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Text Chapter 847 Greater China Charter

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    ps: Chang Huanxi¡¯s ¡°Super Ambiguous Master¡± welcomes everyone¡¯s review.

    Although Lu Bu has a large army, compared with the current population of nearly 50 million in the Chinese Empire, it is only one to fifty. In addition, most of the county soldiers are stationed in the fields, more than half of the county soldiers are stationed in the fields, and the regular central army is also stationed.  In the field, the number of troops with combat missions at the same time generally does not exceed 200,000, and the prerequisites for their battles are to feed the enemy, beware of the enemy's strong walls and clear the country, and try to seize supplies from the enemy instead of transporting them from behind. Therefore,  The pressure on the entire national economy will gradually decrease.

    Lu Bu thought about the future. With his strong promotion, science and technology were changing with each passing day, and the productivity of the entire country was developing rapidly. The steam engine was invented, continuously improved, and used in actual production. The Chinese Empire began to enter the era of the Industrial Revolution. In the following ten years,  Electricity appeared again, and the era of electrification quickly entered. Airplanes, ships, trains, and automobiles came out one after another. Radios, telegraphs, telephones, and computers were bound to come out one after another in Lu Bu's lifetime. With these advanced transportation methods and communication methods, the Chinese Empire  The foreign war has become one-sided, and the pressure on the national economy will be reduced.

    Lu Bu's foreign policy of "conquering the four directions and subjugating the barbarians" formulated with his whole life was strictly implemented. The Han nation restored the iron and blood of the Qin Empire in the past. Military merit outweighed all, and the Han nation's living space and frontier expansion were restored.  The responsibility of the land is above all else. All lands that the Han people have visited and heard of are gradually owned by the Han people. Those foreigners who are unwilling to join the Han people will be exterminated by the Han people. All doctrines that violate this national policy will be destroyed and sealed.  .

    But these are all things for later. Lu Bu is now focusing on improving the legal system of the Chinese Empire. He wants to truly realize the ideal that the Han nation has not realized for thousands of years and govern the country according to law.

    There is a great prerequisite for governing the country according to law, and there is a reliable constitution.  If the constitution only represents the will of some superiors, rather than the interests of all the people, such a constitution can only be reduced to a toy of the will of the powerful. The legal system established on the basis of such a constitution cannot be effectively implemented at all, because the superiors  Even under such circumstances, I regard the law as something to play with casually.  Rule of law is just a joke.

    Lu Bu did not want to repeat such a tragedy. He did not want to see the rights of the innocent people of the Han nation being ruthlessly trampled on by corrupt officials, so he wanted to establish a complete and conscientious constitution.

    At the beginning of the new dynasty, everything was renewed. Lu Bu issued an amnesty order. All criminals who had been imprisoned in the past for evading corvee, resisting taxes, resisting the oppression of aristocratic families and other related crimes were released without charge. Thefts and robberies due to livelihood constraints were not harmed.  All cases involving human life will be acquitted, all cases involving human life will be re-examined, and those found to have been wronged will all be acquitted.  All those who have been wrongly accused can receive state compensation. The compensation may be more or less depending on their circumstances, but it is basically enough to support them in their old age.

    After promulgating the amnesty order, Lu Bu began to improve the original "Laws of the Han Dynasty" and asked hundreds of jurists such as Tingwei Fayan, Minister of Punishment Yingshao, and Minister of Punishment Zhong Yao to join forces and spend two years in accordance with Lu Bu's wishes.  A "Charter" and a "Code" were revised.  It was later named "Greater China Charter" and "Greater China Code" by Lu Bu.

    In the "Greater China Charter", Lu Bu confirmed that the emperor is the lord of the people.  It confirmed the supremacy of imperial power and established the principle that all people under the imperial family are equal. All Chinese people have political rights and interests unless they have committed any crime. They are all citizens and are equal. Officials and citizens are equal in morality, belief, and law.  All enjoy the protection of the "Greater China Charter" and the "Greater China Code".  The exception is those who have violated the Charter and the Code and are deprived of political rights. They are deprived of political rights and must accept labor and supervision, and cannot exercise political rights for life or part of the time.

    Under the emperor, the three powers are separated.  The House of Representatives gradually has legislative power, the Government Office led by the Prime Minister has executive power, and the Court is changed to the Supreme Court, which enjoys judicial power. The law requires the House of Representatives tongguo, but the Prime Minister has veto power. Even if the Prime Minister fails, if the Supreme Court points out that clause in it  The law violates a basic principle of the Constitution, and no department can fully make the decision without the approval of the other party.  The emperor enjoys the highest veto power.

    The "Greater China Charter" stipulates the composition of various institutions, especially the rules for the composition of the Council, stipulates the powers and obligations of each institution, and stipulates that while bureaucrats at all levels accept supervision from superiors, they must also accept the deliberation of affairs at the same level.  At the central level, in addition to being responsible to the emperor, the Prime Minister must accept the supervision of the National Assembly.

    In the "Preface" of the "Greater China Charter", Lu Bu did not follow the advice of Ying Shao and Zhong Yao, and did not write down the majestic history of how he conquered the world. He always felt that he could win the world only because of the people's choice and support.  , he should not be complacent at all, but should be humble.We sincerely thank the people for their support and will continue to work hard for the well-being of the majority of the people.

    Lu Bu wrote in the "Preface": "We, the Chinese people, in order to build a perfect country, to establish justice, to make the people's lives peaceful, to jointly defend against foreign enemies, to enhance the well-being of all the people, and to ensure that we and our descendants can enjoy freedom in peace and security.  happiness, and jointly decided to formulate this constitution." The core keywords of the preface are people, justice, and happiness. At the beginning, Lu Bu himself was not mentioned, let alone ensuring that his pure bloodline of the Lu family would inherit the Chinese Empire. It was still the same sentence  He believes that everything is the choice of the people. If a regime is extremely cruel and cruel to the people, no matter how accurate its propaganda is, it may not end well in the end. Saddam and Gaddafi are like  in this way.

    In the "Greater China Charter", Lu Bu clearly stated the rights and interests of every legal citizen of the Chinese Empire, and emphasized several points in particular:

    The right of the people to be protected against unreasonable searches of their persons, houses, documents and property shall not be infringed unless there are reasonable grounds to believe that they are guilty, guaranteed by oath or solemn declaration, and specifying in detail the places to be searched, the persons to be searched or the persons to be searched.  Search and seizure warrants shall not be issued.

    In times of peace, soldiers are not allowed to station in any private house without the permission of the homeowner; in time of war, soldiers are not allowed to station in any private house except in accordance with the methods prescribed by law.

    No law shall be made abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

    All amendments made since then are aimed at further improving and protecting human rights, and strengthening the protection of citizens' rights while constantly restricting the power of bureaucrats.

    The "Greater China Charter" uses hundreds of "must not" and "should". For example, Article 1, Section 10 of the Constitution stipulates, "Reports and accounts of all receipts and expenditures of public funds shall be published regularly." It also stipulates that "public servants shall  The property must be disclosed." It also stipulates that "in all criminal proceedings, the defendant shall enjoy the following rights" "No state in the empire shall deny or deprive citizens of the right to vote on the basis of gender." and so on. These words are all used to restrict  Government behavior limits what government agencies and their staff can and cannot do.

    Prior to this, the charter produced by Ying Shao and Zhong Yao used more than thirty "must not" and "should", but they were all used to restrict "localities", "organizations", "groups" and "citizens"  , "individual" behavior, almost none of which is used to restrict state behavior. For example, Article 10 stipulates that "no organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell, or otherwise illegally transfer land."

    Lu Bu overthrew them all and asked them to redo them, but none of their redoing satisfied Lu Bu. Later, Lu Bu simply stripped them of their official positions and let them eat and work together with the ordinary people, so that they could feel the sufferings of the middle and lower classes.  Thinking about the problem from the perspective of the majority of the people, they suddenly realized that the long-term stability of a country is to satisfy the majority of the people.

    The "Greater China Charter" stipulates that the Constitution of the Chinese Empire is supreme. The Constitution and the laws of the Government Council and approved by the emperor have higher validity than all other laws, administrative regulations and regulations. The Supreme Court has the power to review unconstitutionality and can review legislation.  The agency determines whether the laws of the tongguo conflict with the Constitution, and can declare laws that violate the Constitution to be invalid.  At the same time, the Supreme Court can also review the constitutionality of decrees issued by officials at all levels, including the Prime Minister.  Once the constitution is confirmed and needs to be revised, a referendum must be held. Only if more than 70% of the people agree can the constitution be revised, and it cannot be decided by the emperor alone.

    Lu Bu judged from the history of the Constitution in the Chinese land that the Constitution was not respected at the basic level and was repeatedly violated. Fundamentally speaking, it lacked the belief in "the supremacy of the Constitution" and in terms of mechanism, it failed to realize "Constitutional supervision of justice".  "": Neither the constitutionality of other specific laws can be reviewed based on the Constitution, nor can the Constitution be cited as the basis for judgment in specific cases.

    Starting from himself, after formulating and improving the Constitution, Lu Bu took the Constitution as the guideline for everything, and worked hard to promote the judicialization of constitutional supervision. He urged the Supreme Court to review other specific laws, regulations and government regulations for unconstitutionality in accordance with the Constitution, and urged local courts to implement specific laws and regulations.  In cases, the habit of citing the Constitution as the basis for judging cases has been developed. First, all public officials, especially judicial personnel, must respect the Constitution. Only then can the whole people respect the Constitution. Only then can the constitutional monarchy system that Lu Bu wholeheartedly wants to establish be stable.

    Lu Bu's establishment of a constitutional monarchy naturally sounds a bit dictatorial and not democratic enough, but is democracy alone enough?  Is democracy omnipotent?  No, Hitler was also elected by the people, and he had absolute public support. This kind of democracy is the so-called "tyranny of the majority."  Therefore, Lu Bu embodies the spirit of democracy in the "Greater China Charter" and its amendments. What is more valuable is that it embodies respect for people and respects everything they do.The respect for human rights has never been seen before in this country. It can be said that it is unprecedented and unprecedented.

    ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Not to mention Lu Bu¡¯s other achievements, just using the "Greater China Charter" completely destroyed those emperors who completely disrespected the human rights of the people. The real emperor through the ages is none other than Lu Bu.  (To be continued)
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