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Text Chapter 1,688 A simple burial

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    In the early years of the Jin Dynasty, the Jurchen people only had two kinds of musical instruments: drums and flutes, and they only sang the song "Partridge", which was "high and low, long and short, just two partridge sounds".  After entering the Song Dynasty, the Jin army plundered the musicians, musical instruments, and music books from the Song Dynasty workshops, and the music of the Han people was integrated into the music of the Jurchen people.  Jin Shizong held a banquet to entertain envoys from the Southern Song Dynasty and Xixia Dynasty. The guests imitated the Song Dynasty, but the costumes were different.  The dances of the Jin Dynasty originated from the Mohe music of their ancestors. After the founding of the country, they basically directly absorbed the dances of the Northern Song Dynasty. At the same time, they also carried forward the music and dance culture of the Jurchen people.  Packing up whatever they encountered, after harvesting countless treasures, Han Kongque and the others finally arrived at the stone coffin in the center.  "After decades of robbery, didn't everything fall into our hands in the end?" Huang Shan said with a smile.  "How can I be so cool for hundreds of years?" Jin Yao said.  "Isn't it just a pile of loess in the end?" Mu Ling said.  "Okay, let's open the museum for autopsy and put this coffin on display in the future. There is no need to tell who it is. These things are treasures from all countries anyway, and no one can prove that they are from the Mongols. This will also make this old man  This guy redeems his sins, contributes to us, and entertains the public," Han Kongque said.  "Be careful. Everything around them represents the funeral system at that time. Don't mess it up." When we started to clean up the coffin in the center, we naturally had to pay attention, so Han Peacock specially explained it.  Outside the coffin, there are eight rooms for the god, who set up a "room", that is, a "shadow hall". Mongolian custom is white, and the "Er Room" is composed of eight white tents, so it is also called the "Eight White Room". It has built-in portraits as a  The symbol of the Great Khan's Tomb.  "Silver coffins" are also hidden in these tents. These are symbolic objects and are used for sacrifices. They are usually placed outside the tomb for future generations to remember and offer sacrifices to. Unexpectedly, they are also found in the main tomb.  After cleaning up the surrounding items, only the stone coffin in the center remained.  The stone coffin is very simple. It is just a stone house made of stones. It is not glued and is just assembled with very delicate handwork. ?? Han Peacock¡¯s spiritual sense is keen, he can find any gaps, so there is no difficulty in dismantling this stone coffin.  The stone coffins were dismantled layer by layer, and Mu Ling was videotaping the whole process. Now Han Kongque decided to move everything here and restore it to its original state, just in time for exhibition.  Opening the stone coffin, there are two stone coffins in the tomb, one large and one small. When the small coffin is opened, it is empty, with no body and no burial objects.  Opening the large sarcophagus, there was actually a layer of coffin inside, which was a kind of wood. After a little identification, Han Peacock knew that it was golden nanmu. It seemed that the legend was wrong.  Ming Dynasty Ye Ziqi's "Cao Mu Zi" records: The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty suffered a landslide. "He used two pieces of Luo wood to hollow out a coffin of human-like size and put the body in itadded lacquer and finished it with gold as a circle."  , set in three circles (both ends and middle of the hoop)." ????????????? Then, dig a deep trench and bury it together, ¡°trampling it with thousands of horses to level it. Kill the camels on top of it, and guard it with thousands of horses. When the grass grows next year, move the tents and disperse them, hoping that they will spread, and no one will know.¡±  This means that after the death of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, he did not use a coffin or burial objects. Instead, he just divided the log into two parts, split the middle, "hollowed it out, and combined it into a coffin about the size of a human body", and then "placed the body in it."  , then "paint it, and then circle it with gold and set it in three circles", and finally send it to Lingyuan.  Now it seems that no matter who it is, they will not treat the corpses of their elders so casually. However, it does have the meaning of a simple burial here, because the two corpses inside have no burial objects except clothes.  .  There were two people lying in the coffin, a man and a woman. The corpses had eyebrows and beards, lifelike, without decay, and even the silk clothes they wore were not corroded at all.  ¡°The two corpses were dressed in Han Chinese costumes, and they were made of gold and brocade.  Jin brocade, a unique technology of the Han people, was not available in the Jin Kingdom, Xixia, and Mongolia at that time, and these complete clothes were all single clothes worn by the Han people.  In the north, the climate is cold, with the coldest temperature reaching about minus 30 degrees. Mongolians generally wear fur coats.  But these two were wearing Han silk singles. I still remember the plain gauze Zen clothes in Mawangdui. The clothes these two wore were completely comparable to the silk singles unearthed in Mawangdui.  ¡°There are so many treasures piled outside, but I didn¡¯t expect there to be nothing inside the coffin.¡± The golden demon was a little disappointed.  Mu Ling said: "These golden cotton are not bad." Han Peacock said: "The embalming is also very good." There is no rot until now, which shows that special methods were used, but I don't know whether it was medicine or treasure.  "Put it away?" Huangshan asked??.  Han Peacock nodded. The archeology was almost completed this time, but it was still a bit regretful that the things from the Southern Song Dynasty did not appear here.  "There are at most treasures from the Jin Kingdom and the Northern Song Dynasty here, but what about those from the Southern Song Dynasty?" Before Han Peacock said anything, Jin Yao asked.  Mu Ling said: "The Southern Song Dynasty was conquered by Kublai Khan. If there are treasures, they must be buried in Kublai Khan's tomb." "That's right. For so many years, there has been no one in the imperial mausoleum of the Yuan Empire.  If Genghis Khan's mausoleum is discovered here, can we also find Kublai Khan's mausoleum?" At this time, Huang Shan jumped up and said.  Han Peacock was stunned. He really hadn't thought about this, but this possibility was too high.  "If we could dig up all the imperial tombs of the Meng Yuan Empire in the past, how many treasures would we have to dig out?" The golden demon looked at Huangshan, but he didn't expect that even a stupid man could be excited. ?? Han Peacock also laughed, he thought this archeology was over!  Unexpectedly, the words Huangshan awakened the dreamer. In China, life and death have always been regarded as important events in life. After death, most people must be buried richly, and even the poorest people must have at least one grave.  The common people were like this, but the emperors and generals were even more extravagant.  Why did the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty have no mausoleums?  Where is Kublai Khan buried?  Most emperors began to build their own mausoleums after they ascended the throne, and then added more to them year by year. Therefore, the longer the emperor reigned, the larger the size of the mausoleum, such as the Qin Mausoleum.  However, there is a very strange phenomenon. Among the many tombs of emperors discovered by later generations, there are only no tombs of the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty.  The "Mausoleum of Genghis Khan" located in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, does not bury the true remains of a generation of geniuses.  ¡° What was placed in the spirit bag in the back hall of the cemetery was just the riding whip used by Genghis Khan, which was a symbolic coffin.  Where exactly his tomb is is still a mystery. So, why didn¡¯t the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty have tombs?  There is a book recording this: The burial system of emperors during the Yuan Dynasty was different from that of other dynasties.  They learned from the emperors in the past who "exhausted all the power of the world to build tombs in the mountains, spent all the wealth in the world to fill the coffins, and buried all the daughters in the harem as sacrifices", and later "after several incidents, many were excavated, and their bodies were exposed.  Even before the soil in the tomb is dry, the tomb is already empty." The burial method was extremely confidential, making it difficult for future generations to discover and avoid the pain of exhuming the corpse.  This is undoubtedly a great progress, so how were the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty buried when they died?  Before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolians had their own unique funeral customs. The most important one was the thin burial and simple funeral.  The Mongols are nomadic people living on the grasslands. They have no fixed residence and their lifestyle is relatively simple and practical.  Especially in the war years when the Mongols were expanding massively, funeral ceremonies were particularly simple.  During the burial, they made the deceased sit in the center of a tent that he had used during his lifetime, with sacrificial people praying around him. Horses, bows and arrows, and tables with meat and milk were also buried with him, and they were finally placed in the soil.  The purpose is that when the deceased goes to live in another world, he will have a tent to live in, a horse to ride on, and meat and milk to eat.  This is what they call a simple burial. In fact, at that time, their most important wealth was horses, bows and arrows, and food. Since even the most important things have to be buried with them, how can it be said to be a simple burial?  Therefore, as an emperor of Yuan and Meng, his burial objects are definitely indispensable. After Kublai Khan, there was no such thing as a simple burial.  After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, he implemented Han law and gradually became infected with the funeral customs of the Han people. He began to use coffins for burials, but the coffins used were different from those of the Han people.  After the deceased is buried, the two coffins are put together and become a log, and then "nailed together with iron bars."  After they took over the Central Plains, they remained as frugal as before. Most of the shrouds were the clothes they usually wore, and there were relatively few burial objects. Most of them were the deceased's favorite weapons during his lifetime, such as bows, arrows, swords and the like.  Of course, in their view, swords, weapons, clothes, etc. are worthless goods, so this is the only way to be frugal.  The royal family of the Yuan Dynasty was different, especially after the emperor's death. It was slightly different from the general royal family and nobles. After the emperor's death, there was first a burial ceremony, and there were more funerary objects. However, no Han people were allowed when the emperor was buried.  Officials will not build large-scale buildings on the ground, and there will be no merit arches or tombstones. Everything looks very simple.  In addition, in order not to leave clues and traces that could be discovered by tomb robbers, the Yuan Dynasty¡¯s historical records on the burial site of the emperor were so pitiful that it made people confused.I feel that there was no emperor's tomb in the Yuan Dynasty.  "This is actually an act of deception. If an emperor does not have any burial objects in his mausoleum, who will have the time to dig your grave?" ???????????????????????????????????? If the burial is really simple, then it won¡¯t take long to repair the grave, right?  But how many emperors in history spent several days building their own tombs?  The burial of the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was extremely secretive. It was because of the secrecy that people suspected that more treasures were buried inside.  According to historical records, all emperors were buried in the so-called Qi Nian Valley in Mobei. The Mongols called this cemetery the "Great Forbidden Land". Since there is nothing, why should it be hidden?  (To be continued.)
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