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Text 370 The tumultuous end of the year

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    At the end of the year, the world was not peaceful. In addition to the revolution in Romania, there was also a war in Panama, the chokepoint of Central America.  The United States once again held high the banner of interventionism and invaded Panama, which was actually to ensure its own interests in the region.

    The ups and downs in Panama are ultimately the result of the influence of the Truman Doctrine in the United States.  At the beginning of the 2nd century, the United States encouraged Panama to become independent from Colombia. Later, it obtained the qualification to build the Panama Canal and openly stationed an American governor in the canal zone.

    The status of the Panama Canal is self-evident. The United States has huge strategic interests here, and it is also one of the important bargaining chips for the United States to control its influence in the Americas. The political situation in Panama has always been unstable, and the United States has been sparing no effort to intervene in the situation in Panama.  In 1978, the then Panamanian military dictator Toljos signed an agreement with then U.S. President Carter, commonly known as the "Democracy for Canal Agreement" - requiring the United States to  In exchange for a complete withdrawal of troops from the Panama Canal Zone, Panama will hold fully democratic elections.

    However, President Torhos was killed in a helicopter accident in 19Bl, and the planned election activities were not held as scheduled.  Panama then continued to repeat the story of military strongmen seizing power in coups, with five factions taking turns coming to power and being ousted, just like ordinary South American countries.

    At this time, a figure emerged. He was Colonel Noriega, then deputy commander of the Panama Defense Forces. This man had already had some contact with the CIA in the mid-1960s, but this gentleman did not listen to Americans very much.  Instead, he likes to engage in some outrageous activities, including drug smuggling, money laundering, selling U.S. military intelligence to Cuba, and so on.  There are also reports that he also has some relations with Colombia's M19 guerrillas.

    In the Panamanian presidential election in June this year, the presidential candidate Guillermo Endala jointly elected by the opposition parties won the election, but Noriega declared the election invalid and continued to serve as President of Panama.  The United States immediately announced sanctions on Panama, and then planned a mutiny against Noriega to seize power, but it ultimately failed.  Two days later, on February 15, this military dictator who seemed to have symptoms of mental retardation actually declared war with the United States On February 6, several American soldiers in civilian clothes were attacked by the Pakistani army on their way to Panama City.  The attack resulted in the death of a young U.S. military officer.  President Bush announced the start of Operation Just Cause.

    The United States launched Operation Just Cause against Panama in the early morning of February 2. The US military used the Bl17 Nighthawk stealth attack aircraft for the first time to drop two GHH laser-guided bombs in front of Rio Hato's headquarters, officially launching the campaign.  The age of invisibility.  However, the strike effect of the two Nighthawk attack aircraft was average. In fact, the US military had more of a verification idea.  Several laser-guided bombs did not cause much casualties to the Panamanians, but instead made the Panamanian army alert.

    Subsequently, when several American 130s arrived at the Rio Hato Airport, they were attacked by the Pakistani army using Soviet-made L4M anti-aircraft heavy machine guns. One 130 was hit and damaged an engine, but fortunately the Pakistani army's air defense capabilities were also  It was limited to anti-aircraft machine guns, so it did not cause any substantial losses to the US military.  As soon as the U.S. military saw that something was not going well, they immediately dispatched several more A130 aerial gunboats to suppress fire and provide reinforcements on the ground.  Then the injured transport plane finally dropped the commandos at a low altitude of 20 meters.  Because many commandos carrying a large amount of equipment landed on the hard runway, three of them were injured.

    After some fighting, the US military successfully occupied the Rio Hato Airport and used it as a fulcrum to begin sending more power to this area.

    A more intense battle took place on the battlefield where the US military attacked Panama's "26th Battalion". The US Army Task Force, supported by several A130 aerial gunships, wiped out a column of the Pakistani Army's 26th Battalion and destroyed a large number of armored vehicles.  It was also the only battle organized by the Pakistani army that threatened the US military during the war.

    In order to prevent Noriega from escaping, the US military sent SEAL Team 4 to capture the Puenta o Patilla Airport.  However, due to intelligence errors, the US military did not know that a large number of Pakistani troops had been stationed here. The SEALs, who were considered omnipotent, ended up losing their heads and six arms and were besieged miserably by the Pakistani army. At the critical moment, US military reinforcements arrived and finally rescued them.  .

    When the US military attacked the Panama headquarters, it also encountered relatively strong resistance. The US military also lost several armored vehicles and some personnel. However, the US military relied on its superior air firepower and the outstanding performance of the A13E helicopter unit to quickly complete the capture operation.  , however, serious collateral damage occurred during the exchange of fire, resulting in the death of 20 ordinary Panamanian civilians.

    The U.S. military occupied most of the important strongholds within hours, and there were only sporadic exchanges of fire in the following days.  Panamanians are also very capable of leading the way in helping the US military overthrow the Noriega regime.  Noriega fled to the Vatican embassy on Christmas Eve. When the US military found out, they used a high-decibel playback device to play M¡Ò's "No Escape" at the entrance of the Vatican embassy.

    ? ?Noriega, who finally became completely desperate, surrendered to General Thurman, commander of the US military in Pakistan, on January 1, 19UU.

    The muddy waters of Panama have not reached the point of blending together. After all, the Americas are too far away, and China's power is not enough to radiate into the Bald Eagle's backyard. At first, he planned to let Ximu go to Panama to create trouble for the United States, but  Later, I still felt that Ximu's backstage was too easy to see, which could easily make the United States dissatisfied with China and destroy the harmonious atmosphere between China and the United States created by Qi Yiming in advance.

    Therefore, Qi Yiming could only watch the United States bully a three-year-old Panamanian child in the image of a strong man, and thought to himself: "Let's see how many years your U.S. policy can continue."

    By this time, the Cold War was gradually coming to an end. Too many things happened in the second half of 2019. Eastern European countries fell one after another, or the revisionist CP took power more forcefully.  Poland held its first parliamentary election in the middle of the year and changed its name to the Republic of Poland at the end of the year.  In October, the Hungarian People's Republic also became the Republic of Hungary. The ruling Socialist Party changed its name to the Socialist Party, claiming to develop "democratic socialism". It decided to abolish the Presidium of the Republic as the collective head of state and implement a presidential system; establish a multi-party system and parliamentary democracy.  a state governed by the rule of law; provisions that eliminate the leadership role of Marxist-Leninist parties in state institutions.  In July, Bulgaria's leader Zhirkov, who had been in power for decades, was ousted from his throne and faced long-term house arrest. If nothing else goes wrong, Bulgaria will also change its name next year.

    Qi Yiming spent a lot of energy and resources to finally stabilize three countries that he thought still had hope, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Romania.  These three countries still maintain the leadership position of the CP. Although they have announced to varying degrees that they will relax their policies and actively protect human rights and democracy, it is foreseeable that their routes will be closer to China in the Far East in the future, and  Not those so-called socialist countries where Western political parties have rotated.

    Western countries, led by the United States, naturally do not welcome the Southern Czechoslovakia to complete drastic changes in this way. However, these three countries have all done the same thing, which is to arrest Western spies on a large scale, and for some reason, they also arrested  The results were so accurate that Western intelligence officers and agents were in panic for a while. Although the United States strongly condemned the arrests of the three countries, it did not have many solutions.  The arrest of Western agents was a move to drain the pot. Without these troublemakers, the control of society was strengthened, and with the support of China behind it, the situation in the three countries finally eased to varying degrees.

    Some Western scholars believe that the series of events this year cannot simply be characterized as these countries endorsing capitalism, but that people are tired of the exclusive rule of "truth" and tired of a closed world.  No expert or scholar can accurately predict these things. To be precise, these revolutions do not occur when authoritarian regimes are suppressing them, but when these countries seek reforms.  Thanks to some imprudent moves and Western push, the revolution eventually swallowed up the reform.

    At the end of the year, various things surprised and surprised people. On November 9, the new East German government began to plan to relax travel restrictions on the people of East Germany. G¨¹nther Schatz, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party,  Bowski misunderstood his superiors' orders and mistakenly announced that the Berlin Wall would be opened immediately. That night, a large number of East Germans first cautiously tried to cross, and finally the border guards allowed them to cross without even checking their documents.

    The next morning, the crossing of the Berlin Wall reached its climax.  When West Berliners heard about the opening of the Berlin Wall, they began to warmly welcome visitors from East Berlin on the other side of the Berlin Wall. Some relatives and friends who had been separated for decades met each other with tears in their eyes. People who knew each other and those who did not knew each other greeted each other.  There were hugs and greetings on the other side of the wall, and many nearby bars were offering free beer to people.

    From this day on, although the Berlin Wall has been opened, it has not yet been demolished. Some people began to chip away at the Berlin Wall as souvenirs. Later, these people were called "Wallpeckers".  Strong pressure caused the East German government to open more exits, bulldozers knocked down the walls, and people cheered and jumped for joy.  At first, the border guards were still stationed on the Berlin Wall and tried to repair the walls that had been damaged by the wall woodpeckers. In the end, they gave up trying and began to ignore the free crossing of East and West Berliners.  It was not until the summer of the following year that East Germany ordered the demolition of the Berlin Wall, and a period of history finally came to an end.

    On February 2nd at the end of the year, the Brandenburg Gate in East and West Berlin reopened. East German Prime Minister Modelo and West German Prime Minister Kohl greeted each other here with a friendly atmosphere. The reunification of the two Germanys has gone from people's minds.  Fantasy is gradually moving towards reality at high speed.

    Also in February, U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Gorbachev held a summit in Malta. Map Head announced at the summit: "We will no longer regard you as enemies." This sentence is similar to this sentence.  The summit is also considered to be a symbol of the end of the Cold War.
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