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Text Chapter 52 Silk and Cotton Industry

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    "When it comes to technology, your handheld machine is indeed a good thing. I heard that it was the shuttle technology introduced from the West. With small improvements, the efficiency doubled. Under the family OEM business model, it has also been able to match the family sideline business.  The production mode is suitable. Haha, it¡¯s a treasure.¡± Speaking of the handheld machine, Yuan Baoshan said with admiration: ¡°The bureaucrats in the imperial court are also very stupid in their Western affairs. They have seen the big machines of the Westerners.  No one pays attention to the introduction of such a simple and effective technology as Shuttle. At this point, Shao Wen is a hundred times smarter than those old bureaucrats or the Westernizationists. " Yang Shaowen said modestly.  Just luck.  His words were not entirely modest. After hearing Yuan Baoshan's understanding of the family's sideline business, his thinking broadened a lot.  Low cost, less working capital, low production technology, low labor, separate operation, discontinuous!  He had no idea that there were so many factors to consider in developing a full-fledged handmade textile tool.  His original hand-operated machine was only a small modification to the original shuttle machine, so the problem was not major. The problem of occupying working capital was solved by his family OEM system.  The successful promotion of mobile phones does have an element of luck.  And if he wants to introduce new textile tools, it may not be that easy under the constraints of so many factors.  For a time, Yang Shaowen was a little demoralized and felt that his prospects for developing textile tools did not seem so optimistic.  "Mr. Yuan, I guess we should have had quite a few advanced cotton spinning tools here before, but they were all eliminated by this family sideline production, right?" "Of course!" Yuan Baoshan was at this moment.  There is a kind of pride of craftsmen: "The "Agricultural Book", "Agricultural Policy Complete Book", "Tiangong Kaiwu" and other technical books passed down by our ancestors all have many introductions to advanced textile machinery. Just because most of them  They are not suitable for the production mode of small farmers and sideline industries, and they are gradually being eliminated. "I wonder if you have heard of Huang Daopo?" Yuan Baoshan knew that Yang Shaowen was a scholar, but he didn't know whether he usually dealt with such technical classics.  Yang Shaowen nodded. He had heard of Huang Daopo before.  I know that she made great contributions to the textile industry in ancient China.  Yuan Baoshan introduced: "According to Wang Zhen's "Agricultural Book", as early as the Yuan Dynasty, Huang Daopo developed a set of churning wheels for cotton ginning, a rope string bow for playing cotton, and a three-pin pedal for spinning.  The craftsmanship of the cotton spinning wheel. But can you still see these tools in Wujin and southern Jiangsu? Our farmers still remove seeds by hand, use small bamboo bows to stretch cotton, and still use hand spinning.  "Spinning wheel!" Yuan Baoshan sighed: "These tools are actually not complicated at all. I looked at the drawings in the "Agricultural Book" and they can be made in one day. The cost is not high, and farmers can afford them. Why are they still used?  They were eliminated because these tools require the cooperation of many people and are not liked by farmers." Yang Shaowen also sighed, lamenting the tragic fate of technological innovation in the face of backward production relations.  "Huang Daopo's techniques and tools are considered simple. The history of silk and linen textiles in our country is much longer. Books introduce that silk and linen textile machines are much more advanced and complex. With a little research and modification, they can be used  Cotton textile. But even Huang Daopo's technology can't survive, so what's the use of building more advanced machines?" Seeing Yang Shaowen was a little depressed, Yuan Baoshan patted him on the shoulder and encouraged him: "That's all I said.  I want to discourage you from developing textile tools, but I hope you will give priority to the factors of production form when developing them. I am an old carpenter, and I still very much hope to see advanced machines developed and promoted.  " Since the production relations of family sideline business are backward, why not try to change these production relations?  Yang Shaowen tried out: "Then I can build a manual workshop and use more advanced textile tools in the manual workshop!" "Have you ever seen a cotton textile manual workshop in southern Jiangsu?" Yuan Baoshan asked, Yang Shao  Wen was speechless again.  Indeed, it has been two years since he came here, and Su Nan has traveled to many places. Apart from the printing and dyeing of homespun cloth, he has never seen many manual workshops for processing cotton products.  "It seems that there is really no such thing. The spinning, weaving and other processes of cotton products are almost all processed in rural families. But why is this? Our southern Jiangsu area is also the center of silk textile. In contrast, those engaged in silk processing  There are many workshops, but not many families are engaged in silk processing. "Both are the result of competition between handicraft workshops and family side businesses!" After Yuan Baoshan explained, Yang Shaowen finally understood the reason.  Why is silk processing not popular among family side jobs?  First of all, the raw material of the silk industry is silk, which is expensive and the speed of weaving into high-grade silk and satin is also very slow, so it takes up a lot of working capital.  Cotton textile industryThere are about hundreds of warp yarns used, and thousands of warp yarns are needed to weave silk, which requires high technical requirements for weavers.  Silk industry production includes reeling, winding, weft fixing, warp drawing, heddling, hammering, splicing, jacquard and other processes. Each process requires quite professional skills. The silk industry is highly specialized and many processes  It requires the cooperation of many people, which is far from being completed by a single person, and the machinery and equipment required are also expensive.  Therefore, farmers in southern Jiangsu are limited to planting mulberry, raising silkworms, or reeling and selling raw silk.  But cotton textiles can best meet the requirements of family sideline business.  Cotton spinning machines and looms have simple structures and low purchase costs.  Cotton is also much cheaper than silk.  The single-spindle spinning wheel can be used by people of all ages, and the technology for weaving plain weave is not complicated and requires no professional technicians.  Spinning and weaving each require one person to operate and can be performed separately, without the need for multiple people to collaborate.  There is no continuity in these tasks, and the operator can stop at any time.  It is precisely because of these characteristics that the cotton textile industry has become the best sideline industry for local farmers in southern Jiangsu and even the entire Jiangnan.  The silk industry and cotton industry could originally be produced in handicraft workshops.  But once farmers choose them as family sideline production, they will inevitably compete with handicraft factories.  The intensity of the pressure on the latter depends on the size of its remaining living space, and depends on the popularity of rural sideline production, the number of employees, and the size of the output.  In short, the competition between these two production methods is cost competition.  Manual workshops require high investment in fixed assets such as site equipment, and when factories employ workers for production, the minimum wages paid must not be less than the minimum cost of living for workers.  In contrast, a family sideline business can earn one penny for a penny. In this case, there is no lower limit on the labor cost of a farmhouse sideline business.  Therefore, manual workshops are more sensitive to product prices.  If they want to survive, they must achieve a slight surplus after deducting the minimum wage of workers and depreciation of assets. If the product prices on the market cannot meet the requirements, the manual workshops will have no choice but to close down.  The current cotton textile market is obviously unable to meet the survival needs of handicraft workshops.  Under the threat of foreign gauze and foreign cloth, the prices of gauze and cloth are extremely low, and family side businesses can only survive in a miserable way, and it is even harder for handicraft workshops to survive.  This is why manual workshops are almost extinct in cotton spinning production.  Unless the manual workshop has a huge production efficiency advantage compared to the family sideline cotton spinning processing, otherwise, Yang Shaowen's cotton textile manual workshop will not be a good idea.  After listening to Yuan Baoshan¡¯s analysis, it seems that another path has been cut off.  Yang Shaowen is confused about the future direction of the company.  Originally committed to tapping the potential of rural handmade cotton textiles, now it seems that the future of this road does not seem too good.  Is it entering power machine cotton spinning?  But the company is not ready yet, and the local infrastructure does not have the infrastructure to develop power machine textiles.  After thinking too much, he even became confused about his life goal in this era.  The original purpose of my own business was to get rid of the survival crisis and create better living conditions for my younger brothers and sisters. This purpose has now been achieved.  So what are you fighting for now?  For the employees below?  With the current situation of the company, they can already have food and clothing without worries.  Are you going to save the country and the people in this troubled time and join the revolution?  I have neither the temperament of a revolutionary nor the qualities of a hero, so I cannot do such a big thing.  To realize the ideal of saving the country through industry?  This seems like a solid choice.  In this chaotic era, anyone with any sense is worried about the future of the country and the nation, and is thinking hard about how to save the country.  It is also very appropriate for him to choose the path of industrial salvation based on his own strengths.  But now we have encountered some setbacks in the business direction.  That night, Yang Shaowen suffered from insomnia.
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