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Text 775 [The Book of Rites of the Prince]

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    Zhen Juan 1 Sleepy Shoal 775 Huang Zongxi's lecture content is "The Collection of Datong". He has been sick for the past few days and cannot come to work for the time being.

    ? In the first class "Book of Rites", the tutor is called Zhang Erqi.

    In the last years of Chongzhen, the Tartars plundered Shandong.  Zhang Erqi's father stepped forward and killed the two Tartars alone. After being captured alive, he brutally killed them.  His third brother also died tragically, and the fourth brother was almost buried and came back to life.

    After the Tartars entered the customs, Zhang Erqi and his fourth brother burned the Shiwen, expressing their intention to sever the imperial examinations, and they would never be officials in the Manchu Qing Dynasty in this life.

    He had been teaching in Shandong before, and was later invited to give lectures in Nanjing. Now he is famous all over the world for his academics, and was specially recruited into the Imperial Academy as a master of Confucianism.  Gu Yanwu read "Yili Zheng Zhujudu", admired his attainments in Confucian classics, and respected Zhang Erqi as "Zhuoran Confucian classics teacher".

    An abode in the Wenhua Palace is where the prince studies, and the cabinet officials next door are busy.

    Zhao Kuanghuan came to Zhengzheng and bowed: "Meet Mr. Zhang."

    Zhang Erqi got up to return the salute, and then held the ruler: "Prince, please sit down."

    Zhao Kuanghuan and Zhang Erqi sat opposite each other, with a desk in the middle.

    Li Yong stood beside him, and Hu Mengtai sat farther away.  As a guest of the prince, Hu Mengtai read the book by himself, and seemed too lazy to pay attention to the teaching situation, but his ears were always erect.

    Around, there are some officials, and there are also special personnel to record the content of the class.

    Zhang Erqi said: "His Royal Highness, after this statement, there are no monarchs and ministers in this house, only teachers and students. If the prince is stubborn and does not obey the rules, he must be beaten with a ruler."

    Zhu Biao, the first prince of the Ming Dynasty, was often beaten by his teacher with a ruler.

    After hearing this, Zhao Kuanghuan felt that the teacher in front of him was too serious, and he was not happy but also a little awe-inspiring.

    Zhang Erqi said: "To study, you must first show your ambition. Whether it is the old Ming dynasty or our Datong new dynasty, why do children learn "University" first after they are enlightened?  The world, this is the ambition of a scholar in his life. From now on, whether it is Confucianism, history, rhetoric or miscellaneous studies, these studies must be developed around his own ambition. Have any other masters said these words?"

    Zhao Kuanghuan replied: "I have."

    Zhang Erqi also said: "I teach people to read. There is a sequence of which books to read. The books on Confucian classics are "University", "Analects of Confucius", "Doctrine of the Mean", "Mencius", "Book of Songs", "Book of Changes",  "Spring and Autumn", "Zhou Li", "Yi Li", "Book of Rites". History books, in order, are "Compendium", "Pre-Bian", "Sequel", "Tong Ji" and "Da Zheng Lu" in the former Ming Dynasty.  Books on miscellaneous studies, in order, are "University Yanyi", "Buxishan Reading Secretary", "General Examination of Documents", "Public Security Research Evidence", "Authentic Articles", "Zoushu of Famous Officials", and "Daming Huidian".

    This gentleman is proficient in all five classics, and has studied history and miscellaneous studies intensively.

    Zhang Erqi went on to say: "Your Majesty asked me to teach the prince, and only teach the "Book of Rites", not sequentially. This fact is helpless. But I still have to say what should be said. The prince should have learned the origin of the universe. My school  , Qi is the foundation, reason is the end"

    "Ahem!"

    Hu Mengtai, who was reading a book with his head down, suddenly coughed and reminded Zhang Erqi not to add private goods.

    Zhang Erqi hesitated to speak, but finally did not continue, and quickly returned to the main topic: "Has the prince ever studied "Book of Rites"?"

    Zhao Kuanghuan replied: "In the middle school textbooks, there are excerpts from the Book of Rites."

    Zhang Erqi was very dissatisfied with this. He felt that the Four Books and Five Classics were a gradual knowledge system.  Primary and middle school students only learn excerpts of chapters, and their knowledge has been messed up.

    However, Zhang Erqi is not a Taoist, and his academics also tend to be practical.

    It can be seen from the fact that Qi is the foundation and reason is the end. Although he studied Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, he subverted Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism.  Qi-based, that is, focusing on the study of materials, the exploration of the world, and the practical practice of the world.

    Zhang Erqi asked again: "Does the prince know what is 'ritual'?"

    Zhao Kuanghuan replied: "It's the rules of etiquette."

    Zhang Erqi said: "It's true, but it's not entirely true. Li, in the big sense, is a system and a convention. In a small sense, it's a technique of self-cultivation. The law is actually a kind of ritual, but it's the bottom line of ritual.  "

    "There are many things in the world that cannot be controlled solely by laws, otherwise they cannot be controlled at all. Just like acquaintances meet, greeting each other is an etiquette, but it is not illegal to not greet each other. The "Datong Township Covenant" formulated by His Majesty is a rural etiquette system.  It persuades people to be kind and to help each other, and if you don¡¯t abide by it, you won¡¯t break the law, but you will be poked in the spine by your neighbors.¡±

    "The rites of monarch and minister, the rites of husband and wife, the rites of elders and children."Lying down, I forgot all the teacher's teachings in class: "Shanxi people, there is also a Shaanxi student in my class. I heard that during the Chongzhen Dynasty, there were severe droughts every year in Shaanxi, and people rebelled everywhere?"

    Li Yong said: "My father followed the governor of Shaanxi to seek thieves and was killed by Zhang Xianzhong."

    "Oh, I heard that many people died at that time." Zhao Kuanghuan sighed, but he was not really touched. The environment in which he grew up was destined to be separated from the bottom masses.

    Li Yong said: "I have already figured it out. The trespassers and the eight thieves raised troops because of natural disasters and man-made disasters. I really can't live anymore. What must be remembered is not the revenge of killing the father, but how to achieve the peace of the country and the people. People have  If you have food and clothing, you will not follow the rebellion, and you will be able to prevent more people from being destroyed."

    Zhao Kuanghuan nodded and said, "You are right."

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