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Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in oicq.net -> Historic -> Imperial Pronoun Body 385 [Establishment of the Cabinet]
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- In the quiet room.
? Xu Ying, Huang Zongxi, and Wang Tiao took the guest seats, while Zhao Han sat alone in the main seat.
Huang Zongxi first said: "If Your Highness wants to restore the cabinet, should the Ten Caos be placed under the cabinet or should they be placed under the imperial power? The authority of the Ten Caos must be adjusted. If the Ten Caos are placed under the Cabinet, I am afraid that they should have the right to review, otherwise It became the mouthpiece of the cabinet."
Wang Tiaoding laughed and said: "If the Ten Caos have the power of review, it will go back to the system of three provinces and six ministries in the Tang Dynasty. The cabinet is the Zhongshu Province, the Ten Caos are the subordinate provinces, and the ministries are the Ministers. They are exactly the same, and the powers and responsibilities have not changed. "
Xu Ying said: "If the Ten Caos are separated, the Secretary Academy must be re-established, otherwise the emperor will become blind and let the civil and military officials decide."
Huang Zongxi said: "If the secretariat is re-established, once it encounters a slack king, the secretariat will definitely evolve into a ceremonial supervisor controlled by civil servants. At that time, the cabinet will become a mouthpiece, and the secretariat will become a new cabinet. Great Ming Dynasty The cabinet was originally the emperor's secretariat!"
The three of them continued to argue, Zhao Han felt helpless.
The imperial power and the power of the prime minister are so irreconcilable, and there has always been a relationship between one and the other.
Zhao Han does not set up a cabinet now, the Ten Caos directly obey Zhao Han's orders, and the six ministries carry out the orders conveyed by the Ten Caos, which means that the imperial power and the prime minister's power are integrated, which is what Zhu Yuanzhang did back then.
This state certainly cannot last long, requiring the emperor to work more than ten hours a day. When encountering a lot of things, the emperor may work twelve hours a day.
Zhao Han is exhausted now!
And Zhao Han's descendants, who can work eight hours a day, can already be called diligent kings, and they must divide the power of the prime minister.
The more the prime minister's power is distributed, the more opportunities the future emperor will have to neglect his administration. And the cabinet that has won the prime minister will not be satisfied with the status quo, but will only demand more and more power.
Just like the system of three provinces and six ministries in the Tang Dynasty, it was originally divided into three powers. As a result, first Zhongshu and Menxia provinces took away the ministerial power of Shangshu province. Then the two provinces of Zhongshu and Menxia merged, and were reunited into one by the three-point prime minister.
The cabinet in the early Ming Dynasty was nothing more than a secretarial and advisory body, pulling the Imperial Academy to seize power together.
When the cabinet successfully seized power, it kicked the Imperial Academy away, and the emperor could only use eunuchs to distribute the power. When the cabinet was unable to fight the eunuchs, it even ran to get involved in the power of the ministry (executive power), and took over the six departments responsible for review, signing, refutation, and communication as dogs.
Civil officials are unreliable, and eunuchs are also unreliable.
Once the emperor reused eunuchs, the eunuchs immediately trembled and didn't want to do business at all, just making money crazily with power. Because the eunuchs who were doing serious business did not end well, they must be blamed for the emperor!
Whenever there is an emperor who reuses eunuchs, the civil servants will counterattack after the new emperor succeeds, and take the opportunity to make Xiangquan stronger.
How to balance and restrict?
There is no way to balance, no way to restrict!
It is impossible for Zhao Han to form a parliament, and it is impossible for ordinary people to participate in the parliament. Maybe it was possible at the beginning of the founding of the country, but after two or three generations, there are only interest groups left in the parliament. For their own interests, they must disregard the interests of the country and the people.
Zhao Han sighed and said: "I will stop arguing, try to do it first, and adjust slowly in the future. The emperor and the cabinet will manage the ten cao."
? Xu Ying, Wang Diaoding, and Huang Zongxi looked at each other in blank dismay. This is fun, it is the Tang Dynasty's Three Provinces and Six Departments System in disguise.
The cabinet is responsible for making decisions on major issues, the Ten Caos are responsible for reviewing and issuing policies, and the ministries are responsible for implementing policies.
In the Ming Dynasty, the chief inspector was fighting with the cabinet, and in Zhao Han, the cabinet was fighting with the Ten Caos.
Again, there is no perfect system.
What the hell will it look like in the future, let the future generations have a headache, and the monarchs and ministers of future generations will make adjustments themselves.
Xu Ying suddenly said: "The future examinations for female officials should be in charge of the inner court itself."
"It's natural," Zhao Han said with a smile, "Not only is the inner court in charge, but the women who apply for the exam must be middle school graduates from all over the country. After setting up a university, they must even be college graduates."
In Zhao Han's vision, graduating from primary school, middle school, and university is similar to obtaining the corresponding imperial examination qualifications.
A very strict public examination is organized every year. Those who pass the examination can become officials, and those who fail the examination will not be given preferential treatment by gentry.
?Women are not restricted from taking public examinations, but under the influence of traditional concepts, I am afraid that not many women can become officials, and even if they become officials, it will be difficult to get promoted normally. Examination for female officials in the inner court is another way that Zhao Han left for them. After serving as an official in the inner court for a few years, they can resign and return to the common people, which can be regarded as a layer of gold in the imperial city.
??The allocation of funds is used as the emperor's internal funds. If the amount of internal funds is to be adjusted, the cabinet, ten Caos, and ten ministries must jointly discuss. "
Fei Chun asked: "Is the royal family's expenses purchased with domestic money, or is it provided by the people?"
"The inner court spends money to buy it." Zhao Han said.
The imperial expenses of the Ming Dynasty are three-in-one of self-manufacture, purchase and supply.
Self-made means that the inner court opened its own factory to manufacture, and Huangzhuang farmed real estate grain, and the maids even spun cloth.
Private supply is the customs duty of various places, directly collecting some real objects, such as wood, and sending some of them to the palace. There is also taxation on specific objects, collected by eunuchs from all over the country, and handed over directly to the inner court.
In addition to purchasing, it was a mess anyway.
The more chaotic and complicated it is, the more eunuchs and officials can profit from it!
Zhao Han's idea is very simple. The national treasury allocates funds to the inner court every year, and the inner court uses the money to buy things. Although there will definitely be tricks during the purchasing process, it is still more transparent than eunuchs running around to mess around.
Today, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, the total annual fiscal revenue of the seven provinces is more than 13 million taels of silver.
This statistic is incomplete, because many farmers pay grain directly, and the total real taxes are estimated to exceed 16 million taels.
Among them, industrial and commercial taxes and tariffs are growing rapidly and will definitely continue to increase in the future.
?Only the five major ports of Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, and Macau have an annual tariff income of more than 5 million taels. The tariff increase in Shanghai is particularly fast, and it is very likely to double next year!
In addition, after the reform of the salt law, the salt tax is also increasing.
? In the Lianghuai Salt Fields, the sun-dried salt method has been basically popularized. This stuff was invented in the Fujian and Guangdong saltworks in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but it has not been able to be extended to Lianghuai because the seawater on the Lianghuai side has a lower salt content.
? Xu Guangqi improved the salt drying method during the Tianqi period, so that the Lianghuai Salt Fields could also dry salt.
Unfortunately, bureaucracy and slow promotion.
?After becoming privately owned, it took only one year for the Lianghuai Salt Fields to use the sun-dried salt method.
If the people's livelihood in northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui can be restored, Zhao Han's annual income may reach 20 million taels next year in the seven provinces alone!
With money, being an emperor is worthwhile, and he will be enthroned in half a month!
(The fiscal revenue of the Ming Dynasty was actually not as bad as imagined. Even after a whipping law, a large amount of in-kind taxes were retained. Adding up these in-kind taxes, the annual revenue of the Ming Dynasty must be more than 10 million taels, and may even exceed 15 million taels .)
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