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Chapter 1853: Technical Introduction

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    If other factors are not considered, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen should be the most suitable rocket fuels.  When burning, it has the greatest calorific value.  Under the same weight, the energy they burn is the highest.  But the problem is also the biggest.  One of the most important issues is that these two raw materials are stored at low temperature.  After all, both are gases at room temperature.  Only when the two gases are liquefied into liquids can they be conveniently stored and used.  Otherwise, the volume of the rocket will become very large, but only the low temperature will liquefy the two liquid gases.  Therefore, to store liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, it requires double-layer vacuumized steel cylinders.  Even so, during use, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen will continue to vaporize.  Therefore, when launching rockets in later generations, it can be found that after the rocket is injected with fuel, the fuel pipe on the side is still inserted.  At the same time, white smoke will appear at the bottom of the rocket, which is because the liquid oxygen in it is continuously vaporizing.  Although some fuel will be lost in this way, as long as it is replenished, it will be fine.

    In addition to this problem, another problem is how to obtain it.  Among them, liquid oxygen is okay to say.  As long as the air is used, it can be completed by cooling the air into a liquid, and then according to the difference in the boiling points of oxygen and nitrogen, the two gases can be separated to leave oxygen, but it is not easy to produce hydrogen.  Even if it is produced by electrolysis of water, rare metals are required as electrode materials.  If coal and other materials are cracked to produce hydrogen, then it will not be particularly pure.  Unable to meet the needs of space rockets.

    So although theoretically speaking, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are the best to use.  In practice, however, rocket fuel is rarely used this way.  Germany uses liquid oxygen and alcohol.  Because Germany lacks fuel, alcohol can be brewed from grain.  For Germany, this is a more appropriate solution.  V2 missiles use this fuel.  Therefore, almost all the first-generation ballistic missiles in the world use this kind of fuel.  But this also has a downside.  Alcohol is drinkable except that its calorific value is relatively low.  So for missile soldiers on the battlefield, it is normal to draw some fuel to drink.  Not only old men did this, but even German veterans did this on the battlefield of World War II.

    Later, with the development of technology, there were two routes, one was the liquid oxygen kerosene engine.  Whether it is the Apollo moon landing rocket or China's Long March 5 rocket, they all follow the route of liquid oxygen kerosene engines.  The other is normal temperature fuel.  After various comparisons, it can be found that the combination of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitric acid is more suitable for use as fuel.

    However, this fuel has another disadvantage, that is, one is highly corrosive and the other is highly toxic.  So rockets made with this fuel are also called poison rockets.  When refueling, rocket soldiers are required to wear gas masks.

    However, in this day and age, gas masks are already a regular item.  Compared with the fuel method of liquid oxygen that needs to be stored at low temperature, it should be more in line with the needs.  Take China as an example. Except for the initial use of alcohol and liquid oxygen, a series of rockets developed later are almost all based on unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and nitric acid.  It was not until the Long March 5 that the liquid oxygen kerosene engine was used.

    Now, Mr. Qian asked Qin Baoshan.  Qin Baoshan's answer blurted out, which surprised him very much.  Because these things are simply not within the scope of their consideration.  Qin Baoshan was able to say it so easily.  Why is he so sure?

    "Nitric acid is very corrosive. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine is very toxic. Is it really okay to use these as raw materials for rockets?" Mr. Qian asked.  Here, it is impolite for them to raise these questions. This is their suspicion of Qin Baoshan.  But Qin Baoshan didn't feel offended.  Of course he knew that Mr. Qian paid too much attention to these things, that's why he was so cautious.  After all, until now, no one has used these solutions.  He smiled and said to Mr. Qian: "This is my personal understanding, of course. You experts need to consider what to choose. I am just offering a suggestion."

    Qin Baoshan is not a rocket expert, he just has the experience of later generations, so he can say these things directly, and he can't guarantee anything.

    But since he brought up these things, Mr. Qian will definitely pay attention to them.  As long as you experiment with these things, you can find that many problems can be solved.

    Low-temperature liquid oxygen is inconvenient to store, and these two are conventional fuels anyway.  Just harden the joints of the various fuel lines and you should be able to use these things safely.

    Mr. Qian nodded, thought of something, and continued to ask Qin Baoshan: "What do you think is the most difficult technology in making rockets?"

    If it is for ordinary people, what else is there to say?  The most difficult thing in rocket technology must be the engine.  But QinBaoshan knew in his heart that in fact, compared with the engine, there was one more thing that was very difficult, and that was the fuel pump.

    A rocket may contain dozens or even hundreds of tons of fuel.  But it only takes a few minutes for the rocket to launch into outer space.  Therefore, within a few minutes, dozens or even hundreds of tons of fuel must be sprayed into the engine for combustion.  This requires a powerful fuel pump to pump all the fuel into the engine.  The German v2 rocket took this issue into consideration during the design stage. Dr. Lawn researched almost all the water pumps available in Germany, and finally designed a qualified product.

    At this time, Mr. Qian was beside him, and Qin Baoshan knew that he probably would not have the opportunity to contact him again in the future, so even though he is such a self-taught expert, he should not have a lot of professional knowledge.  But Qin Baoshan still didn't hide it, and told the key points.

    "The rocket needs to blow a lot of fuel into the engine in a short time. So the rocket needs a powerful fuel pump. Only a turbo pump can achieve this goal, but how to drive the turbo pump is another big problem. I think you can use another  A steam generation system independent of the engine, for example, can use 80% hydrogen peroxide solution and sodium permanganate solution. Mixing these two solutions can generate high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which can then be used  The pressure of the high-pressure nitrogen storage tank pushes the two liquids together, and the high-temperature steam they generate drives the turbine to rotate. At the other end of the shaft, a turbo pump is driven to blow the fuel in. This system requires at least three hundred  The power of the horsepower, the blade must have at least five thousand revolutions per minute." (Remember the website website: www.hlnovel.com
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