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Text 917¡¾The emperor is also a historian¡¿

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    Zhu Minghao praised the new dynasty and praised the emperor's political clarity, but also because of Zhao Han's right taste in history.

    In the Tang Dynasty, there was a "Shi Tong", which was the first systematic monograph on historical theory in China, but it did not receive due attention in the Song and Yuan dynasties.

    Until the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, Lu Shen came across the manuscript by chance and was deeply shocked by this masterpiece.  There were many errors and missing pages in the manuscript. In the 13th year of Jiajia, Lu Shen finally found the complete Xishu manuscript, so he simplified and revised it into "Shi Tong Hui Yao".

    The publication of "Shi Tong Hui Yao" means that the research on the history of the times has begun to flourish.  The prosperity of historiography is also accompanied by the prosperity of practical studies, and the relationship between the two is mutual promotion.

    Practical learning not only includes mathematics and physics, but also includes traditional classics and history subsets.  The Practical School advocates applying what one has learned. The study of classics and history should not search for chapters and excerpts, but to understand the principles of classics and history. Based on classics and history as a mirror, we can better govern the country and reform society.  At this time, the study of textual research also revealed its glory. Yang Shen, a great talent, pioneered the trend of textual research.

    Zhu Minghao in the late Ming Dynasty was a master of textual research, and he pioneered many methods of governing history.  Strictly speaking, Zhu Minghao was the theoretical founder of textual research in the Qing Dynasty! First, Zhu Minghao opposed qubi and advocated straight script.  History books should be what they should be, and they should not be obscured for anyone, and they should not be deliberately smeared, especially when dynasties change. Second, the sources should be credible, the words should be precise, and the writing should not be ambiguous.  When the facts cannot be ascertained, don't make a conclusion early, and leave it to future generations to continue to study.  third

    Zhao Han's attitude towards "Ming History" made Zhu Minghao feel like a spring breeze.

    This emperor did not smear the previous dynasty, did not smear Chongzhen, everything was realistic, Zhu Minghao thought it was great! Before the end of the Shangsi holiday, Zhu Minghao was recruited into the palace, and saw the emperor fishing in the imperial garden.  ¡¾3" Your Majesty, Zhu Minghao, my minister.  "" Find a place to sit by yourself.  "

    There was a small maza next to him, and Zhu Minghao sat down, picked up the fishing rod and baited it, and Zhao Han said with a smile, "You don't see it."  "

    Zhu Minghao immediately said: "The king regards his ministers as his brothers, and the ministers regard him as his heart."  Brothers and sisters, why do you come to see outsiders?" "You are flattering, I really didn't see it."  " Zhao Han couldn't help but smile.

    Zhu Minghao is filial and honest, he does not take concubines, he is not greedy for money, he studies ancient and modern history intensively, he should be a serious old scholar.  But on the contrary, he has a wide range of friends, he can't offend anyone, and he even comes to flatter with his mouth.  As long as it's not a matter of principle, even if he doesn't like his friends' words and deeds, he never speaks harshly to each other, and only reminds them with side-effects.  Facing the emperor's jokes, Zhu Minghao said: "I never say anything against my will."  "

    Zhao Han said: "Old Wu has been sick and asked to resign many times, and it is hard to keep me. From now on, you will be in charge of "Datong Monthly".  Zhu Minghao said, "Your Majesty, the minister is in charge of history."  The minister's ambition is to revise all the ancient and modern history books.  "

    "Which history books need to be revised?" Zhao Han asked.  Zhu Minghao said, ""Book of Song" and "Book of Sui" are both ridiculed history, and what is lost is corrected."  Moreover, both books are misnamed.  It is called "Song Shu", but it is mixed with things about Wu, Jin, Shu, and Wei; it is called "Sui Shu", but it is also mixed with things about Liang, Chen, Qi, and Zhou.  If you feel that the history writing is incomplete, you can just annotate the history like Pei Songzhi, and you can't add things in it.  "6 "What else?" Zhao Han asked.

    Zhu Minghao replied: "For another example, in the "Book of Southern Qi", in the biography of "Good Government", there are two people who do not need to be recorded, one person who should not be recorded, and two people who are not included. There is an appendix "Xiaoyi" which should be changed into "Good Government"  "One person. The history books of all dynasties, all these, are too numerous to enumerate, and they can all be revised."

    Zhu Minghao also wanted to delete many "likes" from historians in the history books of the past dynasties.  Either the praise is unreasonable, or the praise is commonplace. The only function of these praises is to waste paper and ink and waste readers' time.

    Zhao Han put down his fishing rod and said: "I have also read Qing's political history papers, and I generally agree with them, but there are some points that I disagree with."  Zhu Minghao's expression became serious, and he put down his fishing rod, and said: "Please correct me, Your Majesty."  "

    "Qing's history of governance only focuses on politics and ignores other things," Zhao Han said seriously, "food economy, literary rhetoric, Buddhism, Taoism, and religion are also extremely important.  With these in the history books, hundreds of years later, people can know how much money the predecessors paid for a catty of rice, know what style of writing prevailed in a certain dynasty, and know what sects the men and women believed in at that time through reading history.

    Zhu Minghao said: ""Shihuo Zhi" is naturally important, but literature, Buddhism and Taoism do not need to be included in history books. History books must be refined. If you want to know the style of writing in the previous dynasty, you can just read the articles of the previous dynasty, or have a special research article  And that Buddhism and Taoism are heretics, not classics of the country, and should not be set in history books.He opened his mouth even more.  As long as it's not a matter of principle, even if he doesn't like his friends' words and deeds, he never speaks harshly to each other, and only reminds them with side-effects.  Facing the emperor's jokes, Zhu Minghao said: "I never say anything against my will."  "

    Zhao Han said: "Old Wu has been sick and asked to resign many times, and it is hard to keep me. From now on, you will be in charge of "Datong Monthly".  Zhu Minghao said, "Your Majesty, the minister is in charge of history."  The minister's ambition is to revise all the ancient and modern history books.  "

    "Which history books need to be revised?" Zhao Han asked.  Zhu Minghao said, ""Book of Song" and "Book of Sui" are both ridiculed history, and what is lost is corrected."  Moreover, both books are misnamed.  It is called "Song Shu", but it is mixed with things about Wu, Jin, Shu, and Wei; it is called "Sui Shu", but it is also mixed with things about Liang, Chen, Qi, and Zhou.  If you feel that the history writing is incomplete, you can just annotate the history like Pei Songzhi, and you can't add things in it.  "6 "What else?" Zhao Han asked.

    Zhu Minghao replied: "For another example, in the "Book of Southern Qi", in the biography of "Good Government", there are two people who do not need to be recorded, one person who should not be recorded, and two people who are not included. There is an appendix "Xiaoyi" which should be changed into "Good Government"  "One person. The history books of all dynasties, all these, are too numerous to enumerate, and they can all be revised."

    Zhu Minghao also wanted to delete many "likes" from historians in the history books of the past dynasties.  Either the praise is unreasonable, or the praise is commonplace. The only function of these praises is to waste paper and ink and waste readers' time.

    Zhao Han put down his fishing rod and said: "I have also read Qing's political history papers, and I generally agree with them, but there are some points that I disagree with."  Zhu Minghao's expression became serious, and he put down his fishing rod, and said: "Please correct me, Your Majesty."  "

    "Qing's history of governance only focuses on politics and ignores other things," Zhao Han said seriously, "food economy, literary rhetoric, Buddhism, Taoism, and religion are also extremely important.  With these in the history books, hundreds of years later, people can know how much money the predecessors paid for a catty of rice, know what style of writing prevailed in a certain dynasty, and know what sects the men and women believed in at that time through reading history.

    Zhu Minghao said: ""Shihuo Zhi" is naturally important, but literature, Buddhism and Taoism do not need to be included in history books. History books must be refined. If you want to know the style of writing in the previous dynasty, you can just read the articles of the previous dynasty, or have a special research article  And that Buddhism and Taoism are heretics, not the classics of the country, and the "Shi Laozhi" should not be set up in the history books."

    Zhao Han said with a smile: "The history of literature is also history, and the history of religion is also history. In the Zhengjia period of the previous Ming Dynasty, why did the former seven sons suddenly appear? Suddenly there was a need for literary improvement? And when literature was improved, why did Yangming appear at the same time?  Psychology and Neo-Confucianism "

    Zhu Minghao was thoughtful, and seemed to have grasped the point, but he didn't pierce through a layer of window paper.  Anyway, he didn't want to understand, Zhu Minghao cupped his hands and said, "Please enlighten me, Your Majesty."  "

    Zhao Han said: "At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people's livelihoods withered, and the economy was in decline. At the same time, the Yuan Dynasty was shameful for a hundred years, and culture and education were sluggish. Faced with this situation, Ming Taizu and Ming Taizong, their top priority is to expel the Tartars and let the world  Stability means keeping the people fed and clothed. Not to mention external wars, if you want to be stable internally, you need to unify the thoughts of the government and the public. That's why stereotypes are needed, so it is necessary to compile the "Four Books" and "Five Classics".  Some words of Mencius have been deleted, and Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism has also been distorted and interpreted." "That's true." Zhu Minghao nodded.

    Zhao Han continued: "This kind of ideological confinement was beneficial to stability in the early Ming Dynasty. On this basis, Emperor Hongwu even came up with a whole set of rules. Some gods were deleted for rating, and some gods were dismissed as fake.  God. Even the monks are not allowed to eat meat anymore. There is a set of village drinking rituals in towns and villages across the country, and what the common people should do is stipulated. At that time, people were calm, business was not prosperous, and the countryside was still bartering  Most traders buy and sell goods in neighboring counties, and the transportation across provinces depends entirely on the imperial court. Although Emperor Hongwu had strict rules, the people all over the world liked them. Zhu Minghao nodded subconsciously.

    Zhao Han went on to say: "But in the Hongzhi and Zhengde dynasties, these rules are out of date, and the distorted Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism is no longer useful. You participated in the compilation of "History of Ming Dynasty", you can go to the Shihuo Zhi at that time,  Is it the prosperity of industry and commerce? Is it because a large number of farmers left the countryside and went to the cities to make a living? The food crop system exists in name only, and no one mentions the drinking rituals in the villages." "Indeed." Zhu Minghao agreed.  If you study ancient and modern times, if you discuss history, you will never be as good as one!"

    Zhao Han said, "Since you want to manage history, then continue to manage it. "Datong Monthly" can also be managed. The specific affairs are handled by the deputy. You are only responsible for reviewing important articles." "Chen Lingzhi"  ;

    What Zhu Minghao is thinking now is to hurry home and write a thesis, combine what the emperor said just now with his own historical research, and reformulate the future historical research methods.
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