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Text Chapter 1610 Secret

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    In history, the pursuit of immortality by emperors was not completely fruitless. There were still some emperors whose life span was increased as a result. Among these emperors, the most representative emperor was Emperor Qianlong.  Aixinjueluo Hongli, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty (September 25, 1711 - February 7, 1799), was the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the fourth emperor after entering the customs.  The year name "Qianlong" means "the way of heaven is prosperous".  He ascended the throne at the age of 25 and reigned for sixty years. After the throne, he served as the Supreme Emperor for three years and four months. He actually exercised the highest power of the country for sixty-three years and four months, which was the longest period in Chinese history when he actually held the highest power of the country.  The longest emperor, he is also the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.  During the reign of Hongli, the Qing Dynasty reached its highest peak since the heyday of Kangxi and Qianlong, and Sinology developed greatly during this period.  Hongli was a famous emperor in the late feudal society of China.  On the basis of the cultural and military achievements of the Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties, he further completed the unification of the multi-ethnic country, and further developed the social economy and culture.  Hongli attached great importance to social stability and cared about the people affected by disasters. During his reign, he exempted all money and grain from all over the world five times and exempted grain from eight provinces three times, which reduced the burden on farmers. He also attached great importance to water conservancy construction, which played a role in protecting agricultural production and made the Qing Dynasty's treasury  Increasingly fulfilling.  Hongli's martial arts flourished, and he made great achievements in quelling rebellions in border areas. He maintained the unity of the country and expanded its territory. He also improved his rule and occupied Xinjiang.  Xinjiang was officially included in China's territory, thus maximizing the territory of the Qing Dynasty.  During the reign of Hongli, folk art developed greatly. For example, Peking Opera was formed during the Qianlong period.  But he was extravagant in the later period of his reign.  The administration of officials was corrupted, and uprisings broke out in many places.  And the policy of isolation has reached its highest level.  This widened the gap with the West and caused a crisis in the rule of the Qing Dynasty.  The literary prison was even more severe than during the Kangxi and Yongzheng periods.  Emperor Qianlong put down the Junggar rebellion twice during his lifetime.  There was a Huibu rebellion and two Jinchuan rebellions. They suppressed a Taiwanese people's uprising led by Lin Shuangwen. They fought twice with Gorkha (today's Nepal) and once each with Burma and Annan (today's Vietnam). All ended in war with neighboring countries.  It ends with the state paying tribute.  Emperor Qianlong was so arrogant that he boasted of "Shiquan martial arts" and called himself "Shiquan old man" and "Shiquan".  It means perfect.  However, one of Qianlong's most proud titles was "the ancient emperor", so the seal of "the ancient emperor" was the imperial treasure that Qianlong was most proud of in his later years.  Because Qianlong believed that the Qing Empire's "achieving the righteousness of the country, expanding its territory, universal submission, and the peace of the people" were all his achievements.  How did the title "Emperor of Ancient Times" come about?  It turned out that during the 70th birthday of Emperor Qianlong in the forty-fifth year of Qianlong's reign (1780), Peng Yuanrui, minister of the Ministry of Industry, made a memorial titled "Nine Odes of Ancient Relics" to flatter Qianlong. In it, he quoted the great poet Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty "  The poem "Seventy Years of Life is Rare in Ancient Times" praises Emperor Qianlong as the "Emperor of Rare in Ancient Times".  Emperor Qianlong admired it very much.  He believes that "the intention is new and the words are elegant". There have been several emperors in Chinese history who were over seventy years old, but their achievements cannot be compared with his own.  He wrote an article "Gu Xi Shuo" for this purpose: "I have been promoted to the seventh rank this year because I used Du Fu's sentence.  Engraving "the treasure of the ancient and rare emperor" There is no argument for those who are above three generations, and those who are below three generations can only get six people who have ascended to the ancient and rare emperor for the emperor.  It has been seen that it has been done recently.  To the husband, the country is upright and the land is protected.  When surrender is universal, the people will be at peace.  Although it is not a big job, it can be said to be well-off.  ??And those who destroyed the country in the previous generation were called strong vassals, foreign invaders, powerful ministers, foreign relatives, female visitors, eunuchs, treacherous ministers, and sycophants. None of them are similar today.  That is to say, the six emperors who were rare in ancient times, the two ancestors of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, were the kings of entrepreneurship, and they did not neglect rituals, music, government and punishment.  The other four emperors were not able to enforce the law, and their governance at that time was not what it is today.  It's just a matter of sincerity For Emperor Qianlong, it is true that his political achievements and meritorious service are remarkable, but from the perspective of the later period of Qianlong, politics began to decline. This is directly related to Qianlong's grand celebrations, patrols in the south and hunting in the north, and the use of troops in successive years, etc.  , the national power gradually weakened, and by the time Emperor Jiaqing came to the throne, the national treasury was empty and the people were destitute.  But as far as Qianlong's longevity is concerned, the word "ancient and rare" is well deserved.  Among the more than 230 emperors in Chinese history, many were short-lived and few were long-lived. However, only Emperor Qianlong lived to the age of 89. He experienced the four dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Jiaqing, and enjoyed seven generations living under the same roof.  family happiness.  Died in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799) at the age of 89.  The temple name is Gaozong, and the posthumous title is Fatian Longyun Zhicheng Xianjue Ti Yuan Li Ji Fu Wen Fen Wu Qin Ming Xiao Compassion Sheng Chun Emperor.  Buried in the Yuling Mausoleum of the Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.  There is a saying: "It is difficult to be an emperor, it is difficult to be a good emperor, and it is even more difficult to be a good emperor with a long life!" But Emperor Qianlong did it all!  In China¡¯s thousands of years of imperial history, the top three longevity rankings of Chinese emperors are: The third place is?Empress Wu Zetian, died at the age of 82; the second Emperor Xiao Yan of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties lived to be 86 years old; the first Emperor Qianlong lived at the age of 89, making him the longest-lived emperor in Chinese history.  Qianlong is the standard male protagonist in Stallion novels until now.  Qianlong, known as the "Romantic Emperor", created some of the best records in ancient times.  For example, if we count the number of years he actually ruled the country, Qianlong may be the best in the world; another example is that he loved writing poems, although the quality is really unflattering and lacks poetic flavor, but he wins with quantity, and he is the person who wrote the most poems in ancient times.  He wrote nearly 50,000 poems in his lifetime, which is more than the total of more than 2,200 poets in the "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". It can be said that there is no one before or after. For example, he is also the longest-lived emperor in ancient China, with a lifespan of 89 years old, and he is even stronger with age.  , I never got seriously ill, and I can almost say that I died without any illness.  Therefore, many people envy Qianlong as one of the rare lucky monarchs in ancient and modern times. He was smart since childhood and was deeply loved by Kangxi and Yongzheng. As an adult, he enjoyed the peaceful and prosperous era established by Kangxi and Yongzheng. There were not many national events worth worrying about, and his life was basically  They are all enjoying life: they like to recite poetry and composition, are passionate about calligraphy, painting, music, and drinking tea. They have the temperament of an artist and love to travel.  Six trips to the south of the Yangtze River, five trips to Mount Wutai.  Three climbs to Mount Tai.  Qianlong was also proficient in bow and horse and loved hunting.  He often competes in archery with military attach¨¦s, and even likes various ice sports He is truly the darling of God.  Thanks to various dog serum palace TV series, everyone now knows that Emperor Qianlong is quite lustful.  Not only did he own three palaces and six courtyards, with numerous beauties in the palace, but his six visits to the south of the Yangtze River also left countless romantic and romantic historical legends. In his later years, his romantic legend with a foreign beauty, Xiang Fei, made future generations appreciate him.  His romantic and lascivious nature is unparalleled in the world.  "In "The Story of Qianlong", one plot changes to a different woman; in "Huanzhugege", this wretched old man almost didn't even let his illegitimate daughter go.  Calling him a pervert wouldn't be an injustice.  On the other hand, Qianlong was famous for his longevity.  As the saying goes, wine is a poison that penetrates the intestines, and sex is a steel knife that scrapes bones.  Many people wonder why this standard stallion can live a long life?  This is unscientific!  In fact, Qianlong himself paid great attention to self-cultivation.  We know that many people in history became addicted after becoming emperors.  I just want to stay here forever, in order to find the secret of immortality, make elixirs and take medicine, and seek the Buddha's faith.  There are many people who kill themselves for this.  But Qianlong did not follow their old path. He did not believe in immortality, but he actively laid the foundation for longevity.     why is that?  the reason is simple.  That's a lesson learned from the past.  It¡¯s interesting to say that Qianlong¡¯s father, Yongzheng, wanted to live a long life.  He invites experts from all over the world to search for a way to live forever.  He took an unknown amount of golden elixirs, but died early, before he was sixty years old. Although the cause of death is shrouded in mystery, a more credible speculation is that he died of poisoning after taking golden elixirs.  As for Emperor Qianlong, he witnessed Yongzheng's futile pursuit of longevity and learned his lesson. He had no interest in alchemy and so on. When he came to the throne, he ordered the expulsion of the alchemists summoned by Yongzheng, let alone taking them. However, he gained longevity instead.  .  Why did Emperor Qianlong enjoy a long life?  Relevant experts found that Emperor Qianlong had a set of health secrets.  It turns out that when Qianlong was a prince, the one he admired most was his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi. Emperor Kangxi ascended the throne at the age of 8 and served as emperor for 61 years. He lived to be 69 years old and was one of the longest-lived emperors in the Qing Dynasty.  Kangxi divided the way of keeping in good health into two aspects: nourishing the body and nourishing the mind (or nourishing the spirit and nourishing the nature).  Health care means eating prudently, living prudently, quitting smoking, drinking, and greed, taking appropriate activities, practicing diligently, being disciplined, and living an indifferent life.  ??Nourishment of the mind refers to spiritual life such as literature, morality, thought, character, etc.  Emperor Kangxi¡¯s insightful opinion on health care is: ¡°Restraint in diet and careful living are actually good remedies for diseases.¡±  "Restraint on diet", "If the body has slight hesitation, it should be reduced on diet", and "depending on the cause of the disease, calmly regulate the diet, eat in an appropriate amount to increase blood energy".  For example, some old people "go too far in restricting food and drink, and only use all kinds of tonics, which are rarely enough to replenish qi and blood and make people full." Therefore, it is not advisable.  "Don't eat too much of what you like, but choose what is suitable for your body."  "Living carefully" means paying attention to hygiene, not being greedy for cold weather in summer, and adding more clothes in winter.  "If a person is usually clean, the pure air will be on the body. If he is close to dirt, he will be contaminated by the turbid air, and the clear air will gradually be obscured."  "During the hot summer months, I don't open the windows or let in the cool breeze. This is because I have been accustomed to it since I was a child. I also calm my mind, so my body is not hot. This is what the ancients said, if you can calm your mind, your body will be cool. And don't be greedy for the cool breeze in the summer months.  , it is also very beneficial to the body. If the summer moon is full of yin, if you take advantage of the temporary coolness and close the heat in the joints, you will not feel the harm at that time, and you may become ill later.?) There are many cases of abdominal distension in late autumn, which are caused by the cold wind outside and the heat inside."  ) is cold, so I add more clothes." "My clothes are too thick in winter, but I don't need a stove.  Therefore, if the lid is close to a fire (stove), the clothes will be thin, and you will feel cold when you go out.  Instead of taking more clothes when you feel cold, why not put on clothes before you feel cold?  " "Quit drinking and quit smoking", "I have not liked drinking since I was a child, but I can drink without drinking", "This is a sincere person who does not drink", "Mostly if you are addicted to alcohol, your mind will be confused and confused, or it will cause disease  "It is not something that is beneficial to people." "He loves to drink, he never gets tired of drinking, his mind is constantly in a frenzy, and his body is turned upside down and his etiquette is lost. This is a bad virtue. How can it be said?"  " "Beware of greed, pay attention to restraint." Confucius said, "In old age, when the vitality is declining, the key to caution is to gain."  If you are greedy, you can bring happiness.  Then you can live longer." "A gentleman cultivates diligently and does not dare to be lazy.  Don't dare to indulge your desires, don't dare to exercise extreme pleasure.  Cherish blessings and dare not be extravagant, keep your share and dare not be arrogant." Kangxi also said, "The sage regards labor as blessing and leisure as disaster.  Xunzi said, the body is tired but the mind is at ease.  I say that 'people work hard and know how to relax. If they are content with leisure, they will not only not know how to relax, but also they will not be able to bear the workload.'  Yiyiji.  If the mind is not wandering outward, it will be beneficial to the body. The people I have met in the Ming Dynasty and the elders of our country, who are good at calligraphy, all have a long life and a strong body.  There are those who can paint Han people, or make utensils and work as craftsmen, and their skill is unparalleled. They all live to seventy or eighty years old, are in strong health, and their paintings are as usual."  Words are written continuously throughout the day.  Therefore, it has not yet become desolate." "Reading more will weaken your appetites.  If your appetite is weak, you will save money.  Cost savings.  Then there will be less camp and demand.  "If the camp is small, the quality will be high." "People in modern times regard not eating meat as a fast."  Little did you know that the ancients¡¯ fasting must go hand in hand with the precepts¡± and ¡°the so-called fasting.  Qi Ye, Qi Ye Qi, his heart is not Qi Ye.  The so-called warning means to be careful of delusional thoughts. "Emperor Kangxi also loved handicrafts. Kangxi's nourishing experience was rich in content, profound in meaning, and noble in intention. It had a profound impact on later generations of Qianlong, so that Qianlong successively visited it 26 times.  When he arrived at the Jingling Mausoleum of Emperor Kangxi, a large number of commemorative poems were left, expressing Emperor Qianlong's lifelong nostalgia and admiration for his grandfather Emperor Kangxi, who was famous for his martial arts and martial arts. Among them, the 85-year-old Emperor Qianlong in the first year of Jiaqing (1796).  The poem "Visiting Jingling" reads: "Yesterday, I was sixty years old, and now I am unable to determine my son's status. I deeply feel that my ancestors have been blessed and taught me, and I will pay my respects to Yin Bing and Yuan in the new year."  After all, Emperor Qianlong improved his grandfather Emperor Kangxi¡¯s longevity experience based on his own personal experience, and concluded the ten principles that suit him: ¡°Teach the lungs, move the muscles and bones, do the ten things regularly, and take supplements at the right time.¡±  The six-character health-preserving mantra may seem simple in sixteen words, but it succinctly summarizes the general content of its health-preserving practice. ¡°Turning out the organs and moving the muscles and bones¡± and ¡°taking nourishment at the right time¡± are easy to understand, literally.  We can guess its content, and the "Ten Constants and Four Don'ts" may seem a bit confusing, but in fact they are all common health-preserving rules in traditional health-preserving practices.  The fluid is often swallowed, the ears are often played, the nose is often rubbed, the eyes are often moved, the face is often rubbed, the feet are often rubbed, the abdomen is often stroked, the limbs are often stretched, and the anus is often lifted." The "Four Don's" means "Don't talk when eating, don't lie down.  These are the four health precepts of "talking, not getting drunk, and not being obsessed with sex." Naturally, the "Ten Constant Four Do's" were certainly not invented by Qianlong. These are the experiences summed up by health experts of the past dynasties. For example, it is said that it was invented by Sun Simiao.  The "Thirteen Health Preservation Methods" basically include the contents of the "Ten Constants". Although the specific steps and methods of these health maintenance methods are different, their principles are similar, and they are all simple and easy to implement. As long as you persist for a period of time, you will be able to do it.  Produces obvious effects, such as "knocking on the teeth regularly", also known as "knocking on the sky clock", which is a longevity method that has been valued by health care practitioners of all ages. There are many different operating methods, and the number and time of tapping on the teeth are different.  is very particular, but the basic principle is that "kidney governs the bones", and "the teeth are the remainder of the bones". The health of the teeth is closely related to the essence in the kidneys. Following a certain method and insisting on tapping the teeth can not only strengthen the teeth, but also strengthen the teeth.  It also has the function of strengthening the kidneys. Another example is "Knocking the teeth to swallow fluids", which is closely related to "Knocking the teeth to swallow fluids". It is also an important health care method in ancient times.  Saliva is a very precious substance. It is said that "the spleen returns saliva and the kidneys return saliva". Saliva is closely related to the spleen and kidney. It has health care functions such as nourishing yin and reducing fire, producing body fluid and nourishing the kidney. It is even called "jinjinyu".  "fluid" to show its preciousness, so the fluid produced by tapping the teeth should be slowed down.?Swallow, do not spit out at will.  The other methods in the "Ten Constants" are also similar to this. They all achieve health care effects by massaging and stroking certain specific parts of the human body.  It is worth mentioning that these methods are not only used for health care, but also have certain prevention and treatment effects on certain specific diseases.  For example, "Er often plays", also written as "Er often drums", "Er often rubs", etc. Since health science believes that "the kidneys open up to the ears", the ears are closely related to the rise and fall of kidney qi, and regular massage of the ears can help.  It can prevent and treat hearing loss and presbycusis.  Another example is "Anus Chang Li", also known as "Gu Dao", which has a certain effect on preventing and treating hemorrhoids by regularly scaling the anus.  Experts who studied medical records from the Qing Dynasty believe that there are three main reasons for Qianlong¡¯s longevity: First, he paid attention to physical exercise and liked hunting.  And travel all over famous mountains and rivers; secondly, live a regular life and eat sparingly.  Be cautious in your daily life; third, take long-term symptomatic longevity medicine.  In addition, Qianlong¡¯s mother, Niu Gulu, is also famous for her longevity.  Genetic estimates also play a large role.     actually.  As long as the following points can be done, the longevity of romantic men is not a problem: 1. Exercise and exercise Qianlong was a man who loved sports. As early as the Kangxi period, Emperor Kangxi often traveled on tours.  According to historical records, Emperor Kangxi made six trips to the south of the Yangtze River, traveling to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and visited all the places of interest in the north and south of the Yangtze River.  He went out to patrol outside the fortress four times and stationed at Doronor, Klulen River, Langjuxu Mountain and Soyurji Mountain.  I visited Mount Wutai, a Buddhist holy place, four times to appreciate the scenery of the North.  And climb Mount Tai.  It is dedicated to Dongyue and blessed to Taiyuan and Xi'an in the west.  Qianlong, who was determined to imitate his grandfather, also visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, including Suzhou and Hangzhou.  Although it is inevitable that in the name of patrolling, he actually went out to have fun and meet beauties from the south of the Yangtze River. However, the transportation and material conditions at that time were quite inconvenient. Although the emperor went on a patrol, he could ride a horse or a sedan and did not have to walk by himself. Logistics provided  There is also ample protection.  But it is also very tiring to trek through mountains and rivers for many days and work hard on the horse.  This kind of leisurely travel is very good for physical and mental health.  As a Manchu, Qianlong also inherited the glorious tradition of his ancestors conquering the world on horseback. He loved hunting and riding horses throughout his life.  The fifty-eighth year of Kangxi.  Emperor Kangxi once said to his bodyguards: "From childhood to old age, whenever I use shotguns and arrows, I have captured one hundred and thirty-five tigers, twenty bears, twenty-five leopards, ten lynxes, and fourteen deers."  "Ninety-six wolves, one hundred and thirty-two wild boars, hundreds of deer, and countless other animals were shot in one day." Listening to this series of numbers,  You can imagine the scale of the hunting activities, the exquisite shooting skills of Qianlong himself, and the level of exercise.  2. Hobbies can make people healthier We know that Qianlong had a wide range of hobbies, especially travel, calligraphy and painting.  Many emperors stayed in the palace all their lives and basically never left the house.  As for Qianlong, he went to the south of the Yangtze River six times. He also liked to travel around and exercise regularly, which was good for his physical and mental health.  The creation of calligraphy and painting requires both brain and hands, using both hands and brain, and the body also needs to move appropriately to make the breath gentle and the blood vessels smooth. Its effect is close to that of Tai Chi.  Long-term persistence will have the effect of strengthening the body.  In addition, when writing calligraphy and painting, you need to be calm and achieve the state of harmony between nature and man, so as to make your mind more open-minded.  In addition to calligraphy, Qianlong also liked music.  In history, most literati, calligraphers and painters lived long lives.  According to experts¡¯ calculations based on historical data, the average life span of ancient Chinese was about 30 years old, and even before the founding of the People¡¯s Republic of China, it was only 35 years old.  This is not unrelated to the harsh natural conditions, lack of medical conditions, hard work, epidemics of plague, and frequent wars in ancient times.  But even so, ancient Chinese literati seem to be a special case.  Many of them live to be ten years old or even over a hundred years old.  According to existing data, the average life span of ancient literati: During the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, there were 20 literati with clear birth and death records, and the average life span was 584 years.  Among them, Confucius lived to be 73 years old, Xunzi was 74 years old, Zhuangzi was 83 years old, Mencius was 84 years old, Mozi was 92 years old, and Fu in the Han Dynasty lived to be 92 years old; There were 79 people in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, with an average life span of 656 years. Sun Simiao, the "King of Medicine"  Lived for 141 years, Ouyang Xun, the calligrapher handed down to the world with "European style", was 85 years old, and Liu Gongquan, the great calligrapher and creator of "Liu style", was 88 years old; There were 82 people in the Song Dynasty, with an average age of 656. "I dare not forget my worries despite my humble status."  The poet Lu You of the Kingdom of China died at the age of 85; there were 29 people in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties with an average lifespan of 67 years old; the painter and calligrapher Huang Gongwang died at the age of 85; there were 77 people in the Ming Dynasty with an average age of 64; Leng Qian, who was good at music, died at the age of 150; "Wu  Wen Zhengming, one of the "Four Talents", lived to be 90 years old; Wang Yun in the Yuan Dynasty lived to be 77 years old, and Huang Jin lived to be 81 years old; in the Qing Dynasty, there were 126 people, with an average age of 634.Huang Zongxi, known as the "Father of Chinese Ideological Enlightenment", was 85 years old. Yao Nai, the representative of the Tongcheng School and the "Three Ancestors of Tongcheng", was 84 years old, Liu Dakui was 83 years old, and Fang Bao was 81 years old. Liu Yong lived to be 86 years old, and Ruan Yuan lived to be 95 years old.  From this we can easily see that the average life span of ancient literati was about twice that of ancient people.  Why did these literati in ancient China live longer than ordinary people?  There are three reasons for this: 1. Good cultivation and emphasis on sentiment.  Self-cultivation can nourish one's nature.  Reading can make you happy, and of course it can also relieve your worries and boredom.  Ancient Chinese literati regarded saints as their role models.  He also has a sense of superiority compared to ordinary people and can maintain a sense of spiritual tranquility and calmness most of the time.  It can be said that it is spiritually fulfilling.  In terms of behavior, people should adhere to the golden mean, be calm and gentle in dealing with things, and these are extremely helpful for maintaining good health.  Second, they have perseverance and indomitable character, which also endowed ancient literati with tenacious vitality.  The book has its own Yan Ruyu, and the book has its own house of gold. The guiding ideology of learning and excellence leads to officialdom, which locked the goals of life for ancient literati, thus cultivating their tenacity and resilience, and constantly honing their psychological endurance.  In ancient times, there were many people who were still studying diligently in their sixties in order to seek fame.  This kind of spirit and perseverance allows them to endure when things are unfair and to let go when they are unhappy.  Third, be diligent and thoughtful.  Diligent use of the brain is good for health. Literati naturally use their brains a lot, and their brain cells are full of vitality, so they naturally age more slowly. Only people who are healthy both physically and mentally can live long.  It can be seen that the character and attitude of ancient Chinese literati were an important factor in their longevity.  3. Mother¡¯s genetics is very important Research from Yeshiva University in the United States shows that genetics accounts for 70% of the reasons for the longevity of centenarians, that is to say.  If you live to this age, the battle is about whose genes are better!  Some scientists believe that from a genetic perspective, longevity can be inherited.  It is mainly inherited from the mother, that is, if the mother lives a long life.  Its children are more likely to live a long life; if the father lives a long life, his children may not live a long life.  Qianlong¡¯s mother was Niu Gulu.  The first half of his life was also rough. He married Yinzhen at the age of 13.  He has always been of a very humble status, and it was not until he gave birth to Qianlong at the age of 28 that his mother became the Fujin of China.  The historical record is: "Queen Xiaoshengxian, Niu Hulu clan, fourth-grade ceremony Lingzhu daughter. On the thirteenth year of the following year, she served in Shizong's Qiandi, named Gege. In August of the 50th year of Kangxi, Gao Zong was born." Niu  The most blessed thing that happened to Gu Lu in this life was giving birth to a good son.  Qianlong was not a good emperor, but he was definitely a good son.  The old lady lived to be 86 years old (some say 85). She was also the longest-lived among all the empress dowagers. She was the most blessed mother and son in history.  Generally speaking, longevity is a good thing, but if everyone around you has an average life span and you are the only one who lives a long life, this feeling may not be very pleasant.  Take Qianlong as an example. He had many children, including 17 sons, but most of them did not live long and died young.  Therefore, in his later years, although seven generations lived under the same roof, Qianlong only had four sons around him. Qianlong had to "give away the white-haired man to the black-haired man" again and again. Only he himself could deeply understand the sadness and helplessness in this. Perhaps this is  It's probably the only "side effect" of his longevity.  Qianlong lived to 89 years old, which can be said to be an absolute longevity. However, for ordinary people on the ninth level, it is very difficult to live to 898 years old. In other words, it is difficult for ordinary people to live long, so why do people live longer?  What if you can't live a long life?  Scientists believe that theoretically, humans have a lifespan of 120 years, turtles have a lifespan of 150 years, and dogs have a lifespan of 20 years. The difference in lifespan between species is determined by genes.  Scientists have found genes related to lifespan in several species, including "longevity" genes that extend lifespan and genes that shorten lifespan.  There is a metabolic by-product in living organisms called reactive oxygen species, also called free radicals, which is closely related to the occurrence of diseases such as aging and cancer.  Cell oxidation can cause cell damage or aging, and the product of the "longevity" gene can prevent cell oxidation, thereby making people live longer.  There are also some genes whose products can repair damaged DNA, or control the aging process of cells by controlling the length of chromosomes, which can also make people live longer.  Scientists believe that there are at least hundreds of genes related to lifespan in organisms, but only a small part of them have been discovered so far.  By regulating the expression of these genes, the lifespan of an organism can be altered.  For example, Mike Ross, a geneticist at the University of California, USA, bred fruit flies that can live for 7,080 days by selecting and mating them with longer-lived fruit flies. Their lifespan is twice as long as that of normal fruit flies.  Although genes are important in determining lifespan, they are not the only factor determining longevity.white.  Many scientists believe that environment and living habits may play a role in longevity of up to 66%.  Therefore, people who want to live longer should pay attention to the following points: Insist on physical exercise.  Eat in moderation and control your weight; do not smoke or drink; take vitamins appropriately.  Especially vitamin C and vitamin E; eat more vegetarian dishes and less meat; eat more raw vegetables and fruits.  Every time we watch some people in TV series or movies who become immortal because of what they eat or what they do, we are very envious, but we all know that in reality human beings cannot live forever.  Why is this? I often hear people say, if there are only a few minutes left in life and we can freely choose, what method do you want to use to end your life? No one wants to think about death, but in some cases  Sometimes, it is good to think about these issues, which will at least help us formulate correct medical policies and research goals.  How much science can help us as we grapple with death is also an important question. ? People often say.  Our ancestors were able to face death more calmly because they were used to it. ? ? 100 years ago, the average human life span was about 30 years shorter than today.  Improvements in health care over the past century have allowed humans overall to live longer than ever before, and the average life expectancy of the global population continues to increase.  In richer developed countries, the average life expectancy is increasing at a rate of 5 hours or more every day, while many developing countries are catching up with developed countries at a faster rate.  Today, the main cause of death in humans is the aging process itself and the various diseases caused by this process.     So.  What controls aging? Let¡¯s imagine the death of a person. He took his last breath and his life ended.  At this time, some cells in the body are still alive.  They don't know what period happened, but they are still carrying out normal metabolism and maintaining life.  They draw oxygen and nutrients from the environment, producing large amounts of energy.  It also makes proteins and other cellular components and drives the activities of all cellular components.     soon.  Cells die from lack of oxygen.  With their death, something very ancient also quietly comes to an end. Every cell in the body that has just died can theoretically be traced back to the earliest appearance of the earth almost 4 billion years ago along an uninterrupted chain of cell division.  those cells of life.  Death is inevitable, but some cells in your body have an amazing property: as long as humans don¡¯t die, they are nearly immortal, provided you have children.  For every child that survives, you have one cell (sperm or egg) that escapes death.  Children are born, grow up, become adults, and reproduce, and the life of cells continues from generation to generation.  ¡°This gives us an almost miraculous view of an immortal cell lineage.  But why almost all living things have a body that is bound to die and why not all cells have a chance to live forever. These questions were first raised by the naturalist Vogster Weismann of the Chariot State in the 19th century: "Abandoning the Body Theory" In fact  Cells can be damaged at any time, such as DNA mutations, protein damage, highly reactive "free radicals" attacking cell membranes, etc. The existence of life depends on the continuous replication and translation of genetic information.  Germ cells can survive a disaster caused by various errors, on the one hand, because of extremely sophisticated self-maintenance and repair mechanisms, and on the other hand, thanks to their ability to eliminate major errors through rounds of competition.  ability.  Sperm are produced on a large scale, but usually only one excellent sperm can combine with the egg; there are also many cells that can form the egg, far exceeding the number of final ovulation.  Strict quality control will weed out defective products, and natural selection will serve as the final arbiter to determine which individuals are best suited to pass on germline lines from one generation to the next.  For some multicellular organisms, not aging seems to be the norm.  Freshwater hydra has super strong survival ability. As it gets older, its mortality rate will not increase and its reproductive ability will not decrease.  Even if it is cut into many segments, it can grow back into a complete body.  The secret to Hydra's eternal youth is simple: germ cells are spread throughout the body.  But in most multicellular animals, germ cells are found only in gonadal tissue, where sperm and eggs are produced.  Other types of cells have differentiated into professional cells, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, etc. This differentiation is necessary for the development of complex organisms.  This division of labor has a profound impact on the aging and survival time of organisms.  Professional cells do not need to be immortal. When the body passes genetic information to the next generation through reproductive cells, professional cells can die.  Most natural organismsThe bodies all die young, mostly due to accidents, predation by natural enemies, infection or famine.  At the same time, keeping the body functioning properly is expensive, and resources are often limited.  Some of the energy an organism takes in every day may be used for growth, some for physical labor and exercise, and some for reproduction.  There is also a part of the energy stored in the form of fat to prepare for famine needs.  However, every second that an organism is alive, many errors will occur in the body, and a lot of fat will be consumed in the process of dealing with the errors.  The body also needs to continuously synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for life activities. To synthesize these molecules correctly, the body must always correct the genetic code, and this process also consumes a lot of energy.  In addition, the body must allocate energy to the garbage disposal system to remove cellular debris.  It is based on the energy consumption of living organisms that I proposed the theory of abandoning the body: if the environment is likely to bring death to the organism, then there is no need for the organism to consume a lot of energy in order to survive indefinitely.  In order for the species to survive, the genome simply needs to keep the organism healthy and reproduce successfully before death comes.  Under the strong pressure of natural selection, when allocating energy, organisms first consider growth and reproduction, rather than building an immortal body.  Therefore, the aging of organisms is actually the result of long-term accumulation of various unrepaired cell damages.  It is also because of this that we cannot achieve immortality!  There is nothing inherently wrong with people pursuing longevity, but in the process of pursuing longevity, people have to pay attention to a certain degree. You can pursue longevity within this degree, and once you exceed this degree, you have to stop, otherwise, the inevitable consequences that await you will happen.  will be a bad thing.  The key to the pursuit of longevity is the pursuit of harmony. When people are young, they should lay the foundation for longevity As far as the mentality of life is concerned, there are two types of people, one is those who pursue longevity, and the other is the dreamer  People who live longer.  Longevity has always been the goal and dream of mankind.  From ancient times to the present, almost all living beings do not want to live long, but there are also many people who fall into the misunderstanding of forcing longevity.  ¡° Take the ancient emperors as an example. Some of them tried their best to find some elixir of immortality. Some of them believed in the lies of charlatans and magicians to refine some elixir All these are manifestations of forcing longevity.  However, there are still many people in modern times who fall into the misunderstanding of seeking longevity.  For example, some people take supplements indiscriminately, such as ginseng, bird's nest, deer antlers They buy and eat all the supplements sold in the market, blindly increasing nutrition, to the point of no restraint; some people go around asking about the secret of longevity and health care knowledge.  When people say running is good, they go for a run. When people say walking backwards is good, they go for a walk. Some people get so worried when they feel unwell that they seek medical advice everywhere and take medicine randomly.  If your feet feel good, go to "wash your feet", and when you hear "Colon Cleansing" is good, go do "Colon Cleansing" All these "forces" may not necessarily lead to longevity.  I remember that in the 1960s, there was a rumor in society that chicken blood could be used to strengthen the body and cure diseases. It was even more ridiculous.  The key to pursuing longevity is the pursuit of peace and harmony. When people are young, they should lay the foundation for longevity: first, they must develop healthy eating habits; second, they must develop healthy ways of thinking; three medicines must develop healthy exercise habits.  In middle age, good habits will be further consolidated.  If we can unswervingly maintain our pursuit and confidence in longevity, be open-minded, love life, pay attention to health care, pay attention to disease prevention and treatment, and avoid accidents, longevity will become a reality step by step.  (To be continued) ps: Note: Thank you ronyu for your support with two monthly tickets, thank you! ? ?Thank you to Jimh and Shui Yiyue for your monthly support, thank you! ? ?Thank you to the royal family and Xie Zhixiu for their generous rewards and support, thank you!  
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