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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 39: Palace

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    The northern section, that is, the Great Wall north of the Yellow River, runs along the Langshan Mountain in the western section of Yinshan Mountain, east to the northern foot of Daqing Mountain, then eastward through present-day Jining and Xinghe in Inner Mongolia to Shangyi, Hebei, and then northeast through present-day Zhangbei and Weichang, Hebei.  Then it goes eastward through Fushun and Xihou to the southeast, and ends at Suicheng County, Lelang County, Han Dynasty (now where the Qingchuan River enters the sea in North Korea).

    Compared with the modern Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, the scale of the Qin Great Wall is far smaller.  Today, in Guyang County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near Jiuyuan, there are remnants of the Great Wall built by the Qin Dynasty.

    However, many people in later generations questioned the significance of Qin Shihuang's construction of the Great Wall. Jia Junfang of the Western Han Dynasty commented on this as recruiting troops to attack far away, greedy for external affairs but weak for internal affairs, and wanting to expand the territory without worrying about the harm.  .

    Not long after Meng Tian died, the Xiongnu easily crossed the Qin Great Wall, not only regained the original lost territory, but also invaded Yanjun and Daijun.  It can be seen that the role of the Great Wall in resisting the Huns was not as great as imagined.

    Starting from 220 BC (the 27th year of Qin Shi Huang), Qin Shihuang began to build a large-scale Chidao centered on Xianyang, the capital, extending in all directions. It was similar to a modern expressway, connecting the old land of Qin with the old roads in the original Six Kingdoms.  and expand it.  Li Si was one of the ministers in charge of the Chidao construction project.

    Chidao was originally a road exclusively used by the emperor. It was originally built to facilitate the First Emperor's parade, and its military use was just an incidental function.

    According to the "Hanshu Jiashan Biography", the Qinchi Road was 50 paces wide (69 meters today), with a tree about three feet (7 meters today) apart, which was used to calculate the mileage of the road.

    On both sides of the Chi Road, poplar, willow, locust, elm and other trees are planted according to local conditions.  The roadbed of Chidao is thickened and has a turtle-back shape.  A gentle slope is formed, which is conducive to drainage. The famous Chi Road includes Shangjun Road, Linjin Road, Dongfang Road, Wuguan Road, West Road, Qinzhan Road and Qinzhi Road.

    Among the many Chi Dao, Qin Zhidao is the most famous.  According to "Historical Records", the main purpose of Qin Shi Huang's order to build the Qin Straight Road was to travel around the world. Therefore, in the 35th year of Qin Shi Huang (212 BC), he appointed Meng Tian to build the Ganquan Palace (located in Yunyang, present-day Chunhua, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province).  The Jiuyuan County Straight Road from the northwest of the county) to the depths of the desert is 1,800 miles long, and the project is quite huge.  It can be said that it was a military highway more than 2,000 years ago. It not only required leveling mountains, but also splitting mountains and filling valleys. The terrain it passed was dangerous and inaccessible, and it even crossed the Ziwu Ridge with an altitude of 1,800 meters without avoiding it.  However, this straight road was never completed, but the remains of the straight road are still clearly visible in the mountains of northern Shaanxi Province today.

    According to research, Qin Zhidao is completely artificially built. The loess is fixed and hardened every six to seven centimeters, and then a layer of loess of the same thickness is spread.  Then it is hardened again. This construction method is called the block building method. The soil that has been hardened by the block building method will become very solid.  Plants cannot sprout and take root in this soil.  The hardened loess was beaten every six to seven centimeters to form a straight road of 1,800 miles. It can be imagined that the manpower, money and food consumed must be very staggering.

    However, the roads of the Qin Dynasty were not as solid as the cement roads of later generations.  When it rains, the road becomes muddy, and the chariots leave ruts on the muddy ground.  When the weather clears, hard wheel grooves will be left on the road surface.  Chariots with wheels with different distances (i.e., tracks) would have difficulty traveling due to differences in the grooves left on the road. This was the background for Qin Shihuang's promotion of chariots on the same track (unified vehicle spacing).

    In order to facilitate the transportation of troops and supplies needed to conquer Lingnan, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of a canal from Nantong to Baiyue.  After on-site inspection, it was found that the distance between the Xiang River, which flows to the northeast and flows into the Yangtze River system, and the Li River, which flows from Guilin to the south and flows into the South China Sea, is very short, only about 40 kilometers in current units.  If these two rivers are dug through, the Yangtze River system will be connected to the South China Sea.

    However, the water level gap between the Xiangjiang River and the Lijiang River was huge, and the projects failed one after another. It was not until Qin Shi Huang ordered his envoy Jian Lu (called Shi Lu in history books) to dig a canal that the Yangtze River system was finally connected with thirty-six water gates in 214 BC.  The project with the Pearl River water system was called Qin Zhuo Canal. Later, because the upper reaches of the Li River had zero water, it was also called Ling Canal and Mio Canal.  After the Tang Dynasty, Fang changed its name to Lingqu, commonly known as Douhe.

    Lingqu Canal is located in Xing'an County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province, with a total length of 364 kilometers and a width of ten meters. It consists of sub-projects such as the Mouth, Big and Small Balances, Drainage Balance, South Canal, North Canal, Qindi and Doumen.

    Huazui is the main water diversion facility of Lingqu, located in the Xiangjiang River 25 kilometers southeast of Xing'an County.  During construction, it was built with feldspars on all sides and backfilled with sand and pebbles in the middle. It is about 6 meters high, 23 meters wide and 90 meters long. It is sharp at the front and blunt at the back, resembling a plowshare.

    The Huazui divides the water of the Xiangjiang River into two streams, of which seven percent is blocked by the water divider. Therefore, it flows along the Great Tianping and through the North Canal to the Xiangjiang River. The third third of the water flows into the Li River through the Little Tianping and the South Canal, which is the so-called Xiangjiang River.  Qili three.  For more than 2,000 years since its completion, it has been an important waterway transportation link between Lingnan and the Central Plains. In 1988, this project was designated as one of the national key protection units.

    Since modern times??With the opening of the Guangdong-Hankou Railway and the Hunan-Guangxi Railway, shipping in the Lingqu canal gradually stopped, but until now, the Lingqu canal is still used by local residents for domestic water and irrigation purposes.  On the other hand, now water gates are no longer used, but weirs are used to raise the water level of the Xiang River to solve the problem of the water level difference between the Li River and the Xiang River.

    As early as the time when Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, he had begun to build a large-scale palace for his own palace. Whenever a prince was destroyed, he would imitate the palace of that prince's country on the hillside north of Xianyang, ranging from Yongmen to the east to Jing and Wei.  At the intersection of the two rivers, there are overpasses and circular corridors connecting the palace rooms to each other, and the captured beauties and bells and drums instruments are placed inside.

    According to the "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", during the construction of Afang Palace, Qin Shihuang had planned to build 300 palaces in the middle of the pass and 400 palaces outside the pass.

    On the other hand, historical records also record that in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (212 BC), there were already 270 palaces within a radius of 200 miles of Xianyang City, connected to each other by overpasses and corridors, and curtains  , bells, drums and beauties are all placed inside.

    Palace name©¤Historical records©¤Remarks:

    "Sanfu Huangtu" of Liangshan Palace is located in Haowei County, Youfufeng (today's Qian County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province)

    Qutai Palace "Han Shu Jia Zou Meilu Biography" Ying Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: The place where the First Emperor ruled was like the Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty.

    Changle Palace is located to the south of the Wei River in "Shui Jing Annotation Volume 19, Under the Wei River", and to the north is the Xianyang Palace. The two palaces are connected by the Wei Bridge.

    Lanchi Palace is located twenty-five miles east of Xianyang County in the Tang Dynasty. One night in 216 BC, Qin Shihuang and four warriors were attacked by bandits near Lanchi Palace.

    Yichun Palace "Sanfu Huangtu" is one of Qin Shihuang's palaces. It is located in the southeast of Chang'an City, east of Du County, and near Xiadu.

    Wangyi Palace "Sanfu Huangtu" is located on the border of Jingyang County, adjacent to Jingshui River in the north, and looking to the north is where Yi Di is, so this is the name of the palace.  Hu Hai, the second emperor of Qin, was forced to commit suicide by Zhao Gao in Wangyi Palace.

    "Sanfu Huangtu" of Zhonggong is located 25 miles northeast of Hu County. It should be the place where Zhongqi rested after Qin Shihuang collected all the troops from the world and sold it to Zhongqi.

    Xianyang Palace is where Qin Shi Huang summoned Jing Ke.  Qin Shihuang and his ministers set up wine in Xianyang Palace.  Qin Shihuang used Xianyang Palace as a place to handle daily affairs and where ministers received orders.

    "Xin Palace" "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang" In the 27th year of Qin Shihuang, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of Xin Palace south of the Wei River. Soon after, the Xin Palace was renamed Jimiao to symbolize the North Star at the pole of the sky.  A road was opened from Ji Temple to Lishan Mountain, and the front hall of Ganquan was built, and a corridor with walls on both sides was built, connecting Xianyang to Lishan Mountain.

    Xingle Palace "Sanfu Huangtu" was built during the Qin Shihuang period and underwent many repairs during the Western Han Dynasty. It has a circumference of more than 20 miles.

    Epang Palace, also known as Afang Palace, is located on the south bank of the Wei River, fourteen miles northwest of Chang'an County (now Xi'an City). It was built during the reign of King Hui of Qin, but the death of King Hui put the construction of the palace on hold.
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