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Text Chapter 267 Moscow

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    On June 22, 1942, Nazi Germany and its allies invaded the Soviet Union, surprising the Soviet Union and the leadership of the Soviet Red Army.  <->The German army quickly penetrated into Soviet territory using blitzkrieg tactics.  The armored forces advanced in a pincer movement, first isolating and then completely destroying the Soviet forces.  The German Army Group North advances towards Leningrad, Army Group South conquers Ukraine and the Caucasus Highlands, and Army Group Center advances towards Moscow.  The Soviet defense line soon collapsed, leaving a mass of casualties.  In early August 1942, the German army captured Smolensk, an important stronghold on the way to Moscow. However, the battle in Smolensk hindered the German offensive until mid-September, effectively dismantling the blitzkrieg tactics.  Afterwards, Guderian¡¯s armored forces reached the outskirts of Moscow, but the Nazi leader Hitler ordered him to turn south to support the attack on Kiev by Army Group South commanded by Rundstedt.  After missing the best opportunity to attack, until September of the same year, the German army concentrated its forces to launch an attack on Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, after capturing Smolensk and Kiev.  First, concentrate part of the troops of the Northern and Southern Army Groups into the Central Consolidated Army Group.  The plan for the "Typhoon" operation was mainly formulated through consultation between the German High Command and Bock's Army Group Center. All plans were reviewed and approved by Hitler.  The accuracy of the German intelligence agency's judgment on the Soviet troops deployed directly in front of Moscow has been greatly improved, but there are still imperfections.  It believes that the order of battle of the Soviet army is: deployed in the front are the seven armies of Timoshenko's Western Front, and to the south are the two armies of Yeremenko's Bryansk Front.  They knew nothing about the situation of the Soviet troops in the rear.  The strength of the Western Front was estimated at seventy to one hundred divisions, which proved to be little different from the actual strength.  The hastily established defense line in the direction of the capital, Moscow, was easily identifiable from the air.  Bao Ke¡¯s mission is.  Before attacking Moscow, first annihilate the Soviet troops facing them.  The basic content of the German plan is to use the Smolensk-Moscow line as the baseline in the center to divide the troops into two lines to carry out a pincer-like encirclement.  The two armies were to meet at Vyazma, about eighty miles behind the Soviets.  At the same time, since July, the Soviet government has recruited migrant workers to build fortifications on the two defense lines west of Moscow.  More than three-quarters of migrant workers are women.  The former line of defense was called the Vyazma Line.  Its northernmost point is about thirty miles east of Ostashkov.  Not far from the Valdai Mountains, it passes through the area west of Vyazma, and the southernmost point is south of Kirov, with a total length of more than 200 miles.  The latter line of defense is called the Moresk Line of Defense, which is about 80 miles west of Moscow, from Volokolamsk to Tikhvin, and is about 160 miles long.  In addition, there are four arc-shaped defense lines west of Moscow.  At the same time, the Soviet Union came from Central Asia.  The Far East mobilized troops to defend Moscow.  The intended goals in the German army's "Barbarossa" combat plan were not achieved.  For this reason, the German High Command formulated the "Operation Typhoon" combat plan on September 29, 1942, to capture Moscow within 10 days.  At the end of September, the German army assembled its troops and prepared for the "Typhoon" offensive.  On October 2, 1942, Army Group Center under the command of Fedor von Bock finally launched an attack on Moscow, codenamed Operation Typhoon.  The German army considers Moscow to be of great political and military strategic importance.  The German army planned to launch an assault with various tank groups to separate the Soviet defense.  And encircled and annihilated the Western Front, Reserve Front and Bryansk Front in the Vyazma and Bryansk areas, and then surrounded Moscow from the north and south with a powerful and rapid group. While the infantry corps carried out a frontal attack, they captured the Soviet capital.  To achieve this purpose.  The basic strength of the German army is concentrated in the "Center" Army Group east of Smolensk (commanded by Marshal Bock).  The "Center" Army Group has jurisdiction over the 9th Army Group (commanded by General Strauss), 4th Army Group (commanded by Field Marshal Kruger), 2nd Army Group (commandered by General Weikes), and the 3rd Tank Army Group (commanded by General Hulk).  General), 4th (commander is General Hoppner), 2nd Group (commander is General Guderian) (from October 1941, the 2nd Tank Group was renamed the 2nd Tank Army, from January 1942  The 3rd and 4th Tank Groups were renamed the 3rd and 4th Tank Armies respectively).  There are 74 and a half divisions in total, including 14 tank divisions and 8 motorized divisions.  That is, about 38% of the total infantry divisions on the Soviet-German battlefield, and 64% of the tank divisions and motorized divisions.  The Army is supported by the 2nd Air Force.  The total number of Army Group "Center" is approximately 1.8 million.  There are 1,700 tanks, more than 14,000 artillery and mortars, and 1,390 aircraft.  The German army had an advantage not only in quantity, but also in terms of weapon quality, because at that time more than half of the Soviet tanks and aircraft were old models.  The German army has particularly obvious advantages in tanks, aviation, and motorized infantry.  On the other hand, the Soviet army's preparation for participating in the Battle of Moscow was obviously insufficient.  Western Front, Reserve Front, Bryansk Front, Kalinin Front and Western FrontThe right wing of the Southern Front.  On October 10, Zhukov took over the command of the Western Front and the defense of Moscow.  As of the end of September, the Soviet Western Front (commanded by General Konev) was in charge of the 22nd (commanded by Major General Vostrukhov) and the 29th (commanded by Lieutenant General Maslennikov). In December, why  Major General Vetsov), the 30th (commanded by Major General Khomenko, in November Major General Lelyushenko), the 19th (commanded by Lieutenant General Lukin, in November Lieutenant General Bolkin, in November reorganized into the 1st Assault Army)  , the 16th Army (commanded by Lieutenant General Rokossovsky) and the 20th Army (commanded by Lieutenant General Yershakov) in an area more than 300 kilometers northwest of Ostashkov and Yelnya  Occupy defense.  The Reserve Front (commanded by Marshal Budyonny of the Soviet Union) consists of the 24th Army (commanded by Major General Rakutin) and the 43rd Army (commanded by Major General Sobennikov, in October Lieutenant General Akimov, in October  Major General Golubev) defended the 100-kilometer front in the direction of Roslavli, while the remaining 31st (commanded by Major General Dormatov, and in October, Major General Yushkevich), 49th (commanded by Zaha  Lieutenant General Erkin), the 32nd Army (commanded by Major General Vishnevsky), and the 33rd Army (commanded by Brigadier Onupryenko, and in October Lieutenant General Yefremov) were placed in the Western Front  rear.  The Bryansk Front (commanded by General Yeremenko) has jurisdiction over the 50th (commanded by Major General Petrov, in 1011 by Colonel Yermakov, in November by Lieutenant General Bolkin), the 3rd (commanded by Kremlin)  Major General Leizer, Lieutenant General Pushennikov in December), the 13th Army and an army-level group guard an area of ??more than 300 kilometers west and south of Bryansk.  In total, the three fronts in the west totaled 1.25 million men, 990 tanks, 7,600 artillery and mortars, and 677 aircraft.  As the Soviet army was retreating steadily, there was obviously a morale problem.  The German army was advancing with great success, and its morale was high.  If they didn't know the final direction, no one would think that Soviet Russia could win this battle. Even Stalin seemed worried.  According to the "Typhoon" plan, the German 2nd Armored Group started attacking in the direction of Bryansk on September 30, and the 3rd and 4th Armored Groups started attacking in the direction of Vyazma on October 2.  Despite fierce Soviet resistance, the Germans managed to break through the defenses.  The German 2nd Army broke through the defense lines of the Soviet 50th Army and captured Bryansk in late September 1941.  Orel fell on October 3.  The German troops advanced along the road to Oreltula.  West of Moscow in the direction of Vyazma, the Western Front and the Reserve Front fought hard defensive battles.  The German army entered the Vyazma area on October 7, where most of the troops from the two fronts were surrounded and resisted tenaciously until October 12-13.  On the 13th, most of the Soviet Vyazma Group was wiped out. Part of the besieged army later broke out of the encirclement, and some stayed behind enemy lines to carry out guerrilla struggles.  The Bryansk Front also retreated after being trapped in a battle encirclement. On the 23rd, most of the Soviet Bryansk Group was wiped out.  The German army captured 670,000 Soviet troops in the Battle of Vyazmabryansk.  The Zaysk Defense Line became Moscow¡¯s main resistance area close to the ground.  The four armies have a total of only about 90,000 people.  These forces were insufficient to establish a solid defense across the entire area.  In order to improve army command, the Western Front Army and the Reserve Front Army were combined into the Western Front Army on October 10, with General Zhukov as commander.After Zhukov was appointed, he transferred the elite troops of 25 infantry divisions and 9 armored brigades deployed in Siberia to the outskirts of Moscow one after another. He quickly rebuilt four armies and mobilized Moscow citizens to organize 25 troops within 3 days.  Workers' battalions, militia divisions of 120,000 people, and 169 street fighting groups mobilized 450,000 people to build three lines of defenses around the city of Moscow, of which three-quarters were women.  By the end of October, women and children alone had built 72,000 kilometers of anti-tank trenches and excavated more than 3 million cubic meters of soil.  The city of Moscow, which was in a defensive state, was tightly blocked by barricades, deer villages, and fortifications, resulting in a serious shortage of food.  In mid-October and early November, in many fierce battles in the defense area of ??Mozhaysk, the Soviet army put up tenacious resistance to the superior strength of the German army and blocked it in the Lama River, Ruza River, Nala River and other areas.  .  On October 14, the German army broke into the Kalinin area.  On October 16, there were rumors that Moscow was about to fall.  Some factories blew up machinery and equipment, and some workers fled Moscow.  On October 17, the Kalinin Front Army (commanded by General Konev) was formed based on the right wing of the Western Front (22nd, 29th, 30th, and 31st Group Armies).  The German army's attempt to develop an offensive from Kalinin to the southeast and advance out of the rear of the Northwest Front and the Western Front was shattered.  Although the German army wiped out a large number of Soviet troops in the Battle of Vyazmabryansk, as the weather turned cold and autumn rain turned the road into a quagmire, it almost paralyzed the German offensive.  The German army was forced to stop advancing across the entire line, waiting for the ground to freeze.  The temporary halt of the German army's advance gave the Soviet army valuable breathing time.  (To be continued. 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