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Text Chapter 268 Counterattack

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    Since the German army was unable to organize an effective attack due to weather reasons, and the weather was getting colder, resulting in a lack of military supplies for the German army and the lengthening of the battle line, etc., the German army stopped attacking all the way.  But after the Soviet army got some breathing time, until the end of October, the Soviet Supreme Command began to withdraw some troops as reserves to give them the necessary rest, and new reserves were constantly arriving.  Late October, front line, Kalinin Kubinka Serpukhov Alexin Tula.  Although the German army suffered heavy losses, it still increased its troops and changed its deployment in an attempt to encircle and occupy Moscow before winter came.  Moscow became the target of German air strikes.  The Moscow air defense force fought tenaciously against the German air force in the air. In October, the German army carried out 31 air raids on Moscow, involving a total of 2,000 aircraft. 278 of them were shot down, and only 72 broke into the sky above Moscow.  The army and workers are building new defense areas close to Moscow, and 450,000 residents of the capital have been mobilized to build fortifications, 75% of whom are women.  Moscow evacuated many government offices and most important enterprises.   On October 20, the National Defense Commission imposed martial law in Moscow and its surrounding areas.  The authorities ordered residents to build fortifications in the streets, even near the Kremlin, and to form new militia divisions to prepare the city for street fighting.  The Soviet government retreated eastward to Kuibyshev (now Samara), but Stalin remained in Moscow.  In early November, the Soviet army in Moscow was supplemented by 100,000 men, 300 tanks, and 2,000 artillery pieces.  In order to improve the morale of the people and the army.  Stalin ordered a military parade to commemorate the October Revolution to be held in Red Square on November 7th.  The troops reviewed in front of the Kremlin and then went directly to the front.  The Soviet Army reinforced the Western Front with reserves and additional troops.  November 10th.  The Bryansk Front was withdrawn.  The armies of all fronts were ordered to guard the occupied areas and prevent the German troops from encircling Moscow from the northwest and southwest.  November 13th.  German Army Chief of Staff Hader held a meeting of the chiefs of staff of each corps at the headquarters of the Central Army Group and issued the "1942 Autumn Offensive Order."  The zhongy¨¡ng Army Group concentrated a total of 51 divisions for this purpose.  The one responsible for the frontal attack was Kruger's 4th Army; on its left was Huth's 3rd Armored Corps and Heppner's 4th Armored Corps, whose mission was to encircle Moscow from the north and west respectively; on the right was Guderian.  The 2nd Armored Corps surrounded Moscow from the south.  On November 14, Stalin and Shaposhnikov issued counter-assault orders.  Zhukov did not agree with this.  The counter-assault was carried out by Rokossovsky's 16th Army and Zakhalkin's 49th Army. The targets of the counter-assault were the northern and southern flanks of the German army in the Volokolamsk area and the lower Nara River area.  wing.  This move had little effect except to contain some of Kruger's forces.  On November 15th and 18th, after adjustments and supplements, the German army launched a new attack on Moscow.  The German army carried out major assaults in Kalinin along the directions of Klin, Rogachevo and Tula in an attempt to bypass Moscow from the north and south. In addition, on November 17th, the Soviet Supreme Command headed by Stalin issued Order No. 0428. The order's  The aim was to destroy and burn all residential areas along the front.  End of November and beginning of December.  The German troops advanced to the Moscow Canal at great cost.  Kalinin fell on December 4.  On December 5, Tula, a small town 165 kilometers south of Moscow, was partially surrounded.  The German army encountered stubborn resistance from the Soviet army.  Fighting near Moscow becomes increasingly fierce.  The Soviet army sent countless recruits and volunteers, and even a women's battalion, into the German machine gun fire.  During the battle to defend Moscow, the performance of a Soviet combat group was particularly touching. They guarded a road intersection 200 kilometers away from Moscow. After a 4-hour fierce battle with the Germans, they destroyed 18 German tanks and killed dozens of Germans.  , and there are only 28 people left.  In order to motivate the soldiers, the political instructor Krochkov said the exciting words "Although Russia is big, it has no way to retreat, and Moscow is behind it."  In the end, all 28 warriors ran out of ammunition and food and died.  Krochkov jumped on the Germans with a bundle of grenades and blew up a German tank.  "After the Soviet army's tenacious defense and multiple counterattacks in late November and early December, the German army's final attempt to rush to Moscow failed. Although the Soviet army was often in a critical state, it finally persisted and consumed the German army. Only November 16 and December  5ri. The German army suffered more than 155,000 casualties near Moscow, and lost about 800 tanks, 300 artillery pieces, and nearly 1,500 aircraft. The winter of 1942 was extremely cold even by Russian standards.  , insufficient supplies, excessive consumption during the campaign, neither defensive positions nor battle reserves, nor preparations for fighting under winter conditions. Winter entered in early November. Although the roads could be used, the German army had insufficient winter equipment.  The war will be over before winter begins. Warm clothes and white camouflage clothing are insufficient, and tanks and other vehicles cannot move due to the low temperature.??.  The morale of the German army was severely damaged.  The morale of the Soviet army was high.  For the Soviet troops in Moscow, the situation was exactly the opposite.  The Soviet troops from Siberia have long been accustomed to life in the cold zone and have sufficient winter combat equipment. Their guns are equipped with thermal jackets and coated with antifreeze lubricants; they have enough cotton coats, leather boots and ear-protecting winter hats to protect them from the cold.  The United Kingdom and the United States provided 8.5 million pairs of military boots and 10,500 tons of boot leather to the Soviet Union.  The conditions for the Soviet army to switch to counterattack and crush the German army under the city of Moscow have been met.  Stalin appointed Lieutenant General Vasilevsky as Acting Chief of General Staff and ordered him to immediately formulate a counteroffensive plan.  The guiding ideology of the Soviet counterattack is to simultaneously crush the most dangerous assault groups of the German "zhongy¨¡ng" Army Group that threaten Moscow from the north and south.  The basic task of counterattack was given to the Western Front.  The Kalinin Front Army and the South-Western Front Army carried out assaults to the north and south respectively.  On December 5, 1942, Zhukov led the Soviet army to launch a large-scale counterattack. At this time, the German offensive capabilities had obviously exhausted.  The most important offensive is focused on the central army group.  On December 6, the offensive was fully launched in the Moscow area.  During the autumn, Zhukov transferred some well-equipped troops from Siberia and the Far East to Moscow, but they were kept for counterattack.  He believed the intelligence of Soviet spy Richard Sorge that Japan would not attack the eastern part of the Soviet Union. Sorge had already anticipated Plan Barbarossa before this.  At this time, the enemy was very close to the center of Moscow. He invested a large number of reinforcements to counter the German offensive, including newly built T34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers.  Soviet units were prepared for winter warfare, including multiple ski camps.  On December 8, Hitler signed an order to shift to defense along the entire Soviet-German battlefield, including the direction of Moscow.  On December 9, the Soviet army liberated Rogachevo, Istria on the 11th, Solnechnogorsk on the 12th, Klin on the 15th, Kalinin on the 16th, and Voloko on the 20th.  Ramsk.  On December 16, the Soviet army liberated Tula.  On December 19, Hitler removed Brauchitsch from the post of Army Commander-in-Chief and concurrently served as Army Commander-in-Chief himself.  He issued an order saying: "Everyone should stand in his current position and fight back. When there is no established position in the rear, no retreat is allowed."  Although the German generals repeatedly requested a retreat, and both Guderian and Heppner were dismissed from their posts for retreating without authorization, Hitler believed that retreat must not occur, otherwise he would make the same mistake as Napoleon.  Although it was his stubbornness that brought this battle to the brink of disastrous defeat, it was also his stubbornness that prevented him from jumping into this abyss.  There is no doubt that because he refused to withdraw from the Soviet Union or the area east of Smolensk, his army avoided a catastrophe even more terrible than that of 1812.  Hitler¡¯s plan was different from Napoleon¡¯s. It was not a full retreat but a movement to the rear, turning the original supply lines into resistance strongholds. By the end of December, southwest of Moscow, the Soviet army recaptured Kaluga.  In the northwest, Kalinin was also recovered by the Soviet army.  To the southeast, the Soviet army lifted the German siege of Tula.  The Battle of Moscow ended, and the Soviet army achieved its first major victory since the outbreak of the Soviet-German War.  The German army lost more than 500,000 personnel, more than 1,300 tanks, and 2,500 artillery pieces.  The German army had to change its "blitz war" into a protracted war.  On January 7, 1943, Kalinin, north of Moscow, was also recaptured.  In early January, the counterattack in the western strategic direction was completed.  The exhausted German troops have retreated 100 to 250 kilometers away.  Of the 38 German divisions, 15 tank and motorized divisions were severely damaged.  The assault group attacking Moscow was defeated, panicking the German army. Hitler demanded that every residential area be defended without retreating until the last soldier was left.  On January 8, the Western Front, Kalinin Front and Bryansk Front (reconstructed on December 24) launched an offensive campaign to attack Vyazma.  Due to the lack of experience in conducting large-scale offensive operations and the lack of rapid corps, the task assigned to encircle and annihilate the basic strength of the "zhongy¨¡ng" Army Group was not fully completed. In early February, German reinforcements (12 divisions and 2 brigades) from Western Europe  ) and the northern wing of the Central Army Group carried out counterattacks respectively, and the Soviet army's situation deteriorated.  On April 20, the Soviet Supreme Command ordered the western troops to move to defense and withdraw the external combat troops, and the battle ended.  In April 1942, the German troops attacking Moscow were killed and wounded 168,000 people, and were driven by the Soviet army to areas 100 or even 350 kilometers away from Moscow.  The Soviet Union paid a heavy price of more than 700,000 casualties and prisoners and won the final victory in the battle to defend Moscow.  But is this really victory?  No one knows that Soviet Russia¡¯sHow terrifying an opponent is.  It was their arrival that completely changed the world.  (To be continued. Mobile phone users please read here.)
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