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Text Chapter 700: Surrender

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    The so-called Manhattan Project is actually the U.S. Department of War's plan to develop an atomic bomb. In early 1939, German chemist O. Hahn and physical chemist F. Strassmann published a paper on the phenomenon of uranium nuclear fission.  Within a few weeks, scientists from many countries verified this discovery and further proposed that it is possible to create conditions for this fission reaction to proceed self-sustaining, thereby opening up broad prospects for using this new energy to create wealth for mankind.  However, like many new scientific and technological discoveries in history, the development of nuclear energy was first used for military purposes, that is, to create powerful atomic bombs. The process was affected and restricted by the social and political conditions at the time.  Germany began to implement the "Uranium Project" as early as February 1937, with the purpose of creating an atomic bomb.  Because Hitler brazenly launched a war of aggression against Europe, a large number of European scientists, led by physicist J-F. Joliot-Curie, were forced to emigrate abroad, mainly to the United States.  In the United States, Hungarian physicist Zilard Leo, who moved from Europe, first considered that once fascist Germany mastered atomic bomb technology, it might have serious consequences.  After the efforts of Zilard Leo and several other scientists who immigrated to the United States from Europe, physicist Einstein wrote a letter to U.S. President Roosevelt in August 1939, suggesting the development of an atomic bomb, which attracted the attention of the U.S. government.  .  But because the U.S. government was not very interested in this, it only allocated $6,000 in funding at first. It was not until Japan attacked Pearl Harbor that the scale was expanded. By August 1942, it developed into a huge project codenamed "Manhattan Project Area."  About 600,000 people are directly employed, and more than 2 billion US dollars are invested.  In order to build an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany.  The Manhattan Project gathered the best nuclear scientists from Western countries except Nazi Germany at the time, and mobilized more than 100,000 people to participate in the project.  According to the original historical development, the Manhattan Project lasted 3 years and cost 2 billion US dollars. It finally successfully carried out the world's first nuclear explosion on July 16, 1945, and created two practical atomic bombs as planned. The entire project  A complete success.  But due to the emergence of Chen Feng, a large amount of history has undergone fundamental changes.  In particular, the early outbreak of World War II and the early outbreak of the Pacific War prompted the United States' Manhattan Project to be greatly advanced and enter the explosive test stage 11 months in advance. As long as the test is successful, a practical atomic bomb can be manufactured.  In the early morning of July 30, 1944, in a desert area in Alamogordo, New Mexico, as a huge mushroom cloud rose, the world's first atomic bomb was successfully tested.  Originally, it was according to what the scientists meant.  After the successful experiment in the desert, a sea test explosion was conducted on an atoll in the Pacific, but President Roosevelt refused. He ordered the headquarters of the Manhattan Project to immediately assemble a practical atomic bomb.  On August 5, 1944, Roosevelt called Chen Feng, Stalin and others, inviting them to go to Washington, USA, to hold a war conference against Japan.  Chen Feng and others went happily.  In Washington, Chen Feng and others received warm hospitality from the U.S. government. On the morning of August 6, as soon as the meeting began, Roosevelt distributed a stack of information to Chen Feng and others.  I saw the huge mushroom cloud picture on the document.  Chen Feng felt a thud in his heart, knowing that the United States had finally succeeded in building the atomic bomb.  It seems that the landing operation may be cancelled.  Sure enough, after Chen Feng and others read the document, Roosevelt told several people present about the successful atomic bomb test. Among the leaders of the participating countries, only China had not carried out research on atomic bombs. Both the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union had their own  "Manhattan Project", so after learning that the atomic bomb test was successful, Stalin and others were surprised, happy and worried.  The atomic bomb is not an ordinary bomb. Although Stalin and others did not know its power, according to the estimates of scientists from various countries, just one of these weapons is enough to destroy a city of one million people. It is extremely terrifying.  Now that the United States has taken the lead in mastering this weapon, it is definitely a great threat to the Soviet Union.  Fortunately, the two sides are now allies, and the atomic bomb will not fall on the heads of the Soviets for the time being.  As Chen Feng thought, Roosevelt proposed to use atomic bombs to destructively strike major cities in Japan before landing on the Japanese mainland, and then conduct landing operations after destroying the effective strength of the Japanese army. In this way, the losses of the Allied forces would be much smaller.  Chen Feng discovered that Roosevelt actually didn¡¯t know much about the performance of the atomic bomb, or that he didn¡¯t trust the power of the atomic bomb. Therefore, he was not prepared to stop the landing, but wanted to adopt a two-pronged approach.  Chen Feng was secretly happy. After the Japanese tasted the power of the atomic bomb, they would probably surrender without landing. The Allies' early preparations would be in vain, but he did not say this out loud.  According to the agreement between China, the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain, each of the four countries dispatched 800,000 troops and 500 ships from the four directions of east, west, north and south.?Close to the Japanese archipelago, preparing to land on the Japanese mainland on August 22, 1944.  Prior to this, on August 15, the US military will drop an atomic bomb each in Tokyo, the capital of Japan, and two other cities to undermine the Japanese government's confidence in resistance.  On August 12, Chen Feng returned to Chongqing from Washington. He communicated with the government that day. He told Mao Zhou and others that Japan's surrender was in the near future, and the Chinese government should do a good job in prosecuting senior Japanese military officers, politicians, and big businessmen.  , and we can start counting China's war losses.  At 8:00 a.m. on August 15, 1944, the B-29 Enola Gay of the 393d Bomb Squadron of the US Army took off from Beitian Air Force Base on Tinian Island, with a flight time of about 6 hours.  The Enola Gay headed for Tokyo, Japan, along with the scientific observation aircraft Grand Artist commanded by Major Charles W. Sweeney and the photographic observation aircraft commanded by Captain George Marquardt. ? 3 B-29 US aircraft entered Japanese airspace from high altitude again. Why do you say it again?  This is because during this period of time, Allied fighter planes have been conducting uninterrupted air strikes on the Japanese mainland, involving hundreds of fighter planes.  Now the Japanese government has almost adopted an indifferent attitude towards the sporadic Allied fighter planes that enter Japanese airspace.  According to the U.S. military¡¯s plan, the B-29 bomber loaded with atomic bombs entered Japanese airspace.  The bombing locations will be determined on their own based on weather conditions. Washington only gave the general areas of Kyoto, Hiroshima, Kokura, and Yokohama.  Among them, Kyoto City (Tokyo) is an AA-level target, Hiroshima City is an AA-level target, Yokohama City is an A-level target, and Kokura City is an A-level target.  On August 15th, the weather in Tokyo was very good and cloudless.  Shortly after U.S. warplanes entered Tokyo's airspace, Japan's early warning radar detected some U.S. aircraft approaching southern Japan.  Air raid warnings were issued in many cities.  Including Tokyo and Hiroshima as well as Yokohama.  But what is surprising is that at close to 9:20 a.m., the radar operator in Tokyo decided to lift the air raid alert, because judging from the signals displayed on the radar, the number of enemy aircraft entering Japan was very small, probably no more than three.  shelf.  In order to save fuel and aircraft, Japan has decided not to intercept small aircraft formations.  But the radar operator called the anti-aircraft battery.  They were asked to enter a state of alert. Once the enemy plane entered downtown Tokyo, the air defense forces immediately fired back.  Since the air defense alert was lifted, the Japanese people on the ground did not pay attention, because they learned from the broadcast that there were only three enemy fighters this time, and our own air defense forces were already in place.  Xiangbi will quickly shoot down or drive away the enemy.  Therefore, almost all citizens in the Tokyo metropolitan area are working normally.  At 9:50:33, the sighting device on the US plane carrying the atomic bomb was aimed at the Kyoto Garrison Headquarters and the nearby Japanese military camp, and the automatic bomb delivery device was activated.  Sixty seconds later, the atomic bomb fell into the air from the open hatch.  At this time the aircraft made a 155¡ã turn.  Dive down; in an instant, the flight altitude dropped by more than 300 meters.  This is done to stay as far away from the explosion site as possible.  45 seconds later.  The atomic bomb exploded in the air 600 meters above the ground, immediately emitting a dazzling and intense white flash, and a deafening explosion occurred over the center of Tokyo.  In an instant, a huge mushroom-shaped smoke cloud suddenly rolled up in the city, and then hundreds of fire pillars were erected, and Tokyo immediately turned into a sea of ????fire.  Due to the crosswind, the atomic bomb deviated from the aiming point garrison headquarters by about 500 meters and detonated 600 meters above the Japanese Army University.  Its explosive yield is 16,000 tons of TNT.  The total damage radius is about 1.6 kilometers, and the fire broke out within 11 square kilometers.  About 12 square kilometers of the urban area was destroyed, and about half of the buildings in Tokyo suffered devastating damage.  The intense light waves produced by the atomic bomb explosion blinded thousands of people; the 1 billion-degree temperature turned everything into ashes; the strong winds formed by the shock wave destroyed all buildings.  People and objects under the influence of the explosive core fall apart like atoms.  Far from the center, the burned remains of men, women and children could be seen in a flash.  Further away, some people were lucky enough to be alive, but they were either severely burned or had two holes burned into their eyes.  People can still feel the sultry air currents 16 kilometers away.  Due to Tokyo's dense population, the explosion caused nearly 100,000 direct deaths, and nearly 100,000 people were injured by the atomic bomb explosion and the resulting storm.  Less than two hours after the atomic bombing, the governments of China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union issued another statement urging the Japanese government to surrender immediately and unconditionally, otherwise it would be hit harder.  However, the tragedy in Tokyo did not lead Japan to immediately agree to accept the Allies' ultimatum or to surrender unconditionally.  The Japanese government and base camp tried their best to cover up the truth in Tokyo, claiming that a meteorite fell in Tokyo.  Japanese intelligence agencies believed that the United States did not have much raw materials to make an atomic bomb, and believed that the US military only had one atomic bomb, so they refused to surrender unconditionally.  On August 17, 1944, the U.S. Army??An atomic bomb was dropped each on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan.  150,000 people died in the two cities in one day, and another 50,000 people died in the following three days.  On the afternoon of the 17th, the Allies once again issued a statement urging the Japanese government to surrender immediately and unconditionally, otherwise Yokohama and Kokura would become the next targets. The Allies gave the Japanese government 3 days. If the Japanese government did not give a clear reply after 3 days, the Allies would  It will launch a nuclear attack on Japan and conduct a landing operation at the same time.  On August 22, 1944, the Emperor of Japan issued a surrender edict announcing unconditional surrender.
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