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Text Chapter 426 Summer of May Fourth (5)

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    "Classmates, classmates, everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. Just last night, the corrupt and incompetent Prime Minister Qian Nengxiang secretly sent a secret telegram to Representative Lu Zhengxiang to sign at the Paris Peace Conference. This was seemingly given to me by my fellow Fujianese who works in the telegraph office.  The manuscript of the telegram said, "Jiaozhou has perished, Shandong has perished, the country is no longer a country, and there is no day left for the country to perish. We are willing to unite with the 40 million people to fight to the death." This was the early morning of the third day of May in the eighth year of the Republic of China, standing at the door of the National Foreign Affairs Committee.  Director Lin Changmin made an impassioned speech.  What has been waiting at the door are patriotic students from various universities in the capital. When Britain and France decided to transfer China's Shandong to Japan, the news that Qian Nengxun secretly instructed the Chinese delegation in Paris to sign undoubtedly exploded the final thoughts of the patriotic students.  bottom line.  Lin Changmin publicly announced the decision of the National Diplomacy Committee: 1. The National Assembly will be held in Central Park on May 7, and all provinces and groups will be held on the same day; 2. Declaration not to recognize Article 21 and Britain, France, Italy and Japan.  A secret agreement on the settlement of the Shandong issue; 3. If our country¡¯s claims cannot be upheld in the peace conference, we will ask the government to withdraw the envoy; 4. State the opinions of the people to the embassies of Britain, the United States, France and Italy.  But what Lin Changmin and others did not expect was that on May 4, the next day, the May 4th student movement, which shocked China and foreign countries, broke out.  On the afternoon of May 4, 1919, more than 3,000 patriotic students from 12 schools in Beijing held demonstrations, and the May Fourth Movement broke out.  In fact, on the evening of May 3, Peking University students held a student meeting at the Law Department Auditorium of Beiheyan, and invited representatives from 13 secondary schools in Beijing to participate. The student representatives participating in the meeting included: President of the Beijing Student Association, Beijing Middle School  Duan Xipeng, President of the Student Association of the above schools and President of the National Federation of Students, Luo Jialun, Fang Hao, Luo Zhanglong, Wang Zhizhi, Zhang Guotao, Fu Sinian, Deng Zhongxia, Xu Deyan, Gao Junyu, Luo Longji, Wang Zaoshi, Chen Changtong, He Haoruo, Qu Qiubai, Wen  Yiduo, Zheng Zhenduo, Liu Renjing and others decided to hold a demonstration on Tiananmen Square on the 4th (Sunday).  At 10 a.m. on May 4, 1919, students from each school held a meeting to agree on the parade route. At 1 p.m., more than 3,000 students from Beijing gathered in Tiananmen Square and hung a blood letter from Peking University students "Give Me Back Qingdao" on the spot. The procession marched to the embassy area and was attacked by  The patrol blocked the student representatives' request to meet with the ministers of the four countries. Only the American embassy staff accepted the students' submissions, while the British, French and Italian embassies refused to accept it. At this point, Zhang Zuolin's office did not even say anything. It is said that Zhang Yushuai was busy rubbing his hands.  Mahjong. After all, it was just students making trouble. In his opinion, mutiny was more dangerous. When Yang Yuting reported the matter to him, Zhang Yuyu actually asked: "Yu Ting, have we paid all the wages for this month?"  Brothers below, nothing will happen if you don't make trouble." Zhang Zuolin actually has such a mentality. You can only imagine how slow Beijing's top leaders will be in responding to the student movement.  But the students acted quickly. Unlike in history, Cao Rulin went to serve in the Southern National Government after Duan Qirui's collapse. Strictly speaking, he did not participate much in the Nishiyuan loan, so he successfully escaped this student movement, but  Liang Shiyi, Lu Zongyu, Zhang Zongxiang and other officials from the transportation department who defected to Fengjun were not so lucky. Lin Changmin and others unceremoniously passed on to them the responsibility for signing the contract with Japan, and the students were naturally unceremonious.  I have to settle accounts with them.  The funniest thing is that Liang Shiyi actually moved into the Zhaojialou mansion that Cao Rulin resold after he went south.  So Hunan student Kuang Husheng took the lead and rushed into the Liang Mansion in Zhaojialou. The situation instantly got out of control. They did not catch Liang Shiyi, but they succeeded in catching Zhang Zongxiang who was a guest at Liang Shiyi's house. A group fight was inevitable.  In Chinese history, the status of scholars has always been high. There is a saying that "everything is of inferior quality, only reading is high". Scholars are often called "masters of learning". Zhang Ming discussed this in "Beiyang Fission": Late  During the Qing Dynasty, soldiers did not dare to easily enter the school to cause trouble, even if there was a revolutionary party in the school that needed to be searched. After entering the Republic of China, this situation of the military and police being afraid of students did not disappear. Even with orders from above, the military and police were in  They still shrank in front of the students and were afraid of others. They respected the students as masters and said that we are Qiu Ba and you are Qiu Jiu. They are a generation older than us. The military and police not only stopped arresting students, but also tried their best to persuade students not to go out to give lectures.  "There were even those who knelt down and begged." The military and police at that time were also in a difficult position. They wanted to maintain order but did not dare to take action. As a result, they could only cowardly and passively accept the students' attacks. On the day of May 4th, the infantry commander Li Changtai persuaded them to gather  As the students dispersed in Tiananmen Square, one student called him a "traitor." He replied: "You are patriotic. Don't we officials not be patriotic and have to give up our place to others?" He also expressed his willingness to serve the country.  The students expressed their opinions, but asked them not to use barbaric methods. When the students replied that they were extremely civilized, the officer got in the car and said:Go.  When students broke into Zhao's building and set fire to the house, the heavily armed military police were unmoved. Zhang Zongxiang was severely beaten by the students and injured in more than 50 places on his body. However, the dozens of armed military police present were helpless. He  Someone nearby called the police for help, and the patrol officer replied: "We dare not beat (students) without the order of the superior officer." At that time, Li Changtai caught a few stragglers doing errands. When it came time to testify, none of the military and police officers present were willing to come out.  Even the military police who were injured by the students were unwilling to testify against the students. They claimed that there were thousands of students at the time. "They could not see clearly on the spot and could not prove it afterwards."  It should be said that compared with later generations, the Beijing military and police in this era are still a group of conscientious people, a group of conscientious people.  However, the burning of Zhaojialou obviously exceeded the expectations of the military and police. If they did not arrest people, they would not be able to explain themselves. So on May 4th, the Beijing military and police arrested a total of more than 30 students. That night, the police  President Xu Shichang rejected the request made by Lin Changmin and others to release the arrested students, and the next situation became out of control.  On May 5, 1919, all colleges and universities in Beijing went on strike.  On the same day, Sun Wen, Chairman of the National Government, sent a message to Xu Shichang, President of the Central Government, in the name of the National Government: "I have recently heard that the massacre in the capital was a patriotic act to preserve sovereignty. However, the government went too far and arrested many students, which was unwise.  I hope he will be released as soon as possible and dealt with properly. "Xu Shichang was so angry that he vomited blood when he saw Sun Wen's telegram. This president of the central government is really a different person inside and outside.  Large-scale demonstrations broke out in Wuhan, Nanjing, and Shanghai to support Beijing's patriotic students. Wang Zhenyu did not order a ban on the demonstrations, but in order to prevent anyone from taking the opportunity to cause trouble, he ordered all military police and security forces to be on standby.  At the same time, the Nationalist Government ordered all universities under its jurisdiction to strictly prohibit students from joining forces and allowed them to go north to support the patriotic student movement. However, it was strictly forbidden to organize strikes within the jurisdiction of the Nationalist Government and other activities that disrupted the normal order of social life. For this reason, Xiong Xiling, Prime Minister of the Government Affairs Council, announced on the newly established Nanjing Radio  The radio station gave a speech saying that on the Shandong issue, the National Government will remain consistent with the patriotic students in Beijing.  At the same time, Wang Zhenyu convened consecutive meetings with senior military generals from this day on, and ordered the Youth Army, which had just completed its expansion, to enter a state of mobilization. With Xuzhou and Zhengzhou as assembly points, a large number of Youth Army troops and military supplies began to move.  At the same time, Dai Li became the director of the Shandong Station of the National Security Bureau, and a large number of agents entered the Shandong area to conduct secondary collection and sorting of the local situation.  Japan also expressed close concern about the outbreak of violence in Beijing and began to frequently put pressure on Zhang Zuolin.  Zhang Zuolin was obviously unlucky. He lost a lot of money and was in a bad mood. If his subordinates hadn't stopped him, he might have ordered all the students he caught to be shot. He was not a Qiu Ba. He was a bandit.  In the eyes of bandits, intellectuals are worthless and worthless.  Yang Yuting was the one who tried to persuade Zhang Zuolin: "Yushuai, don't kill those students. Once you take action, the popularity caused by our taking back the Middle Road will be gone. We cannot stand firmly in Beijing with the support of the Japanese alone."  , look at how Nanfang has expressed its position in the past two days, which is consistent with the students in Beijing. If you kill these students, all the popularity will be given to them. " Zhang Zuolin was furious: "Then what you say,  I can't help it. Qingdao is right there. If those southern guys want to be truly patriotic, they can do it themselves. Grandma, who can't sit there and shout patriotic? This bullshit central government doesn't pay even a few cents in taxes.  If you want me to give you money, the most terrible thing is this bullshit sovereignty. Whatever the big powers free up is all on my head, Lao Zhang. If I had known that this situation would be like this, I might as well have stayed in the Northeast and let the fucking Sun  King Wen Zhenyu is sitting on the throne in Beijing, now it's time for them to burn their butts." After cursing for a while, Zhang Zuolin looked at his subordinates and sighed: "Then you guys think about it, what should we do now?  Only then can I deal with this situation." Yang Yuting thought for a while and came up with a solution: "Yushuai, the only way for now is to release those students first, calm the situation, and then have someone come forward.  Let¡¯s mediate with the Japanese government to see if we can ease the situation, and at the same time try to fight for it at the Paris Peace Conference. This approach by Britain and France is really pushing us into the pit of fire.¡± Qian Nengxun, who has already been accused of being a traitor prime minister, smiled bitterly.  Said: "Brother Linge is joking, Britain, France and Japan are so easy to get along with. Apart from other things, this Shandong problem, when Yu Shuai came to Beijing, the Xiyuan loan was completely taken over. This  The loans all come with Shandong conditions. Now that I have said no, the Japanese can agree. " Zhang Zuolin finally thought of this, slapped his forehead and shouted: "Oh??Mom pulled a button and fell into the trap of little Japan.  "
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