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Part One Chapter 1527 Universal Value

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    This year is the first year of Xuanwu in the Ming Dynasty, plus the 29th year of the restoration of the dynasty, and the 200th year of Yongli that used the Yongli era name.  It has been 31 years since the Ming Dynasty was revived!  Zuo Zongtang, who was only 36 years old at the time, is now 67 years old.  This age is not too old in the 21st century, but in 1877 it was a long life that most people would not live to live - the so-called 70th century is rare in ancient times, and it is only 3 years away from 67 years old.  Therefore, most of the great and small Confucian scholars of Zuo Zongtang's contemporaries are no longer alive today.  The backbone of the entire Greater China society was either born or grew up after the restoration of Might. Their thinking and the education they received are completely different from those who grew up before the restoration of Might.  As we all know, Confucianism, or official Confucianism, was actually instilled in civilian intellectuals by the imperial court through the imperial examination method - whatever was tested in the imperial examination, the scholars below would learn, otherwise there would be no official positions.  Therefore, the effect of talking about great principles with a group of great scholars is far less effective than directly attacking the content and rules of the imperial examination.  Anyway, most scholars just want a chance to take the exam and become an official. Although the Ming Dynasty's imperial examination reform set an age limit and cut off a group of people's official career, the scholar-official position made it much easier for scholars to get an official position.  Some scholars are still very advantageous - they will naturally not object to anything that is beneficial to them.  Another focus of the imperial examination reform carried out by Zhu Jishi was the content reform, which not only added a large amount of practical content, but also greatly reduced the difficulty of Confucian examinations - this is also related to the increase in the number of people taking the imperial examination. Now only  The Ming Empire recruits tens of thousands of civil officials every year, which is hundreds of times more than the average annual Jinshi quota of about 100 during the Puppet Qing Dynasty (three-year examination, about 300 scholars).  Of course the difficulty of the exam should be reduced a lot.  And Zhu Jishi even deliberately guided the Confucian questions in the imperial examination to be simplified.  It was more than 20 years after the liberation.  Most of the Confucian questions in the imperial examinations are multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blank questions, and silent writing questions. They basically revolve around several important original texts of the Four Books and Five Classics, and do not ask for detailed explanations.  The eight-legged article is no longer required. Instead, it is changed to a standard official document that can explain things simply and clearly.  The difficult questions and partial questions that are used to embarrass most candidates are concentrated on practical subjects such as law, economics, and mathematics (even the scholarly subjects also need to test law, economics, and mathematics).  As a result, the role of Confucianism in the imperial examinations of the Ming Dynasty became smaller and smaller, and the interest of the people in learning Confucianism naturally became less and less.  Most new era scholars¡¯ understanding of Confucianism.  They are all at a level where they only have a rough idea. Naturally, their defense of Confucianism cannot be compared with that of the Confucian scholars and scholar-bureaucrats more than 30 years ago.  "It's been 31 years, time flies so fast" Zuo Zongtang was silent for a moment, and then sighed with emotion, "Now my Ming Dynasty's martial arts has far surpassed the Han and Tang Dynasties, but this martial arts  " "What is Wenzhi?" Zhu Jishi said with a smile, "Everyone is proficient in the teachings of Confucius and Mencius? Zuo Qing, how many years do you think it takes to be proficient in the teachings of Confucius and Mencius?" "Of course you can't learn it in a lifetime?  It¡¯s over¡­¡± Zuo Zongtang shook his head with a wry smile.  "Your Majesty, I understand what you mean. The Tao of Confucius and Mencius is not a practical knowledge. It does not need to be mastered by everyone, and it is impossible for everyone to be proficient. Otherwise, no one will do practical things in the world." The Tao of Confucius and Mencius can be regarded as the essence of Eastern philosophy, and it is very important.  Something valuable is worth spending a lifetime studying.  However, only a very small number of people in a country can engage in philosophical research, and most people, including bureaucrats and politicians, can only be proficient in it.  If the entire elite regarded the study of philosophy as a profession, it would be an unimaginable society. The Song, Ming and Qing dynasties of Chinese society were such a society!  Moreover, despite the fact that the elites of the entire Chinese society have been studying for thousands of years, China's philosophical research has not made much achievements. On the contrary, the thinking of the entire society has been imprisoned in a cage.  If you want to look for similar examples in the world, you can probably compare them with those in the European Middle Ages under Catholic rule and the world of the True Gods where politics and religion were integrated.  Moreover, Confucianism actually has a leader such as a pope or a caliph, the emperor Lao Tzu!  The civil servants who assisted the emperor in ruling the world were Confucian bishops or imams. The imperial examination was a method for selecting bishops and imams, and it was also a means of preaching.  The best time to carry out "religious reform" on this religious-like Confucianism is when there is a change of dynasties.  Because no one can conquer the world by relying on a group of Confucian scholars, the foundation of a new dynasty must be force.  Therefore, when the dynasty rose, the Confucian sect was the weakest and had the least resistance to reform.  This is also the main reason why Zhu Jishi succeeded in removing Confucianism from the altar and liberating the minds of the Chinese people.  Of course, Zhu Jishi could also dethrone Confucianism and at the same time support another school or sect to imprison the world's wise men.  Even if it means moving Ma Zhe out,Under the dual effects of the bayonet and the imperial examination, Chinese scholars can still say Ma En.  However, Zhu Jishi¡¯s idea at the time was to guide the elites of Chinese society towards practical learning and industry, rather than continuing the traditional happy life of taking exams, becoming an official and collecting rent.  Therefore, it is necessary to break the cage in people's minds rather than build a stronger cage.  But after the entire Chinese society has successfully embarked on the one-plank bridge of capitalism, it is still necessary to establish appropriate brainwashing or values ??education.  The Great Chinese Empire must have its own universal values¡ªuniversal values ??that are beneficial to the rule of the Ming Dynasty and the unity of the Great Chinese Empire.  Rather than American-style liberal democracy Well, freedom is okay, and there is no problem with democracy, but the emperor must have it!  "Zuo Qing, to tell you the truth, Wang Lanqing's philosophical research direction is quite suitable for me, and I have asked the Royal Foundation to sponsor it." Zhu Jishi said bluntly, "Chinese philosophy has been developing slowly since it overthrew hundreds of schools of thought, and it is now difficult to  To compete with Western philosophy, someone must come forward and use the essence of Western philosophy for his own use in the name of reviving hundreds of schools of thought. "Zuo Zongtang laughed twice. Zhu Jishi made it clear that he wanted to be a hypocrite in knowledge!  It's just that it's not easy to incorporate the essence of Western philosophy into the hundreds of schools of thoughtand Emperor Zhu didn't quite understand the principles of the hundreds of schools of thought, so he had to rely on others. Perhaps he didn't feel at ease, so he wanted to step in to check and advocate.  Bar?  "The revival of the Hundred Schools of Thought certainly includes the promotion of Confucian classics. Confucianism is vast and profound, but all dynasties have only taken part of it, and I am afraid that the essence has not been obtained. Now I hope that there will be a great Confucian leader to continue the unique learning of the saints, so that Confucianism can truly develop and flourish.  "I wonder if Zuo Qing is willing to go out to promote the teachings of Confucius and Mencius?" Zhu Jishi's eyes were bright, and he obviously had high hopes for Zuo Zongtang.  In the past, in order to make the country rich and powerful, of course, we must first emancipate our minds - just like in the early days of China's reform and opening up in later generations, we could only dilute Marxism first, and even introducing some decadent ideas of Western capitalism was a last resort.  After the Great Chinese Empire established world hegemony, the goal of becoming a rich and powerful country has been achieved. Of course, it is necessary to establish universal values ??that are in line with the interests of the Great Chinese Empire, that is, ideology.  However, traditional Chinese philosophical thought is obviously not enough to form the basis of universal values ??in Greater China and even the world, so it is imperative to absorb the essence of Western philosophy.  But it is not easy to perfectly integrate Eastern and Western philosophies.  The most difficult thing among them is to integrate Western philosophy into Confucianism.  After all, Confucianism was still in an absolutely dominant position 30 years ago, and there were countless scholars who studied and were proficient in Confucianism.  Quite a few of them are still alive today, and it would be easy for someone to expose them if no respected scholar came forward to take the lead in committing academic fraud.  If you are not careful, you will be like Kang Youwei in history. Because of his "Confucius Reform Examination", he became the target of public criticism and was criticized by the opposition.  "I can give this matter a try, veteran." Zuo Zongtang smiled bitterly, but still accepted the heavy responsibility.  Because he knew that if he did not help Zhu Jishi "promote Confucianism", Zhu Jishi would probably let Confucianism be annihilated among hundreds of schools of thought, and be replaced by the three schools of Law, Taoism, and Mohism.  "Thank you Zuo Qing's family." Zhu Jishi smiled and nodded to Zuo Zongtang, thanking him sincerely without any hypocrisy, because Zuo Zongtang did help him a lot.  "I don't dare." Zuo Zongtang returned the courtesy quickly, and then asked, "I wonder what kind of New Confucianism the Emperor wants?" "Of course we need a Confucianism that can safeguard the constitutional monarchy!" Zhu Jishi smiled, "Mencius has it  The people are the most important, the country is second, and the king is the least important. Is it not difficult to develop Confucianism in this direction? " He paused and then said: "In addition, the theory of world harmony can also be developed. Confucianism, Taoism and  Mohism seems to have theories in this area. It can be combined with socialism in Western philosophy, but it cannot oppose private ownership, but must emphasize social welfare and the role of the state in the secondary distribution of social wealth. " Zhu Jishi wants to  The main purpose of the integration of various schools of thought and Western philosophy is to form China's own philosophical system and ideological system.  The constitutional monarchy is of course the core of this ideology. It must not only be established in the Greater China Empire, but also do everything possible to make it universal - we must not let future humans in this time and space regard democracy and freedom without a monarch as a universal value!  At the same time, considering the rise of socialism in the West, Greater China must also take the path of a welfare society to resist social revolution.  Therefore, the idea of ??Datong, which originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, will become another core of the ideological system of Greater China.  In addition, the scientific thoughts of Mohism and the nationalism and rule of law thoughts of Legalism (of course distorted and developed) must be unearthed one by one to form theories and systems (To be continued, please search Piaotian Literature for more novels.  Good update faster!?¡­
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