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- The Manila galleon is actually a Spanish galleon.
Seventy years ago, during the Longqing period of the Ming Dynasty, Spain opened the route from America to East Asia.
Silk and porcelain from China, cotton cloth and precious stones from India were transported to Manila by merchants from various countries, and sold directly to the Americas by galleons. Silver, cocoa, and wool from the Americas were transported to Manila by galleons and exchanged for various Asian goods.
Zhang Juzheng's Ming tax reform would have been absolutely impossible to succeed without the American silver brought in by galleons. In other words, the content of the reform is different, and silver cannot become the mainstream currency in China.
At the same time, the Manila galleon trade directly crushed the American raw silk industry!
During the Zhengde and Jiajing years, Spain had already developed the silk weaving industry in America. After Chinese raw silk was transported there, American raw silk was quickly eliminated because Chinese raw silk was of high quality and low price.
Today, the market share of the American silk industry has been absolutely monopolized by Chinese raw silk.
?Only one silk weaving factory in Mexico employs 14,000 workers, and all the raw materials are raw silk from China. These American silks will be shipped to Europe for sale, and the price is lower than that of Chinese silk, and they are very popular among middle- and lower-class nobles and middle-class businessmen.
It can be understood that Chinese silk is a foreign product, while American silk is a domestic product, and domestic products are definitely not as good as foreign products.
Due to the popularity of Chinese goods, Spanish products were crowded out in the Americas. King Philip II of Spain ordered to restrict the trade of galleons fifty years ago. It is stipulated that there should be no more than two galleons to Mexico every year, and the cargo capacity of each ship should not exceed 300 tons.
This restriction was obviously taken advantage of, and instead became a means for colonial officials to make money.
?The governor of New Spain is even more powerful. Forty years ago, he ordered the prohibition of silkworm farming and silk weaving in Mexico. Mexican silk factories can only use raw silk from China!
Also fifty years ago, the cotton cloth produced in China had already destroyed the Philippine cotton textile industry.
Therefore, the Governor of the Philippines ordered that the aborigines be prohibited from buying Chinese clothing materials. Two years after the ban was issued, the Philippine governor was killed by Chinese mercenaries.
The Spanish Filipino colonists had extremely complicated attitudes towards the Chinese.
On the positive side, they need the Chinese to trade, the Chinese to build the city, and the Chinese to keep the city running.
On the negative side, they hate dumping by Chinese businessmen, and they hate Chinese businessmen destroying industries in the Philippines and Mexico.
By the way, the ban on cotton cloth in China has been maintained to this day.
?Chinese cotton cloth and silk are not allowed to be sold to native Filipinos, but are only allowed to be sold to official trading posts in the Philippines. This caused the profits of Chinese maritime merchants to be damaged. Even without this massacre, as long as Zhao Han is willing to send troops, there must be merchants helping the emperor to fight the war!
In the waters west of Manila, a large-scale naval battle kicked off.
Six Spanish galleons, 16 small warships, and nearly 100 warships from China, the Netherlands, Brunei, and Sulu.
Brunei and Sulu are all old-fashioned galleys, and the tonnage is very small, which can be ignored directly.
The Dutch navy quickly circled to the west, and the Chinese navy deployed formations to the east and north. The fleets of the two countries attempted to surround the Spanish fleet on three sides.
"Boom boom boom!"
Before the siege was completed, both sides began shelling.
In the 18th minute of the battle, a Chinese warship was severely damaged and tried to leave the battlefield very slowly.
In the 32nd minute, a Spanish warship was hit by several times its own firepower. The bow of the ship was directly battered, and even the captain was crushed by shells.
"Stop bombarding, join the gang, and deal with the red-haired ghost's boat first!"
When the second Chinese warship suffered heavy damage, Zheng Zhilong asked the adjutant to play the semaphore. The Chinese navy's warships are too fragile, and it is difficult to win in artillery battles. It is more cost-effective to directly engage in side-to-side battles.
The Dutch Navy also likes to take on board, especially when facing Spain.
The Chinese and Dutch coalition forces rushed up almost at the same time.
The Spanish fleet fought and ran, not letting itself be surrounded, and avoiding side-to-side battles with the enemy.
Both sides are chasing after each other, from Manila Bay to Mindoro Island.
Mindoro, the Spanish literal translation is "gold mine", Song and Ming called it "Mayi country".
"Throw the grapple!"
Hong Xu, Vice Admiral of the Shanghai Navy, shouted excitedly while holding the binoculars. Due to the interception of the Dutch, he finally caught up with a Spanish warship.
Hong Xu is a member of Shibazhi, an old pirate who roams the South China Sea. In the past few years, in addition to transporting food, I have been fishing, and I have occasionally led the fleet to cruise, and I have been suffocated for a long time.superior.
When the second Datong army climbed up, Zhang Hai had been injured in three places all over his body, and he still stood firm on the ship's side to stop the enemy.
"kill!"
The third Datong sailor boarded the ship. Zhang Hai had been injured in five places, and was still fighting there bloody.
The fourth Datong soldier boarded the boat. Zhang Hai lost his strength and collapsed.
The Dutch are also doing the same, and the Dutch flagship is eyeing a 700-ton galleon. Compared with the Dutch army, the Dutch navy is not afraid of death, and climbs repeatedly with bullets.
It's a pity that there are too few Dutch people, and they can't afford to die.
Several Dutch warships surrounded the port, and after paying hundreds of casualties, they decisively chose to give up.
The Chinese navy values ??ships, and it doesn't matter if hundreds or thousands of soldiers are killed if they can snatch the galleons.
There are only so many Dutch sailors in the Far East, and one death is one less.
Hundreds of naval casualties have seriously damaged the vitality of the Netherlands, and it is a hundred times more distressing than the death of a thousand troops. Because the Dutch army can be recruited casually in the colonies, but the navy often has to be replenished from Europe.
Seeing that the galleon was surrounded but let go by the Dutch, Zheng Zhilong put down the binoculars and cursed: "These red-haired ghosts really don't know how to fight, they are all fucking idiots!"
"Boom boom boom!"
The big guy with a displacement of 1,200 tons is still showing off, and another Chinese warship is crumbling.
More than 400 Chinese sailors who besieged the galleon have been killed one after another. The Dutch gave up directly, and the Chinese navy was still desperately fighting. It is very likely that thousands of deaths would not be able to seize the ship.
At the same time, the commander of the Spanish navy was also frightened. He was afraid that his soldiers would be exhausted and that the musketeers would run out of ammunition.
When it was getting dark, the Dutch navy was the first to withdraw from the siege, and Zheng Zhilong had no choice but to withdraw from the siege.
In a naval battle, 2 Spanish small warships were sunk, 11 were captured, and 1 500-ton Spanish galleon was captured. Seventeen warships of the Datong Navy were severely damaged, and five warships were sunk. Four warships of the Dutch Navy were severely damaged, and no ships were sunk.
The Chinese navy suffered heavy casualties, with more than 1,300 people killed, seriously injured, or missing.
Dutch Navy, killed, seriously injured, missing more than 200 people.
Of the six Spanish galleons, only the smallest one was captured by the Chinese navy, and all the rest went away.
If the usual style of play is followed, such a heavy loss, the Netherlands will directly choose to withdraw.
However, China will not withdraw! For the fastest update and error-free novel reading, please visit mobile phone: Recommend: .recommend - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
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