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Part One, Chapter 1526: Revival of Hundreds of Schools

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    Promoting traditional Chinese civilization - this seems to be a very important and right thing.  Said, ww¡ïw.23w¡õx.co¡òm But after Zhu Jishi came to power, he has not made any efforts in this area, and is even working in the opposite direction.  As a result, many Confucian scholars and officials with relatively conservative ideas regarded today's Ming Dynasty as a barbarian country, and wrote many critical articles in private.  It is pointed out that the current Supreme Emperor is apostate and apostate, and is actually a sinner of the famous religion, no different from Hong Yang and others!  In Zhu Jishi¡¯s view, such accusations are unreasonable.  Because he believes that not only is he not a sinner of Mingjiao, but he is also the saint who inherited the unique teachings for the saints in Zhang Zai's mouth - and our greatest contribution to traditional Chinese civilization and Confucianism is to "throw away" them all.  Being on the side for nearly 30 years Is this a contribution?  of course!  In Zhu Jishi's view, Chinese civilization has been on a wrong path since the Song Dynasty, and it was even more wrong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties!  Correcting or continuing the sage's unique knowledge is by no means an overnight success, nor can we replace a "wrong" thought with a "correct" thought - because this replacement is often monopolized by the new truth.  form!  And in Zhu Jishi¡¯s view, the problem with Chinese civilization does not lie in which Confucian¡¯s theory is right or wrong, but in the monopoly on truth established by the imperial examination system through the imperial examination system!  Not to mention the natural sciences, which are regarded as the last learning by the mainstream culture - although many various examples of Confucianism or the imperial court attaching importance to natural sciences can be cited, the backwardness of Chinese civilization in natural sciences has already explained the problem -  Even philosophy, regarded by the West as the mother of science, has long suffered under the official monopoly on truth.  Although there have been so-called great Confucians born in every dynasty.  But in Zhu Jishi's opinion.  These great scholars are also victims of the official monopoly on truth.  As long as their ideas do not conform to official requirements.  It will be lost soon, and even if it is not lost, it will not become mainstream.  To take a step back, most of the ideas that do not meet the official requirements are also things that are enclosed by strict rules and regulations. They cannot escape the teachings of Confucius and Mencius at all. At most, they are forgeries or misinterpretations of Confucian classics.  Zhu Jishi could follow the example of some of them and spread the few philosophical thoughts he wholesaled from the West as Confucianism.  But he didn't choose to do this because in his opinion.  What really suppresses traditional Chinese civilization and thought is not wrong ideas, but the monopoly of truth - monopolized by imperial examinations and swords and axes!  Zhu Jishi himself didn't know much about Confucian classics, not even as good as a scholar of this era. The Confucian classics he forged would certainly not be able to be studied by Confucian scholars of this era, and their true colors would soon be exposed.  What to do then?  Will we also use swords and axes to spread the truth and form a new monopoly on truth?  Therefore, in the Western-style universities and new-style middle schools founded by Zhu Jishi, Western philosophy was generously introduced and placed in front of the students together with the ancient Chinese philosophy called Guoxue - it was ancient Chinese philosophy, not just Confucianism.  .  Including the theories of hundreds of pre-Qin scholars, they are all part of ancient Chinese philosophy.     certainly.  Most middle school students and college students do not need to learn many courses related to philosophy. They only need to have a little understanding of Western philosophy, and for traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts, they only need to be able to recite some famous works.  The few students who are truly interested in philosophy are trained by the philosophy and Chinese studies departments of various universities.  In addition, during the years when Zhu Jishi was in power.  The relationship between officialdom and philosophy has become increasingly weak.  It is easier to be an official in the Ming Empire than in previous dynasties, because Zhu Jishi integrated officials into the bureaucracy, thus turning the imperial examination into a civil service examination. The number of candidates for each year is tens of thousands. Compared with the original imperial examination  The number of scholarships has increased hundreds of times.  Because only "junior civil servants" are recruited instead of "high-ranking officials", the examination content is also more practical than Confucian classics. Under the imperial examination system, the civil servants who come out of the examination room will definitely be masters of Chinese studies and masters in later generations.  Calligrapher and poet level.  The country has a population of 40 million and tens of millions of scholars, but only a hundred or so Jinshi can be made in a year. You can imagine how difficult it is.  As for the "government appointees" who appeared after the full implementation of constitutional government, they have nothing to do with the examination of Confucian classics. They are decided by votes and have little to do with philosophical thoughts.  After nearly 30 years of "freezing", the relationship between officials and Confucianism has become no longer close, and official Confucianism and cynicism naturally no longer exist - instead of replacing the wrong official Confucianism with the correct official Confucianism.  ¡°Moreover, as Confucianism gradually decoupled from being an official, the thoughts of hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, which had been suppressed for nearly 2,000 years since the Han Dynasty, gradually began to recover.  Various theories from Mohists, Legalists, Taoists, Politicians, Famous Masters, Miscellaneous Schools, and Yin-Yang Schools have all been dug up and studied.  For the new generation of philosophers who grew up in the new universities of the Ming Dynasty, the philosophical ideas they were exposed to were no longer limited to the East., but can absorb the philosophical wisdom from all over the world.  Therefore, there was an opportunity for Eastern and Western philosophical thoughts to corroborate each other. To a certain extent, this mutual corroboration allowed many traditional Chinese philosophical thoughts to be carried forward that had been buried.  Many doctrines that are not included in the mainstream thoughts of official Confucianism can be found in Western philosophy. From a certain perspective, some ancient Chinese philosophies that have been lost for a long time have once again emerged after absorbing the fresh blood of Western philosophy.  Opportunity to rejuvenate - this was not proposed by Zhu Jishi, but by Wang Tao, the new president of Yingtian Jishi University.  "Zuo Qing, have you read Wang Lanqing's article?" In Yingtian Hot Spring Palace, Zuo Zongtang, who came to play Go with Zhu Jishi, did not see the chess pieces on the board, but saw a copy of Jishi University's internal publication "Hundred Schools of Go"  ", which was run by Wang Tao, the president of Yingtian Jishi University, and contains some profound philosophical issues.  Lan Qing is the name of Wang Tao, the president of Yingtian Jishi University.  This Wang Tao also graduated from Jishi University in his early years, and stayed in Zhu Jishi's imperial study room for several years. Later, he and Pan Zuyin formed the Jishi Youth Party.  However, it seemed that the Duke was not suitable for politics and officialdom. Soon he went to teach at Jishi University, where he taught for more than 20 years.  "I've seen some." Zuo Zongtang nodded. In addition to teaching, Wang Tao also did some research, not in science, but in philosophy.  "This man is said to have learned both Chinese and Western knowledge, and he is on par with His Majesty in terms of knowledge." "He is different from me." Zhu Jishi shook his head, "I am proficient in science, while Wang Lanqing is proficient in philosophy. Although there are similarities,  But it¡¯s not the same thing after all.¡± The word ¡°philosophy¡± was introduced into Chinese characters by Zhu Jishi. For this reason, he even compiled a dictionary to explain the new words he introduced.  "Originally, I thought that Westerners were far superior to us in China only in science, but not in theory. After reading the articles of Wang Lanqing and Japan's Fukuzawa Yukichi, I realized that Westerners' principles are equally profound and profound, no less than that of China.  ¡± In this case, Zuo Zongtang would not have said it 30 years ago.  Moreover, Zhu Jishi did not have the ability to persuade a great Confucian like Zuo Zongtang - reasoning was not something Zhu Jishi was good at, and his own philosophical foundation was very poor. He could not study Eastern and Western philosophy like Wang Tao and Fukuzawa Yukichi for a lifetime.  compared to everyone.  Zhu Jishi laughed out loud. This allowed a great scholar like Zuo Zongtang to recognize the profoundness of Western philosophy. It seems that these 30 years of ideological emancipation are still very effective.  He nodded, "The theory of Westerners, philosophy is the mother of science, and the basis for their scientific development is the progress of philosophical thinking." "The Westerners' theory is that a hundred schools of thought contend, similar to China's Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. Although it is broad, it is a bit messy and harmful.  There are many truths." Zuo Zongtang shook his head.  "If we introduce them indiscriminately and treat them as truth, I'm afraid it will confuse people's hearts in the end." There are many categories of Western philosophical thoughts, and of course there are some that Zuo Zongtang can't understand.  But Zhu Jishi didn't want to talk to him about this today, but wanted to talk about reviving Baijia.  This is a set of theories advocated by Wang Tao in recent years. He believes that Confucianism has limitations and is only one of the hundreds of pre-Qin schools, not all of them.  In particular, the principles of Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism are not inferior to Confucianism, and many of them coincide with Western philosophy. They should now be revived, gain the same status as Confucianism, and become part of Chinese philosophical thought.  "Zuo Qing, what do you think of the principles of hundreds of schools of thought?" Zhu Jishi asked, "Is it possible to revive it?" "Wang Lanqing is just packaging the principles of Xizhe into the principles of hundreds of pre-Qin schools." Zuo Zongtang chuckled,  The pretense of Wang Tao's theory was unceremoniously stripped away as soon as he opened his mouth.  Hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, including Confucianism itself, have many principles in common with some ideas of Western philosophy.  However, on the one hand, many principles from more than 2,000 years ago have been lost, and on the other hand, there are principles that have been continuously developed by Western philosophers after the Renaissance.  It is self-evident which of the two is more perfect and more suitable for today's era.  Wang Tao's revival of hundreds of schools of thought is actually to use the relatively complete principles of Western philosophy to supplement the thoughts of hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period.  It is not wrong to say that Xizhe is packaged into hundreds of families.  "Then Zuo Qing thinks it's not good to package it like this?" Zhu Jishi asked with a smile, "Does the great China only have some principles from Confucius and Mencius? Is it too few? There are many principles in Western philosophy that coincide with hundreds of schools of thought.  , This shows that Bai Jia¡¯s theory is also reasonable.¡± ¡°Your Majesty,¡± Zuo Zongtang thought, ¡°That¡¯s what the truth is, but what do the scholars in the world think of it? The teachings of Confucius and Mencius have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people¡± ¡°Haha.  ," Zhu Jishi laughed and said, "Isn't this what the scholars themselves proposed? Zuo Qing, it has been 31 years since the Ming Dynasty was revived, and the scholars in the world are no longer the same group as 31 years ago!" (To be continued!  Please search Piaotian Literature, the novels will be better and updated faster!
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