only engaged in theoretical research, but also carried out industrial practice and accumulated huge wealth. In 1896, Nobel died in Italy. A year before his death, he left a will and established the Nobel Prize.

    "In his will, he proposed to use part of his inheritance as a fund, and use the interest to set up five prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, to be awarded to scholars from all over the world who have made significant contributions to mankind in these fields. Accordingly,  In 1900, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation, and awarded it for the first time the following year. Since then, grand awarding ceremonies have been held in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and Oslo, the capital of Norway, on this day every year, and it has been awarded three times now."  Rutherford spoke eloquently and seemed to be very familiar with this award.

    ¡°So, how much is the Nobel Prize bonus?¡± Sun Yuanqi suddenly asked.

    "The Nobel Prize includes a gold medal, a certificate and a bonus check." Rutherford replied, "The amount of the bonus depends on the income of the foundation. At present, it is about 11,000 pounds, equivalent to 31,000 US dollars."

    "Oh, it's only 30,000 US dollars" Compared with more than 1 million US dollars in his previous life, 30,000 US dollars was indeed a little less, so Sun Yuanqi was a little disappointed.

    "Johnson, you shouldn't care too much about the amount of the bonus," Rutherford was dissatisfied: "What's more important is that scientists around the world recognize your academic achievements. This is a great honor for a researcher."

    One is chasing fame and the other is chasing profit, is there any difference?  Sun Yuan stood up and cursed.  However, he always regarded Rutherford as a good teacher and helpful friend, so he still answered respectfully: "Doesn't it mean that school construction requires a large amount of funds? Haha. Speaking of which, which scientists have won the Nobel Prize in recent years?"

    "I don't care much about the three awards of physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, so I don't know much about them." Rutherford paused, "As for the rest, I have heard about them. The three physics awards were awarded to the discovery x  Mr. R?ntgen who discovered rays, Mr. Zeeman who discovered the Zeeman effect of magnetism on light, Mr. Lorenz who founded the electron theory, Mr. and Mrs. Curie who discovered the radioactive element radium, and Becquerel who discovered the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. The Chemistry Prize is awarded to  To Van Tohoff who established the laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure, Fisher who synthesized purine and its derivative peptides, and Arrhenius who established the theory of ionization of electrolyte solutions."

    ¡°Roentgen, ?Mann, Lorenz, the Curies, Becquerel, Arrheniusah, they are all celebrities, and they are destined to appear in future university textbooks.  "Sun Yuanqi couldn't help sighing, of course he was telling the truth.

    "Haha, what about you? You know, many scholars now regard you as the first person after Newton!" Rutherford looked at him jokingly, "Roentgen, the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, after him  Your understanding of atomic structure was mentioned in your acceptance speech; later Professor Lorenz and the Curies both said that your theory has an important guiding role in the development of science. Of course, your new understanding of chemical reactions, Arrheni  Us was also full of praise and once publicly stated that his theory was not as comprehensive and systematic as yours. Because of this, when he won the Chemistry Prize last year, there was still some criticism in the academic community. Most scholars believed that his theory of ionization was  , it's just part of what you explained in "Principles of Chemistry", but you didn't explain it thoroughly. If he can win the award, then you should also win the award, and you can't favor one over the other just because he is a Swede"

    In response to this, Sun Yuanqi could only smile in return.

    Generally speaking, science has no national boundaries, but scientists do have national boundaries. Therefore, it is inevitable that there will be conflicts of opinion in aspects such as awarding awards and writing the history of science.

    Taking Arrhenius as an example, Friedman, a professor of the history of science in the United States, wrote in "The Machiavellian Strategy: Behind the Scenes of the Nobel Prize in Science" published in 2005 that in 1906 the Nobel Prize Committee in Chemistry passed the decision on Mendeleev.  However, Arrhenius, who was a member of the Physics Committee, took the lead in criticizing and belittling Mendeleev's work at the Royal Academy of Sciences. As a result, Mendeleev, who discovered the periodic law of elements, ultimately failed to win the Nobel Prize.

    Through an investigation of Nobel Prize files before 1950, Friedman also discovered that the German physicist Nernst, also the founder of physical chemistry, had been continuously nominated by the Nobel Prize jury from 1901 until 1921.  Awarded only in years.  It is said that Arrhenius made things difficult during the selection process because one of his students had challenged Arrhenius.  Nernst received 22 of the 55 nominations that year, and the committee agreed to award him the chemistry prize that had not been awarded in 1920.  Ostwald, one of the founders of physical chemistry, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 with the strong support of Arrhenius.

    Of course, we cannot say that Arrhenius is petty. After all, there are very few selfless people.

    "So, in this year's Nobel Prize selection, many professors from the Royal Society, the German Physical Society, and even the United States, France, and Canada nominated you, Yank, so you are the most promising to win the prize." Rutherford was proud.  He looked at Sun Yuanqi.

    "So, you are also my nominee?" Sun Yuanqi stared at Rutherford.

    "What do you think?" The two laughed at the same time.

    After laughing for a while, Sun Yuanqi asked tentatively: "Then do you recommend me to win the physics prize or the chemistry prize?"

    This question is very targeted.

    You should know that when the Nobel Prize was first established, the Swedish royal family wanted to award it only to researchers from their own country, but the plan was rejected.  So Sweden's most famous scientist Arrhenius was sent to compete, hoping to bring glory to his country.  In 1901, when the first Nobel Prize selection began, Arrhenius was one of the 11 candidates for the physics prize, but unfortunately he failed.  In 1902, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but he was not selected.

    In 1903, Arrhenius made a comeback.  In the first two selections, Sweden failed to win anything, which made the country's face irrelevant. This time, it was determined to win.  The award committee had already decided on Arrhenius, but there was disagreement over whether he should win the physics or chemistry prize.  The ionization theory plays an important role in both physics and chemistry. It is difficult for people to determine which award he should win.  The Nobel Prize Committee in Chemistry proposed to give him half the physics prize and half the chemistry prize. This plan was too strange and was rejected.  He also proposed that the issue of his award be postponed to the second year, which was naturally rejected ruthlessly.  Finally, Arrhenius won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

    Similarly, the physics giant in front of him also won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "study of the transformation of elements and radiochemistry."

    "Oh, I've thought about this too." Rutherford nodded, "According to the papers you published, your focus is mainly on the functional relationship between radiation intensity and light wavelength, and the relationship between mass and energy.  There are also aspects of physics such as quantum mechanics and radio technology. However, these results have not yet been widely recognized by the academic community and require time and experimental testing. In contrast, your understanding of atomic structure, the periodic law of elements, and the principles of chemical reactions  The understanding is more widely known, and a new reaction mode-nuclear reaction was discovered. These directly changed the theoretical basis of the current chemical discipline. On this basis, you successively discovered three elements: radon, lutetium, and protactinium-oh  , and technetium, by the way. So, I am nominating you to the Nobel Prize Committee for the Chemistry Prize."

    "The chemistry award" Sun Yuanqi couldn't help but smile bitterly.  Will a graduate student in the physics department win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?  This joke is too big!  (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to come to Qidian (qidian.com) to vote for recommendations and monthly votes. Your support is my biggest motivation.) (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com  )?Oh, and technetium, by the way.  So, I am nominating you to the Nobel Prize Committee for the Chemistry Prize.  "

    "The chemistry award" Sun Yuanqi couldn't help but smile bitterly.  Will a graduate student in the physics department win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry?  This joke is too big!  (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to come to Qidian (qidian.com) to vote for recommendations and monthly votes. Your support is my biggest motivation.) (Remember the website address: www.hlnovel.com
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