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Text Chapter 1680 Xixia Porcelain

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    "That's right. Look at the porcelain outside. They even snatch ordinary porcelain bowls, let alone such beautiful horse head reliefs." Han Kongque said.  "The porcelain of Xixia is really good." Jin Yao also participated in the excavation of all porcelain just now, so he also saw the exquisiteness of some Xixia porcelain.  Han Kongque said: "The production of Xixia porcelain developed under the influence of the kilns in the northern Central Plains. It is understandable that some fine products are produced, but the porcelain they produced is different from the Central Plains porcelain after all." By this time, Huangshan had already  He took out his tools and began to carefully break down the outer diamond wall. Although the diamond wall looked like it was made of soil, it was very strong and would not be easy to dig through without brute force.  So Han Kongque was also ready. Since such a beautiful horse head relief was found here, Han Kongque simply took out all the porcelain he just found and sorted it out.  This arrangement does not matter, Han Kongque discovered that the porcelain found in this inner city was actually Xixia porcelain.  The difference between Xixia porcelain and Central Plains porcelain is still very obvious. The common porcelain in Xixia porcelain has different local shapes and decorative treatments from those in the Central Plains. On the other hand, many porcelains show strong national attributes.  Looking at these porcelains with obvious Western Xia style, Han Peacock seemed to have seen the history of this nation, their development, rise, and destruction.  It can be said that the porcelain robbed by the Mongols represents the entire historical process of the Xixia nation. There are various porcelain bowls and vases, as well as ceramic tiles and murals. They have the history of Xixia, the characters of Xixia, and the history of Xixia.  custom.  The discovery of so many Xixia porcelain made Han Kongque interested in this inner city again. Just now they were just looking around and just cleaned up the visible things, including some cultural relics hidden in the buildings. Han Kongque did not touch them.  Because it requires brute force cracking. ?? Han Peacock didn¡¯t want to destroy this underground city, so he didn¡¯t ask for it too greedily. But now that so many Xixia porcelains were discovered, Han Peacock had other ideas.  So when they went to deal with the Diamond Wall in Huangshan, Han Kongque entered the surrounding buildings again. This inner city was built according to the city's pattern, so there are all facilities here, such as the group of Bors that Han Kongque discovered.  Chi, that is, the group of cooks Jinzhang Qiongxue, found a porcelain kiln in front of them.  Of course, there are also discoveries in other places. For example, there is a woodwork factory and stable next to the group of golden tent warriors who are in charge of the carriage. A large number of wine vessels are found over there in charge of the wine vessels. Of course, there are also handicraft workshops and workshops for making wine vessels.  kiln mouth.  Han Kongque carefully demolished several buildings and immediately found a large amount of porcelain and gold and silverware. Most of the porcelain was pots and pans, and most of the gold and silverware were wine vessels. Of course, a large part of the wine vessels were porcelain.  .  Looking at these cultural relics representing the Xixia civilization, Han Peacock felt that the Xixia people were very interesting. The Xixia people are mainly composed of the Dangxiang tribe. Because they are in Gansu, they are to the west, so they are called Xixia, and they call themselves the Kingdom of Daxia.  Xixia is very interesting. It confronted Liao and Jin successively, and was later destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty.  Xixia's policy is also very interesting. It is not strong, neither offensive nor defensive, it just keeps its own land.  It has been a country for a long time. It is not easy for a dynasty to last for 189 years.  There is no history of Xixia and it is almost annihilated. Many Chinese people did not know about it in the past. Xixia is even not listed in the historical chronology at the back of many dictionaries.  Xixia has its own writing. It is said that no more than ten people in the country can understand Xixia writing, so Xixia writing is called a unique skill.  The conflict between Xixia and other regimes was not intense. Xixia survived in the cracks, and its survival time was not short.  Like other ethnic minorities, Xixia is against the Central Plains, but they are very envious of the Central Plains culture, so they show the characteristic of pursuing Han culture.  It is reflected in the porcelain, that is, its porcelain is very close to Cizhou kiln, but it is rougher.  The main characteristic of Xixia porcelain is its carelessness. Of course, from another aesthetic perspective today, this sense of carelessness may be another taste.  In the past, I have seen many fine and fine varieties from Cizhou kiln, but this slightly rough one has more charm.  Historically, it is recorded that Xixia burned porcelain tent hooks, but no real objects were seen. But here today, in this mausoleum buried underground, Han Peacock unearthed various daily necessities, including  Porcelain tent hook.  Of course, apart from these special features, there is generally no new porcelain in Xixia.  In just a short while, Han Kongque cleared out 112 pieces of Xixia porcelain. Most of these utensils were white glazed porcelain, including white porcelain bowls, white porcelain plates and white porcelainThe inner wall is smooth, the outer wall is rough, and the tire wall is thin, which is very representative.  The carved pattern of carved flower porcelain generally adopts a light composition, which skillfully handles the relationship between the part and the whole, making the theme decoration and ground pattern clear and orderly, which can produce a strong artistic sense.  The bowls, plates, bowls and other ring-footed vessels in Xixia porcelain are all dug deeply (commonly known as "digging the foot over the shoulder"). The wall of the vessel is thicker near the bottom, thinner near the mouth, and even thinner at the bottom. This is  This is caused because bowls, plates, etc. are mainly fired using the top-bowl-covering method.  The support point of the top bowl burning method is at the foot of the circle. In order to support the entire body and prevent it from deforming, the wall near the bottom is the thickest place.  At the same time, in order to reduce the pressure on the body, the wall near the mouth is slightly thinner, and the bottom is the thinnest.  The outer walls of the utensils are often half-glazed, and the glaze is thin.  White glaze bowls and plates have sand circles on the inner bottom, while other glaze colors have astringent circles. ?? White glazed porcelain and carved pattern porcelain are the most distinctive among Xixia porcelain. The body color of Xixia porcelain is mostly off-white or light yellow, so white glazed porcelain is coated with make-up soil to cover the body color, and then the glaze is hung.  Since there is porcelain, there must be pottery. Previously, Han Peacock discovered a large number of ceramic building components, and now in the porcelain kiln, Han Peacock has made new discoveries.  Genghis Khan's mausoleum is truly a treasure house. In that porcelain kiln, Han Peacock also picked up many ceramic specimens from the Song and Xixia Dynasties, including a batch of rare carved, carved, scratched, printed specimens and kiln furniture, and even more  What is most rare is a batch of large-scale ceramic building components.  This batch of ceramic components is very rare, among which the peacock blue glaze and plain three-color components are particularly precious. They should be the remnants of ceramic components used in large-scale palace buildings in the late Western Xia Dynasty.  At the same time, Han Peacock also discovered a yellow glazed tile. Based on this, Han Peacock speculated that this porcelain kiln should be the kiln mouth for firing porcelain for the court of the Xixia Kingdom and porcelain components for palace buildings, and the Mongols used other people's porcelain.  The entire royal kiln entrance was moved here.  This discovery made Han Peacock extremely happy. You must know that the Song Dynasty was a prosperous period for China's porcelain production. The five famous kilns (Ding, Ru, Guan, Ge, and Jun) competed for excellence. The eight major kiln systems spread all over the country. Later generations have a deep understanding of the Song Dynasty.  The research on porcelain has been fruitful.  However, people have always known very little about the Ci Kiln Fort located in the northwest of the motherland, the ancient Xixia porcelain kiln sites and the Xixia porcelain making process. To the extent that when compiling the large-scale masterpiece "History of Chinese Ceramics" around 1980, there was no reliable information.  It is a great regret to write Xixia porcelain into it.  It was not until the 1970s that Ningxia cultural relics and archaeologists excavated the Xixia mausoleum area; in the 1980s, they also excavated the Lingwu Ciyao Fort. A large number of Xixia porcelains were unearthed during the two excavations.  The study of Xixia ceramics is a long and difficult process. There were not many Xixia porcelains available for research before, so progress was slow.  However, all archaeologists believe that if you want to find something, you must look for it in the places occupied by the Mongols, because in the end the Xixia were exterminated by the Mongols, and all their last wealth fell into the hands of the Mongols.  This view was confirmed in the 1950s. In 1956, two black-glazed carved vases were discovered in Mingai Township, Yijinhuoluo Banner, Inner Mongolia. They were initially assigned to the Yuan Dynasty and were later assigned to the Song Dynasty.  The two sutra bottles were not excavated, and there was no physical evidence of stratigraphic relationship or reliable age. However, it was finally believed that they "may be related to Xixia."  If this is possible, then in 1982 and 1986, many hoards were found in Yijinhuoluo Banner and Zhungar Banner in Inner Mongolia, and a batch of Xixia porcelain was unearthed again. This time it is more certain.  Therefore, some people speculated at that time that the cultural relics plundered by the Mongols from Xixia were not just these. There should be more cultural relics hidden, and the most likely ones were the tombs of the Mongol emperors of the past dynasties. Among them, the mausoleum of Genghis Khan was the largest.  A place where Xixia cultural relics may appear.  Now this view has been confirmed by Han Peacock, but he cannot advertise it widely.  "Discovering and studying treasures is Han Peacock's hobby. It's okay now, and Han Peacock doesn't mind studying this treasure more." ?? Jade pots, bowls, jars, and human heads are passed through one by one. Only those porcelains with inscriptions on them will be carefully studied by Han Peacock. If there are no special features, Han Peacock will put them away immediately.  Perhaps this batch of porcelain came from the Xixia Palace, so there are many with inscriptions, such as a black-glazed small-mouth bottle. Han Kongque didn't pay attention to it at first, but when he held it in his hand, Han Kongque touched the inscription on it and looked at it carefully.  , Han Peacock discovered that the belly of this small-mouth bottle was engraved with Xixia characters.  Even such a small piece of porcelain has Xixia inscriptions on it, so Han Kongque had to pay more attention to other porcelains, so he quickly discovered many porcelains with inscriptions. ?? Han Peacock discovered that bottles, jars andThere are often Xixia inscriptions on the bowls.  With this discovery, Han Peacock once again cleaned the small bowl he found on one side. Sure enough, there were quite a few inscriptions inside.  Han Peacock really didn't expect that Xixia people actually had the habit of carving inscriptions on small bowls and small-mouth bottles. If he hadn't accidentally discovered the inscription on the small-mouth bottle, Han Peacock would have missed many inscriptions.  Small bowl.  (To be continued.)
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