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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 48: Rong Zhai's essays, a general lesson from Zizhi

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    One of the Demonic Rebels: The Floating Pot Space©¤Hong Mai

    Hong Mai (1123-1202), named Jinglu and Rongzhai, was born in Poyang, Raozhou (now Poyang County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province), and was the third son of Hong Hao.  A famous official in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, a bachelor of Longtuge, and a bachelor of Duanming Palace.  He is famous for his notes "Rong Zhai Essays" and "Yi Jian Zhi".

    Song Huizong Xuanhe was born in the fifth year (1123), and he was the third son of Hong Hao, a famous official in the Southern Song Dynasty.  I read thousands of words every day when I was young, and I can't forget them once I read them. I have a lot of books on them.

    In the fifteenth year of Shaoxing (1145), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he became a Jinshi and was awarded the title of Transshipment Department of Zhejiang and Zhejiang Provinces.  After being moved to the Ministry of Official Affairs, he also served as the Minister of Rites.

    In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161), he moved to Zuo Si Yuan Wai Lang.

    In the spring of the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Jin Shizong sent Gao Zhongjian, the left supervisor, to declare his accession to the throne and discuss peace. Hong Mai served as an envoy to accompany him, congratulated him on his accession to the throne, and went to the Kingdom of Jin as an envoy, but he returned humiliated.

    Song Xiaozong, the first year of Longxing (1163), knew Quanzhou.

    In the second year of Qiandao (1166), he learned about Jizhou and became a living person.

    In the third year of Qiandao (1167), he moved to live as a living man, worshiped as a scholar in Zhongshushe, served as an attendant, and went straight to the bachelor's college.

    In the sixth year of Qiandao (1170), he learned about Ganzhou.

    In the second year of Chunxi (1175), he learned about Wuzhou and built water conservancy projects.  Specially moved to the pavilion to be built.

    In the third year of Chunxi (1176), it was suggested that Xupu open a river of thirty-six miles and build two weirs at Meili. He also suggested building flat boats with multi-oar bottoms, recruiting wealthy merchants from the coast to join the boats and giving them titles, and recruiting those who were good at boating to supplement the water army.  In the same year, he promoted the concept of blessing gods and served as a lecturer and fellow student of national history.

    In the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), he became a bachelor of Hanlin.

    In the first year of Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of Song Dynasty (1190), he entered Huanzhang Pavilion as a bachelor and learned about Shaoxing Prefecture.

    In the second year of Shaoxi's reign, he retired and entered Longtuge as a bachelor.  Looking for a bachelor from Duanming Palace to become an official.

    Song Ningzong died in the second year of Jiatai (1202).  Year eighty.  Presented to Dr. Guanglu, posthumously named Min.

    Hong Mai's works include five volumes of "Rong Zhai Essays", "Yi Jian Zhi", "Historical Records of the Four Dynasties", "Qin Zong Ji", etc.  He has compiled "Ten Thousands of Tang Dynasty Quatrains".

    "Rong Zhai Essays" is as famous as "Mengxi Bi Tan" by Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty. "Meng Xi Bi Tan" is good at science and technology, while "Rong Zhai Essays" is good at historical materials and textual research. It is recognized as a must-read book for studying the history of the Song Dynasty.  In August of the 14th year of Chunxi, this book was personally praised by Song Xiaozong.

    Hong Mai made it clear at the beginning of "Rong Zhai Essays": Mr. Yu was lazy and didn't read much, so he immediately recorded what he had in mind.  Because they are sequential and cannot be repeated in full, they are called essays.

    "Rong Zhai Essays" includes: essays, continuations, three strokes, four strokes, and five strokes:

    "Rong Zhai Essays", Volumes 1 to 16, were completed in the seventh year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1180).

    "Rong Zhai's Continuing Bi", Volumes 1 to 16, was completed in the second year of Shaoxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1193).

    "Rong Zhai's Three Strokes" Volume 1 to Volume 16.  It was completed in the second year of Qingyuan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1196).

    "Rong Zhai's Four Strokes", Volumes 1 to 16, were completed in the third year of Qingyuan of the Southern Song Dynasty (1197).

    "Rongzhai Wubi" Volume 1 to Volume 10, a total of 135 pieces; unfinished.

    There are 5 works in total, 74 volumes, and 1220 articles in total. Each article has a title and is not classified.  "Rong Zhai Essays" is rich in content and all-inclusive.  It roughly includes the following aspects:

    Comments on historical events and historical figures, such as "The Warring States Period Suicide", "The Presence of the Zhou and Han Dynasties", "Cao Cao Kills Yang Xiu", "Cao Cao Employs People".

    Historical records: "Fengzhan of the Han and Tang Dynasties", "The Emperors of the Han and Tang Dynasties Controlled Robbery", "Postal Collection of the Han and Tang Dynasties", "Buying and Herding Horses", "Palace Civil Engineering".

    ?Historical materials, regulations, and product inspections: "The Chiefs of the Three Provinces" and "The Names of Han Officials".

    Review of monographs: "Shuangshuangpu", "Zhao Defu Jinshilu", "Cefu Yuangui", "Guiguzi Shu", "Warring States Policy"

    Words: "Du Shi Words", "Poetry Change", "Si Zi Two Sound", "Step in the Gongyang", "Ending of the Words", "Early Ancients of the Country".

    Animals and plants: "Peony of Tang Dynasty", "Shuluo tree", "Eggplant color of birds, livestock and vegetables is different", "Rabbit, Sunflower and Oats", "Bitter Osmanthus".

    Medicine: "Fulong Gan", "Thunder God Pao Moxibustion Treatise".

    Poetry records; such as "Lianchang Palace Poems", "Qinglong Temple Poems", "Danqing Yin", "Li Changji Poems", "Dongpo Luofu Poems", "Lao Du Hanshan Poems".

    Buddhist scriptures: "Four Sentences of the Diamond Sutra", "Stanzas of the Many Heart Sutra", "Seven Extremes of Motes", and "Eight Kinds of Classics".

    Heaven, calendar, and astrology: "Moon Double and Leap Double", "Star Divination", "Seven Heavenly Policies".

    The art of war and military system: "Three Yamen Military System", "Lubu", "A military strategist is more important than preparation", "A general is a specialist"

    Customs: "Raozhou Customs", "Tianqing Festival", "He Bo Marries a Wife", "Twins", "Drinking on New Year's Day", "Uncle's Marriage"

    ??Things: "Shou Tinghou Yin", "Zi Ji Guan Song", "Gu Chu Yu"

    Geography: "Yu Di Dao Li Wrong"

    Lu Xun pointed out in "Miscellaneous Talks after Illness" that the Qing Dynasty engraving deleted the content in the Song and Ming engravings that was not conducive to the Qing Dynasty.

    One of the Demon Guardians - Sima Guang

    Sima Guang (1019©¤1086), also known as Junshi.  No. Yusou.  He was born on October 18th, the third year of Tianxi reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, and died on September 1st, the first year of Yuanyou year of Emperor Zhezong of Song Dynasty, at the age of 66.  A native of Sushui Township, Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province), he is known as Mr. Sushui in the world.

    Sima Guang was a politician, scholar and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty.  He served as an official in Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong and Zhezong dynasties.  He presided over the compilation of Zizhi Tongjian, the first chronological general history in Chinese history.

    Sima Guang, known as Mr. Sushui in the world.  He was a Jinshi during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty.  During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, he entered Longtuge and became a bachelor.

    During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi implemented reforms. Many people inside and outside the court opposed it, and Sima Guang was one of them.  After Wang Anshi's political reform, Sima Guang left the court for fifteen years and concentrated on compiling "Zizhi Tongjian", studying hard and diligently.  In his own words: the day is insufficient, followed by the night.

    In the last years of the Song Dynasty, Renzong was appointed as the official of Tianzhang Pavilion and served as a lecturer in the Admonishment Court. He determined to compile "Tongjian" as a reference for feudal rule.  In the third year of Zhiping (1066), eight volumes of Shangjin were compiled from the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, and Yingzong ordered the establishment of a bureau to continue the revision.  Emperor Shenzong gave the book the title "Zizhi Tongjian".

    He strongly opposed Wang Anshi's new policy and argued with Anshi in front of the emperor, emphasizing that the laws of his ancestors were immutable.  When he was appointed as Deputy Privy Envoy, he refused to resign.  The following year, he retired to Luoyang and continued to compile "Tongjian" in a bookstore. It was completed in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084).

    He wrote everything himself from the creation of rules to the deletions and final drafts.  In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Song Zhezong came to the throne. Empress Dowager Gao took charge of the government and summoned him to the capital to take charge of state affairs. The following year, he was appointed as Shangshu Zuopushe and concurrently as a disciple. Within a few months, he abolished the new law and deposed the new party.  After eight months as prime minister, he died of illness and was posthumously granted the title of Duke Wen.  His posthumous works include "Sima Zhenggong Collection", "Ji Gu Lu", etc., and many famous works have been circulated by the public.

    Sima Guang's distant ancestors can be traced back to Sima Fu, King of Anping Xian of the Western Jin Dynasty. Sima Guang's father, Sima Chi, was a doctor in the Ministry of War and a waiter in Tianzhang Pavilion (belonging to Hanlin Academy). He served as an advisor to the emperor in Cangshu Pavilion and was ranked fourth rank.  , has always enjoyed a high reputation for being honest and kind.

    When Sima Guang was born, his father Sima Chi was serving as the magistrate of Guangshan County in Guangzhou, so he named him Guang. When he was seven years old, he was as awe-inspiring as an adult. After hearing the "Zuo Family Spring and Autumn Annals", he could understand its main purpose. From then on,  Without letting go of the book, I don't know hunger, thirst, cold or heat.

    Sima Guang was deeply influenced by his father. A maid used hot soup to peel the hu pit for him. His sister asked him who did it. Sima Guang replied that he peeled it himself. His father scolded him. How could a child lie? Sima Guang  He has stopped telling lies since then.

    The story of Sima Guang breaking the water tank. When he was playing with a group of children when he was a child, a child accidentally fell into the water tank. The other children were scared away. Only Sima Guang was quick to act and picked up a big stone and broke the water tank.  , the story of saving a child.

    In Tokyo (now Kaifeng) and Luoyang at that time, some people painted this story as "The Picture of a Child Hitting an Urn" and it was widely circulated.  The little Sima Guang was calm, witty and brave in times of trouble, which has been passed down through the ages.

    In the first year of Baoyuan (1038) of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty, he was promoted to Jinshi Jiake and served as a local official in Huazhou (now Zhengxian County, Henan Province).
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