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Author: Shi Yuchun
1. Opening: Quoting Huang Tingjian on Taoism
I finished reading "Tao Yuanming Collection" in March and April. During this period, I wrote a lot of words, broken chapters and chapters, and I didn't think about it carefully. Finally, I was free and could sort it out slowly.
Don't write my words first, let's take the words of the Taoist of the valley as the first part, which can be regarded as the beginning. Why did you choose the Daoist of the valley? Probably, his opinion "has something to do with me"!
"When the blood is young, reading this poem is like chewing dead wood, and going through the world, knowing that it is useless to make decisions. Every time I read this article, I drink a spring like thirsty, sip tea as if I want to sleep, and eat soup cakes like hungry. People today also Is there anyone who can taste the same? But I'm afraid you won't be able to chew your ears."
"It's better to be discordant than to make the sentences weak; to use words without making them work, but not to make the language vulgar. This is also the director of Yu Kaifu; but it is also intentional for poetry. As for Yuanming, it is said that he does not bother with ropes and cuts, but is self-contained." .Although, those who are skillful with the ax are suspicious and clumsy, and those who are embarrassed by the inspection are always sick. Confucius said: "Ning Wuzi's knowledge is within reach, but his stupidity is beyond reach." !"
"The Taoist said: 'If I press my finger, the sea seal will shine; if you raise your heart temporarily, the dust and labor will rise first. .'
The poems of Yuanming should be shared with those who are in the same hills and valleys. "
2. Wine¡¤Worry¡¤Philosophy (1)
Has Tao Yuanming really forgotten about the affairs of the world? Is he really so optimistic that he has nothing to worry about? Is he really so obsessed with the countryside that he doesn't care about the right and wrong in the world? Not necessarily.
When reading Tao's poems, almost every article sees wine. What is wine for? Of course, this wine is only Tao Yuanming's wine. This wine is not for socializing; it is not for flattery; If there is wine in each chapter of the collection, the chapters will be full of worries. It is impossible to get rid of thousands of worries by getting drunk. He always wakes up, how about waking up? Still full of worries. In fact, only Tao Yuanming knows how much the Tao family has developed.
It's not that he doesn't care about worldly things, such as fame and fortune. If in the era of Qingping, if there was a bole who recognized his talent, Tao Yuanming probably would not have retired. His retreat is the result of being born in the last days. The officialdom is corrupt and decaying, and there is no opportunity, even if there is, it is not a place for him. For Peng Zezai, it is more appropriate to call it a humiliation than an opportunity. Regardless of whether he has the ability to actually benefit the world, the poet's self-esteem is very high, just like the later Li Bai. In fact, the world is really fair, God gave you such a talent, in other respects, you may be weaker. Most of the poets and politicians have bumpy careers. Because the poet's temperament is romantic and innocent; while the politician's character is ups and downs.
3. Wine¡¤Worry¡¤Philosophy (2)
Tao Yuanming mentioned the glory of his ancestors many times in his poems and essays. In fact, he still hopes to make a difference for the prosperity of the lintel.
Tao Yuanming's love for seedlings is actually a reflection of his inability to let go of the world on the psychological side.
Regarding the passage of time and the aging of life, he has fear and anxiety. He even dreaded death:
"It has been there since ancient times, and the heart of the mind is anxious."
He also has a heart of admiration:
"I was born with a high world reputation, but it has not been passed down endlessly. If you don't learn from the madman, you will live for a hundred years"
He does not covet fame and fortune, his thinking is just like that of many masters before him: the husband is alive, the country and the people are benefited, the success is not shameful, and he retires, so he will say:
"Content without humiliation, knowing stop without peril"
Hiding is the ultimate goal in life, but it must be after realizing one's own value. As Cao Zijian said:
"Work hard to go to the country, flow to benefit the people, build a permanent career, and leave a legacy of gold and stone. How can you use calligraphy as merit, and resignation as a gentleman."
Look at Jingjie's "Fu of Leisure Love", his temperament, his love is directly in front of his eyes, how rich his emotions are.
Look at Jingjie's "Books with Ziyan and Others", the heart of worrying about the son overflows the lines, the voice of a loving father, and the heart of a loving father are all in the words. He is not a withered rotten wood, he is a lively body of flesh and blood.
So, is Dow not optimistic?
The answer: no. Yuanming has his own insight.
Where is the philosophy?
It lies in his peace and happiness in poverty, in his integrity, and in his thorough understanding of life and death.
This is also one of the reasons why his poems are called by later generations.
I think that Yuanming's loveliness and respectability lie in his ability to keep his true nature and worry about the world, but not be moved by the world.
Yuanming has something in his heart??. I often think that Wang Wei's enlightenment is not thorough, because there are still traces to be found. When the World Honored One held the flowers, Kasyapa's smile could only be seen at the Lingshan meeting, and the rest was insignificant. The world, after all, is complicated, and the worst thing is, you can't get rid of that stinky skin. Since the world of mortals is like this, we don't need to force the world. According to the enlightened poets, Wang Wei's understanding of life has reached at least seven or eight points, which is not easy.
7. Tao Yuanliang's Wine and Wang Mojie's Buddha (4)
Wang Wei's enlightenment, in his poem, is not the following sentence:
?The day of love dyeing has faded, and the day of meditation and silence has solidified. "Accidental Works" Part Three
? In the dusk of the empty pool, An Chan controls the poisonous dragon. "Passing Xiangji Temple"
The body follows the law of cause and condition, and the mind passes through the dhyana of stages. "Seven rhymes inscribed together by monks watching rice in the outer house of Lu Siyuan"
Birds come to far grammar, guests go more peaceful Zen. "Lan Ruosu, the First Master of the Tao"
There are many Dharma couples in the mountains, and Zen chanting is a group. "Send My Brothers and Sisters in the Mountains"
If you only take these Zen-related and Zen-related words as Zen itself, it is very likely that you have no wisdom roots and are too far away from my Buddha. If you stick to this, you have entered the way of the devil, or just the evil way, or just the wild fox Zen.
Where is Wang Wei's enlightenment? In fact, everyone has seen it, but they don¡¯t necessarily know it. This is:
The bright moon shines among the pines, and the clear spring stones flow upwards. The bamboo noise returns to Huannu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat. "Mountain Dwelling in Autumn"
Walk to the poor water, sit and watch the clouds rise. "The End of the South"
Beyond the river flowing in the sky and the earth, there is nothing in the mountains. "Overlooking the Han River"
Such wonderful methods are difficult to understand without a clear heart, and these sentences are difficult to understand without a clear heart. The taste here can only be expressed to those who understand, not to those who have no heart.
Readers know the beauty of these good sentences and love them together. There may not be many people who know the truth of Zen in the meantime.
If you ask how Zen really behaves, I won't say, and I can't tell.
"Mysterious and mysterious, the door of remystification". Having said that, stop. This is also a common method of meditation.
The reason is very simple, once it is said, it will not be interesting at all.
If you have the intention, you can see it without telling it, and you can understand it thoroughly.
If you have no predestined relationship, it is useless to say it.
8. Tao Yuanliang's Wine and Wang Mojie's Buddha (5)
The prosperity before the Anshi chaos, the trembling during the Anshi chaos, and the survival of the whole body after the Anshi chaos.
Wang Wei has personally experienced many things in the world. For life, there is nothing that cannot be taken up, and there is nothing that cannot be let go. He devoted himself to the Buddha, and then began to wither away. This is like Zen. This is how I understand it: Zen is a living Zen, not a dead law. For a person who learns Zen, once the mind dies, all dharmas will perish. When that lively and agile seed loses the sign of life, everything will wither.
"When the clouds are empty and the moraine is empty, the horses are driven, and the autumn plains are good for hiding eagles." - "Out of the Fortress"
"The solitary smoke in the desert is straight, and the long river is full of sunset." - "Envoy to the Fortress"
Such heroism, heroism, and aura have been reduced to ashes.
Yuanming's relationship with Mojie seems to be the same, but it is different. Mojie borrowed it from Buddha, and Yuan Liang escaped with wine. The Buddha leads to the soul, the Buddha leads to the soul, and the spiritual world corresponds to the Buddha. This kind of attachment anesthetizes the spirit, or, to put it more grandly, it can be considered that the soul is redeemed.
What about wine? It's just the pleasure of eating and drinking, it's the experience of the body.
Regardless of the result of pious worship of Buddha, at least, in my opinion, this way can calm the spirit and bring people peace and tranquility.
9. Tao Yuanliang's Wine and Wang Mojie's Buddha (6)
The tranquility obtained from material consumption is only for a moment. Once drunk for a while, it will not last forever. Once drunk, the body cannot be drunk. There is always a time when you are drunk when you are drunk.
Yuanming's helplessness probably also lies in this! If you are drunk in the morning, you may wake up in the afternoon. When you are drunk, you forget your worries, but what about when you are awake? If you are drunk today, you may wake up tomorrow. When you are drunk, you have no worries, so what happens when you wake up?
The sorrow of Jingjie is in the last days of life. In that era, there were also opportunities, but the loftiness of a literati, how could he stand the humiliation of a humble position.
The sorrow of the Jing Festival changes every dynasty in life. In such a time, even if he died in poverty, how could he lose his integrity.
This is the Chinese taxi, and this is the integrity of a true intellectual.
On the stage of life, there is no big ups and downs, and life is depressed. This is the sorrow of Tao Jingjie.
How to resolve this sorrow? In addition to poetry in words, it is wine used to soothe sorrow. There is nowhere to find this wine; only this poem can reveal the feelings of Jingjie.
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