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Body 157 [Theory of Family, Country and World]

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    ,

    After Huang Shunfu was transferred to the General Military Mansion, the new magistrate of Luling County was called Li Ke.

    This person's education is not high, but he was born as a child.

    However, he followed Zhao Han very early, and he was a self-cultivator in Li Jiaguai.  In the early days, he assisted in the distribution of fields, then joined the missionary group, then became the mayor of the town, and then transferred to the county government. It is a matter of course to succeed the county magistrate.

    "Meet the general town!" Li Ke cupped his hands.

    Zhao Han smiled and said, "Please sit down."

    "Mr. Xie." Li Ke sat up straight.

    "I read the brochure you handed over," Zhao Han asked, "How did you solve the problem of peasant marriage before?"

    There was a big mistake in the division of fields in the three counties.

    ? As long as they are twelve years old, both men and women have land to divide.  But what if the girl gets married?  Should the land under her name belong to her natal family or her husband's family?

    According to equality between men and women, it is naturally owned by the woman herself, and she can take it wherever she marries.

    But how could the woman's family agree!

    Li Ke replied: "Changing land to get married, people of two families marry both a daughter and a daughter-in-law."

    Zhao Han frowned and said: "There is only a daughter in the family, or only a son, isn't it impossible to get married?"

    Li Ke said, "It's hard."

    Zhao Han immediately called Chen Maosheng, and after explaining the situation, he asked, "Why didn't you tell me about such a big mistake in Tian Zheng?"

    Chen Maosheng was also very surprised and explained: "At the beginning of the division of the land, everyone was very happy, and they didn't say it was not good for marriage. After that, I was transferred to the General Military Office, and I didn't know much about the things below, and no one reported it.  situation."

    Zhao Han had no countermeasures for a while, and ordered: "Immediately inform the mission group and the farmers' association, and let them collect more opinions from farmers to see how to solve this problem."

    This is a big loophole. The family who raises a daughter will suffer, which may lead to the reluctance of the daughter to marry, because the daughter will take the field away.

    ? New China's land administration is based on the village group as a unit, and the total amount is divided equally among the villagers.  The deceased took back the land, and the newborn immediately divided the fields.

    But Zhao Han can't do that!

    The land equalization system of the Sui and Tang Dynasties has left a lesson for the past. With the control of the grassroots in ancient times, it is impossible to recover the land of the deceased, which is almost equivalent to re-dividing the land every year.  Public land in the Sui and Tang dynasties was also redistributed to farmers every year. In order to save trouble, grassroots officials simply kept it the same every year.  As a result, the deceased's land could not be recovered, and the newly grown Ding Tian could not be distributed, and finally the Tang Dynasty's finances were ruined.

    The Peasant Association is only a transitional product, without any official position at all.  Once it brings corruption to the official position, and overlaps with the effectiveness of village and town institutions, the government cannot afford so much salary.  However, if official positions are not given, the enthusiasm of the peasant association cadres will also fade as time goes by.

    Therefore, sooner or later, the peasant association will be abolished, or it will die out naturally, and all affairs in the village will eventually belong to the village head.

    What Zhao Han was thinking at the time was that instead of allocating land to corruption in the future, it is better to take advantage of the full control now and directly distribute the land to farmers as private property.

    In this way, it is guaranteed that each farmer has a few acres of land, and even if they have a few more children, they can live on.  After the territory expands, the excess population will be moved to the war-torn areas in the north.

    In this way, decades of rural stability can be achieved. At that time, land conflicts will be transferred overseas step by step.

    Really, if a land government can be implemented smoothly and ensure the stability of the countryside for decades, it is already considered a very powerful policy.

    From ancient times to the present, no regime has been able to maintain land administration purely by agriculture.

    The development of New China into the 21st century also uses industry to eliminate land conflicts.  Due to the increasing population, many newborns in rural areas have been unable to divide their fields.

    The industry in the 17th century was not good. The early industrial revolution not only failed to alleviate land conflicts, but also accelerated land annexation!

    There was so much land in North America at the beginning. After the industrial revolution, a large number of farmers had no land to cultivate, because capital annexed land too fast.  It can only rely on continuous expansion and seizure of Indian territory to divert conflicts.

    The same is true in Britain. Before the Glorious Revolution, the king opposed the enclosure movement because it was not conducive to the king's collection of agricultural taxes.

    It was the great development of British industry that led to capitalists crazily annexing land, and the king would overthrow the king if it was an eyesore, so the land enclosure movement intensified-if it had been done in China, the farmers would have rebelled long ago.  British farmers rebelled, of course, but the population was too small to be easily suppressed by the nobles.

    The land enclosure movement caused a large number of landless peasants to flock to the cities to work and earn a living.  The scale of the industry in the UK can't bear it, so it can only enact strict laws, and steal a piece of bread.surname.  "

    "If a country wants to have fiscal control, direct taxation must be stable."

    "In today's world, direct taxation has been destroyed. First of all, the land, a small group of people, occupy the vast majority of the land. They can avoid taxes, they can evade taxes, and even if they can't escape, they can pass on to tenants, turning direct taxation into indirect taxation  .¡±

    "Secondly, there is the poll tax. Since the abolishment of the whip law, the poll tax has been collected completely indiscriminately. A large number of people have taken shelter from the gentry, hiding the population to escape the poll tax. This has caused a small number of people to bear the poll tax of the entire country!"

    "The imperial court's finances are not stable, the people are suffering unspeakably, and all the wealth has been taken by those big clans."

    "If the imperial court doesn't have enough tax revenue, they can't raise soldiers. If the soldiers don't have enough to eat, how can they fight the Tartars? The more they can't beat the Tartars, the more they have to extort money to raise soldiers."

    "The imperial court extorted and extorted money. If the people could not survive, they would rise up and rebel. The Northwest bandits who were the first to rebel were forced to revolt. This made the imperial court send troops to suppress the rebellion. The more troops used, the more financially exhausted they would be.  Excessive taxation and excessive collection will arouse more people to rebel."

    "Drinking poison to quench thirst!"

    "As a result, we have come to the current situation."

    "The emperor, the clan, and corrupt officials are not the only ones who disrupt the country. The gentry and gentry in the world are all to blame!"

    "Why should I divide the land? Because if I don't divide the land, not only will the country be destroyed, but the whole world will be destroyed, and tens of thousands of families will be destroyed! Let's see, which big family can save their lives in the place where the Northwest bandits passed by? It is Yichun  , Yongxin counties are also killing landlords and rebelling, if you don¡¯t believe me, go to Yongxin County to see for yourself!¡±

    "Gentlemen present, do you want me to divide the land. Or do you want the world to turn against you and take away all your wealth and lives?"

    "The family, the country, and the world are actually one. Everyone only cares about the family, and only cares about their own family, then the country will perish, and the world will perish. If the world perishes, the small furniture will disappear, and the family will not survive!"

    ""

    Pang Chunlai, Li Banghua, and Song Yingxing thought they had a thorough understanding of the situation in Ming Dynasty.

    However, Zhao Han's views on direct taxation and indirect taxation made them feel fresh and new. The previous vague views were theoretically summarized.

    Li Banghua sighed: "It's really enlightening to say that in the world of my family and country!"

    Pang Chunlai turned to Wang Tiaoding and said, "Bohe has outstanding literary talents, you can polish this article and spread it in Jiujiang and Nanchang cities."
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