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Regarding the establishment of a bank, the court has been debating for many days, but there has been no result. This matter is unprecedented, and the things involved are relatively complicated. The formulation of various rules and regulations needs to be repeatedly considered based on the actual situation, even if it is discussed for a year and a half. Not surprising.
The problem is that what is being discussed at these meetings is not how to formulate various rules and regulations, but whether a bank should be established. There were many officials who opposed the establishment of a national bank.
Because banks¡¯ main profit channel is lending, many officials believe that they are competing with the people for profit.
Yang Yi originally didn¡¯t want to speak too much, but the more he listened, the more boring he became. These officials spoke in high-sounding terms. In fact, the real reason why they opposed so fiercely was that the establishment of the bank would harm their own interests.
¡° These days, one of the main ways for wealthy people to make money by lending usury to needy households is to a greater or lesser degree, all wealthy government and business households engage in loan sharking. Once the bank is established, it will undoubtedly have a great impact on their private interests.
At the court meeting, Du Heng, the imperial envoy in the palace, once again talked about competing with the people for profit. Yang Yi secretly smiled and went out with his wat in charge and said: "Queen Mother, I think the imperial court should completely abolish the salt and iron official camp. Tieguanying is really competing with the people for profit!"
Yang Yi¡¯s short sentence immediately caused an uproar in the court. The salt and iron official camp started from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Although it has always been criticized, the behavior of the salt and iron official camp has not been disparaged in all dynasties.
In the early period of the Song Dynasty, private salt and iron was banned for a time. Later, the policy was relaxed a little. In iron smelting and gold and silver mining, private drum casting was allowed in addition to the government-run iron smelting and gold and silver mining. Smelting households paid a tax of 2 cents and sold freely at 8 cents. Some government-run iron smelters were It was changed to private operation due to poor efficiency. Proportional taxes were levied, and the ban on iron and copper was also relaxed, allowing private citizens to make some bronze wares tax-free.
But overall, salt and iron were mainly produced by the government, and these two items alone accounted for a large proportion of the imperial court's annual income. Yang Yi suddenly proposed the abolition of the Yantie official camp. Can the officials not be in an uproar?
If nothing else, Cai Jing, the Minister of Household Affairs, immediately jumped out to object. She severely criticized Yang Yi: "Empress Dowager, it is absolutely impossible to completely abolish the salt and iron official business. Currently, salt, iron, wine, shipping, mining and metallurgy account for 40% of the annual income. If the salt and iron official business is abolished, the court will have a huge amount of money every year. Where do the expenses come from?¡±
Yang Yi replied: "I believe that if the official management of salt and iron is liberalized. As long as the court adjusts the taxation process, the annual revenue will not decrease, but may even increase. Many salt fields and mining industries are operated by the government, which is inefficient. Production The income was limited, so it had to be transferred to private operations. However, after private operation, it was able to achieve very good profits. It can be seen that the government operation is not as good as the private operation, and the court should not make unnecessary efforts to compete with the people for profits."
"Absurd, is this just a matter of profitability? Salt and iron are the lifeblood of the country, how can it be left to private individuals to operate?"
Yang Yi was neither angry nor defensive, and stood calmly in the train, as if he had never said anything.
Now most officials came to their senses. Yang Yi did not really want to abolish the Yantie Official Camp. He just wanted to explain that the Yantie Official Camp was indeed competing for profits.
Well, the official business of Yantie is to compete with the people for profit. You are so vigorous in running it. Although you set up a bank, you also have the intention of competing with the people for profit. However, the bank facilitates the raising and financing of social funds and has a great impact on promoting the economic development of the Song Dynasty. Are you justified in using the benefits of competing with the people as an excuse?
In the history of China, banks with banking characteristics appeared very early, and the bank accounts in the Qing Dynasty were even more prosperous. Shanxi merchants made a lot of money through bank accounts all over the country. It is impossible for officials not to know that this industry exists. Huge profits, but it was not until 1905, when the Qing Dynasty was about to fall, that the government established the first state-owned bank.
The reason for this, Yang Yi thinks, is that officials believe that they should not compete with the people for profit, and the "people" in this competition with the people are actually the bureaucratic class. What "benefits" can ordinary people get from it?
Now that the Ministry of Accounts has proposed the establishment of a national bank, many officials in the DPRK and China are opposed to it. The important reason is that it will harm their interests and reduce their private lending space. This naturally becomes what they call competing for profits with the people.
But Yang Yi will not argue with officials on this matter. He personally believes that it does not matter whether the court establishes a bank or not, as long as it does not prevent private individuals from establishing banks.
In the West, most of the first banks to appear were private banks. Precisely because capitalists control the lifeline of the country's economy through the financial industry, the capitalists' right to speak has been further expanded and the foundation of capitalism has been strengthened. Capitalists have also controlled the entire country's economy by controlling the economy. the purpose of the country.
So far, no one in the court seems to object to the private establishment of a bank. That¡¯s fine. As for whether the court will establish a bank, Yang Yi really doesn¡¯t care.Almost, so he didn't argue too much.
After the early court dismissed, Empress Dowager Liu hurriedly summoned Yang Yi to Yanchun Pavilion and said: "My enemy, what's wrong with you? Do you really think that the imperial court should abolish the Yantie Official Camp?"
This matter was of great concern, and Yang Yi had never had a relationship with her before, so no wonder she felt unsure.
Yang Yi thought for a while and said: "Queen Mother, the imperial court has too strict control over things like salt, iron, tea, etc. It is indeed not a good thing. The ban on monopoly is against the law of free circulation of commodities. In the mines and workshops operated by the imperial court, the labor of the craftsmen and their personal freedom are None, and the income is extremely meager. Under such circumstances, what kind of motivation can we expect from the craftsmen?
Without work enthusiasm, there is no benefit at all. Therefore, many mines cannot be run by the government. However, they can generate very good benefits after being handed over to private operations;
In short, it has long been known to all that the government-run industries are full of shortcomings and low efficiency. For example, although the salt monopoly has implemented methods such as money truncation and truncation to improve it, in fact it is still a matter of trust between the powerful and profiteers. This resulted in severe smuggling and stagnation of official salt. The benefits that the court derived from it were not as much as those of the powerful and profiteers. It just bears the name of franchise.
Let¡¯s talk about tea. In the early days of our dynasty, strict taxation laws were implemented, and the government controlled the production and sales of tea across the country. Tea profits were very high, but this was a naked competition for profit with the people. The profits of both tea merchants and farmers were at a loss. Being deprived of everything, this seriously intensified the conflict between the imperial court, tea merchants and gardeners, and the imperial court controlled all the tea leaves. However, there has been a backlog of official tea, and it is difficult to even recover the principal. "
Queen Mother Liu couldn't help but ask: "Why is there a backlog of official tea?"
Yang Yi couldn't help but smile and said: "The profit margins of merchants have been deprived. Who wants to sell tea? Should we let the county magistrate and prefecture sell tea?"
Queen Mother Liu had a strange expression on her face. She wanted to laugh but couldn't.
Yang Yi continued: "This kind of decree that violates the rules of free circulation of goods is destined to be difficult to enforce, so in the third year of Chunhua, Emperor Taizong, the imperial court had to promulgate the "Commerce Law" to allow merchants to trade with tenants;
It can be seen from this that the imperial court should not be too involved in handicraft business, including salt and iron. I believe that it should not be too strict. More space can be opened to businessmen. As long as corresponding laws and tax systems are formulated, I can guarantee that the income from salt and iron will not only not decrease, but will definitely increase even more. Moreover, the smelting technology of our Song Dynasty will be greatly improved. "
"Then you really intend to open up the salt and iron?" Queen Mother Liu asked, motioning to Xiao Ju to serve him tea.
Yang Yi took the tea and put it on the small table next to him. He said sternly: "Salt is related to the daily needs of thousands of households, and iron can be regarded as a strategic material for the country. Without proper and feasible legal protection, it is not necessarily a good thing to abolish all government-owned enterprises. I am just Titti, we need to think carefully before we can make a conclusion, but it is necessary to appropriately increase some private shares."
"Since there is no conclusion yet, why did you bring this up at the court meeting today?" Empress Dowager Liu was a little dissatisfied, her face full of anger.
Yang Yi picked up the tea, took a sip and said: "I'm just dissatisfied that some people are clearly seeking profit for themselves, but they insist on doing so under the guise of benefiting the people of the world."
"Humph, my friend, you didn't inform me in advance, but you shocked me. Tell me, it's a very good thing to establish. What do you think?" Empress Dowager Liu patted her chest lightly and stood behind the case. Walking to him, I wanted to sit on another chair to his left.
Yang Yi put his arms around her soft waist, and Empress Dowager Liu took the opportunity to sit on his big feet. She had just left the morning court, and she had not yet changed out of the phoenix crown and harem on her body, but as soon as she sat on his lap, her charming charm became clear. Revealed involuntarily.
In this cold winter season, holding a enchanting jade body is very warm and comfortable.
Yang Yi hugged her and said: "The imperial court wants to establish a national bank. This is a good thing. It will collect the idle money in the hands of the people and lend it to merchants who need money to expand production. The imperial court can not only make profits from it, but also support agriculture, industry and commerce to become more mature." Develop quickly and kill two birds with one stone.¡±
"When the court is in urgent need of money, it can also appropriate it from the bank, right?" Liu Qingjing said proudly, kissing his cheek gently with her moist lips.
Yang Yi nodded and replied: "It is indeed possible. For example, the cost of regulating the Yellow River in the past two years is huge. If the court cannot make up the money for a while, it can indeed loan the corresponding amount of money from the bank to regulate the river, and then repay it year by year. This can be effective To avoid affecting the normal operation of the court.¡±
Liu Qingjing seemed a little absent-minded, her body twisted slightly in his arms, and she took the initiative to lead his hands to explore her proud breasts.
Yang Yi smiled slightly and said while playing with it: "In fact, the biggest advantage of setting up a bank is to maximize the flow of people's spare money. Remember what I said? If money doesn't flow, it is a dead thing and can neither serve the people nor the people. It can¡¯t add any benefits to the country. It is no different from the rocks on the mountain.??;
It just so happens that I, a Han Chinese, have a common problem, that is, I like to save money. The more money I save at home, the more at ease I feel. Nowadays, it is common for wealthy families to hoard hundreds of thousands or even millions of taels of silver all year round;
The Song Dynasty is often in a money shortage. Is it because all the money in the Song Dynasty flows to other countries? On the contrary, the Song Dynasty mostly has a trade surplus with other countries, which makes the money from various countries flow to the Song Dynasty continuously. Most of this money was hidden at home by the people and was not circulated in the market. This was the biggest reason for the money shortage in the Song Dynasty;
The imperial court established a bank to absorb all the money that people hoarded at home into the bank. The bank would then lend the money to those in need, so that the dead money could flow to the maximum extent. The faster the money flows, the better the country's economy. The more prosperous it is, the greater the benefits it brings to society. Do you hear what I¡¯m saying clearly?¡±
"Enemies, I'm here to listen. Well," Liu Qingjing's voice was as charming as the rippling spring water.
ps: Thanks to Taoist Kongshi, Qiuzhi Shenguang, Yanyun Jiedushi, September Oneness, Potato Pooh and other friends for their support, thank you