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Chapter 455: Imperial Reform

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    In November of the 10th year of Kaikai (1632), Emperor Gohanayama, who had been lying on the bed for more than a year, was critically ill again. The Taizheng ministers, Suishi Idamedekawa and Sekiba Toyotomi Hideyori, went to the Imperial Palace to ask for the establishment of the East Palace as soon as possible.  Because his only son died in infancy, and all his brothers died of illness or became monks, all the ministers persuaded him to make Hideho the emperor's younger brother, but the emperor remained silent.  Hideho knew what he was worried about, so he took advantage of the opportunity of visiting the doctor to "comfort" and said: "Sadako is now the princess and your majesty's only heir. Please believe that Manjin will take good care of her."  After Mitsuhito was adopted as Emperor Kayama, he was then established as the Eastern Palace. In this way, the future emperor would still be from the lineage of "Masachika-Prince Seihito-Kazan".  Perhaps out of concern for Sadako's safety, fear of Hideho's power, or for the long-term considerations of the imperial family, after many days of thinking, Emperor Gokayama finally agreed and agreed to hold a grand ceremony on the ninth day of December to formally confer Mitsuhito as the Eastern Palace.  , and moved to the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.  Until then, those daimyo who had been kept in the dark suddenly realized why Hideho named his legitimate son "Manjin". It turned out that it was to follow the path that Ashikaga Yoshimitsu had not completed.  After all, Emperor Gohanayama did not survive that severe winter.  On the sixth day of the first lunar month in the eleventh year of Kaikai (1633), Hideho specially invited pyrotechnics masters from the Ming Dynasty and held a grand fireworks display in Kyoto. Unfortunately, Gohanashan no longer had the energy to attend. With the support of Kyogoku Tsuneko, he fell ill.  He half raised his body, looked at the bright fireworks blooming outside the window, and said weakly: "Do you think I was right or wrong to do this?" Kyogoku Tsuneko's eyes were filled with tears at this moment, but she still held back her sadness and comforted her.  Said: "What your Majesty did was of course the right thing. Sadako is now the Crown Princess, and Wakamiya (the son of Mitsuru and Sadako) is also growing very strong. Your bloodline will be passed down from now on. This is also the best thing in this situation.  There's a solution Please don't worry about this and rest up. After a while, the couple will bring Wakamiya to see us. " "You have been worrying about me these days. You are always trying to comfort me.  Hou Huashan sighed and said: "In the past, my relatives had exclusive power, and in the later, there were samurai who ignored the emperor's authority for more than four hundred years. Thanks to Fushimi Palace, I should be an emperor who is living a good life. To be honest, I can  Jian Zuo, thanks to him, I just hope that he will never forget his original promise and don't let me regret it." Hou Huashan's eyes were dull, looking at the fireworks outside the window dreamily, and said to himself: "Perhaps, from me, I can become someone.  Since then, fate has linked me to the Toyotomi clan. Wakamiya's birth is both an end and a beginning. I will bless him in heaven, even if I am gone.  You must live strong, for Sadako, and for me.¡± Emperor Gohanayama wanted to reach out and wipe Kyogoku Tsuneko¡¯s tears, but he was unable to do so.  After holding Kyogoku Tsuneko's hand tightly and shaking it twice with difficulty, he collapsed in her arms.  At this point, the legendary emperor who lived through the late Warring States Period and the Azuchi-Momoyama era, witnessed the establishment of the Koriyama Shogunate and the restoration of the imperial status of Fushimi Palace, passed away. He reigned for sixteen years at the age of fifty-four.  Later, he was hunted down in Huashanyuan and buried in Yuelun Mausoleum.  Unlike the previous emperor, the new emperor also listened to Hideho's advice and gave him the Han-style posthumous title "Kouka". This is the first time since Emperor Mitsuko (887) that an emperor who died normally was given a Han-style posthumous title.  , and it was the first emperor to have a Han-style posthumous title after four hundred years.  In the same month, Manren was enthroned at the Imperial Palace in Kyoto. Because he was given the posthumous title "Xiaoming" after his death, later generations often called him "Emperor Xiaoming".  On the day he ascended the throne, he honored Hideho as the Emperor. Because Hideho had already built a new imperial palace, Tomeiden, near Kitayama, which was the former Ashikaga Yoshimitsu Kitazanden, renovated by Luen Temple (also known as Golden Pavilion Temple), the name of the upper court was "Tomei-in".  All orders are called imperial edicts.  At the same time, Prince Wakamiya Yourito was established as the East Palace, and the title was changed to "Imperial Tong" next year.  In order to consolidate the imperial power, the imperial court carried out a series of reforms under the leadership of Dongmingyuan, which was known as the "Imperial Reform" in history.  The first step was to reaffirm the authority of the emperor and the imperial court from an institutional perspective, and ordered Ishin Shoden and Todo Takatora to formulate and promulgate the "Revised Edict" on the basis of the shogunate's "Samurai Laws" and "Forbidden and Incorporated Public Laws".  and the "Book of Government", which mainly stipulate: 1. The power of the world belongs to the emperor; 2. All the powers and functions of the shogunate are transferred to the imperial court, and the responsibilities and allegiance of each domain to the shogunate are also transferred; 3. Is the whole world not the royal territory?  Is it possible that the people who lead the land are not royal ministers? The system of "scholars, farmers, industry and merchants" was abolished, and those related to the royal family were classified as "royal family", the ministers and daimyo were classified as "Chinese", and the former shogunate and daimyo retainers and samurai were classified as "royal family".  As "gentry", other people engaged in agriculture, industry, business and low-level untouchables are classified as "civilians", with hierarchical status, but each level is allowed to interact with each other; 4. It stipulates that the ministers of Taizheng, Guan Bai, and General Zhengyi are ranked  Above the Chinese family and below the royal family, but it is a virtual title and not permanent. Among them, the Guan family and the Tsinghua family??can serve as the Taizheng Minister and Guanbai, and the East Palace also serves as the General of the Conquest of Yi. There are three generals to protect the country, respectively served by Prince Xianren, Qingren, and Xingren. They are responsible for maintaining public order in all parties. The required military power must be approved by the emperor.  Later, it was awarded by the general who conquered the barbarians; 5. Reform of titles and official positions: Titles: According to the level, they are divided into kings, dukes, marquises, uncles, and kings. Among them, kings are divided into princes (internal) and county princes (internal), and they can only be enfeoffed.  The royal family (including those who have been demoted), such as Xianren, were granted the title of Prince Jiang because their fiefdom was in Omi, and their residence in the city became the palace name, namely "Sakamoto Palace" (later the palace name was gradually abolished, and only the title name was retained);  They are Xingguo Gong, An Guo Gong and Fu Guo Gong; Marquises are divided into Xingjun Hou, Anjun Hou and Fujunhou; Bos are divided into Xingxian Bo, Anxian Bo and Fuxian Bo; Jun is no longer subdivided.  In the royal family, in addition to the East Palace and the crown prince, the emperor's legitimate children are called princes and concubine princes, and the concubine's children are called county princes and concubine princes; the prince's legitimate children are called county princes and concubine princes, and the concubine's children are conferred the title of Duke Anguo and princess;  The female concubine is granted the title of Duke and Princess of An, and the concubine's children are granted the title of Duke and Princess of An; the legitimate children of Duke An are granted the title of Duke and Princess of An, and the concubine's children are granted the title of uncle and principal of An County; the legitimate children of the Marquis of An are granted the title of uncle and principal of An County, and the concubine  Females were granted the title of Grand Lord or Countryside Lord; the subsequent descendants were all reduced to ministerial status, and received a one-time allocation from the court to support themselves, or they could be supported by the marquis.  Among the Chinese, the Guan family and the Qinghua family can be granted the title of duke, the minister's family can be granted the title of marquis, and the famous minister's family can be granted the title of uncle. Those with a daimyo worth more than 300,000 shi (referring to the establishment of the shogunate) can be granted the title of public official, and those with a 150,000 shi or more can be granted the title of duke.  To be granted the title of Marquis, those with more than 50,000 stones can be granted the title of Bo, and those with less than 50,000 stones can be granted the title of King.  ??Among them, the genealogy can be named Xingguo Gong, Xingjunhou, Xingxian Bo, and the foreigners can be named Fuguo Gong, Fujunhou, and Fuxian Bo.  However, the title granted to a knowledgeable daimyo was a false title, that is, the imperial court did not allocate a salary, and the expenses were met on their own.  Among the noble clans, those who have truly made meritorious deeds can be granted the title of marquis, uncle, or king after being petitioned by their lord for approval.  Among civilians, those who have truly meritorious service can be granted the title of uncle or king after being petitioned by the local governor for approval.  In terms of official positions: Take back the fictitious positions previously given to daimyo in various places, stipulate that all imperial positions will be granted in the future, and distinguish official positions from titles.  Reform was carried out on the basis of the existing Taizheng official system, the legal system and the "seven departments, nine departments and twelve offices". A cabinet was established to replace the Taizheng officials. It consists of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Administration, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Punishment, and the Ministry of Finance.  There are eight provinces, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and each province has twenty-four departments under it. In addition, institutions such as Tanzhengtai have also been established, so it is called the "cabinet province system".  Efforts were made to streamline the establishment of official positions. For example, the original four-level official system of Tai Zhengguan was reduced to a cabinet system. The left and right ministers held the highest administrative power, which was equivalent to the first and second assistants of the cabinet in the Ming Dynasty. The rest, such as the internal ministers and the Great Nayan, were included as cabinet ministers.  The cabinet and the remaining third- and fourth-class officials were significantly reduced, and related functions were distributed among the eight provinces.  This set of institutional reforms can be said to be mainly aimed at the imperial court. The purpose is to improve the authority and efficiency of the imperial court, while appeasing local daimyo and preparing for subsequent in-depth advancement.
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