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Text Chapter 803 The big man can¡¯t afford to be hurt

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    While carrying out the policy of strictly linking people and land, governments at all levels under the imperial court cooperated with the intelligence agencies to conduct a large-scale household registration and property registration work in various parts of the Han Dynasty, and compiled new household registrations. Those who had left their household registrations for various reasons  In order to obtain legal ownership of land, people must re-register their household registration with the government.

    During this census and household registration process, nearly five million people who were hiding in the aristocratic family estates came out to register. More than two million of them saw that the tax pressure on the homesteaders was less than that on the aristocratic families.  He refused to return to the family manor and chose to become a yeoman farmer.

    While conducting the census, Lu Bu also ordered intelligence agencies and governments at all levels to do a good job in registering and investigating local private armed forces, and to have a clear understanding of the private armed forces of those wealthy families and humble landowners. Firstly, it would be easier to monitor them.  The second is to easily weaken them.

    Lu Bu believed that at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was in an agricultural era and would continue to stay in this era for the next ten to twenty years. In order to ensure agricultural production and national economic development, there should not be too many professional soldiers, otherwise there would be a shortage of labor and military expenditures.  Lu Bu would not expand his army too much unless it was absolutely necessary. He would also try his best to limit the number of private soldiers from aristocratic families and humble landowners, and vigorously promote the conversion of private soldiers to local county soldiers, so that the number of independent soldiers would account for less than 100% of the entire national population.  First, the entire Han Dynasty, with a population of 48 million, only needs to raise 480,000 full-time troops, and another million semi-full-time troops can effectively control the East.

    Lu Bu realized one thing from this population census. He must ensure that the Han Dynasty breaks away from the old path of changing dynasties, because the Han nation really cannot afford to be hurt.

    Lu Bu once read a statistical document in the 21st century because he was too surprised, even though several years had passed.  He still clearly remembers those data. They are not just data, but living lives, the ancestors of you, me and him.

    After the unification of Qin (around 221 BC), the country's population was about 30 million. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty (around 200 BC, when Liu Bang was in power), the country's population was about 18 million. During this period, the peasant uprising in the late Qin and the subsequent Chu-Han War occurred.  In just two decades, the population dropped by 12 million, a rate of decline as high as 40%!

    The vast majority of those who died during this period were civilians who were non-combat attrition. The number of real military personnel deaths was at best a fraction of the 12 million people, that is, about 2 million.  This fully proves that the war is a contest between interest groups, but it is the people of the country who foot the bill.  The people paid the price of property and lives for this, and what did they get in exchange?  The suffering of the Chinese people's fate can be seen from this.

    At the end of the Western Han Dynasty (around the first year of AD, before Wang Mang usurped power), the country's population was about 60 million, and at the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty (around AD 30, at the beginning of the Guangwu Zhongxing).  The country's population is about 35 million, and it took only about 30 years.  The population dropped sharply by 25 million, with the drop rate as high as 42%!

    After 200 years of cultivation and development by the Western Han government, the population increased from 18 million to 60 million, with an average annual net increase of only 210,000.  This period includes the 15 years when Wang Mang established the "new" dynasty and "fiddled around" there, and the subsequent unification war by Liu Xiu that lasted less than 10 years. In less than 25 years, 25 million people died, with an average of 100,000 deaths per year.  The number is still over 1 million!

    The late Eastern Han Dynasty (around the birth of Cao Cao in 155 AD and the reign of Emperor Huan Liu Zhi of the Han Dynasty).  The country's population is about 60 million. When the Three Kingdoms were established (after Cao Cao's death in 220 AD), the country's population was about 23 million. In a short period of about 40 years (this has to be counted from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, because the two or three years from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty)  There has been no war for ten years).  The population dropped sharply from 60 million to 23 million, and the drop rate was as high as 62%!

    After more than 120 years of recuperation by the Eastern Han government, the population increased from 35 million to 60 million. The average annual net increase was only about 200,000, but the average annual death toll during the Three Kingdoms era at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was close to 1 million!

    At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty (around 600 AD, the end of Yang Jian¡¯s reign), the country¡¯s population was about 60 million. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty (around 630 AD, at the beginning of Li Shimin¡¯s reign), the country¡¯s population was about 25 million.

    Of course, there was a period of nearly four centuries of great division in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the middle of the Western Jin Dynasty, the national population was about 35 million. In the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, the national population was about 24 million. By the early Sui Dynasty, the population had grown to 60 million.  But anyway, in the past 380 years or so, the population has grown from 23 million to 60 million, with an average annual growth of nearly 100,000 people.  It can be seen that the population growth rate in war years is only half of that in peace years.

    From the beginning of the Sui Dynasty to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there was only about 30 years in between, which included 14 years of "foolishness" by Yang Guang, the largest and most famous "prodigal son" in Chinese history, and nearly 10 years of "foolishness" by Li Shimin in the early Tang Dynasty.  During the Unification War, the country's population dropped sharply from 60 million to 25 million. In less than 25 years, the population dropped sharply by 35 million. The drop rate was as high as 59%. The average number of deaths per year was as high as 1.4 million!

    In the middle of the Tang Dynasty (around 750 AD, Li Longji was in Anshi in the last years of Kaiyuan)Before the Great Rebellion), the country's population was about 90 million. In the early Northern Song Dynasty (around 980 AD, after the death of Zhao Kuangyin), the country's population was about 40 million.

    From the early Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty, that is, the 120 years or so from the early years of Li Shimin's Zhenguan to the last years of Kaiyuan by Li Longji, it was another "golden age" in the history of the Han nation. China's world influence reached its peak, and the country's population also  The number increased sharply from 25 million to 90 million, a record high, with an average annual increase of more than 500,000, which greatly exceeded the average annual increase of 200,000 during the Han Dynasty.

    However, the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion caused the seemingly glorious Tang Empire to collapse. From then on, the Tang Dynasty collapsed and entered the chaotic era of feudal rule. After lingering for a century and a half, the Tang Dynasty finally came to an end.  But the following Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was even worse. It was not until Chai Rong and Zhao Kuangyin came out to clean up the mess that China entered the normal track of unification.

    During this period of more than two centuries, the population dropped sharply from 90 million to 40 million. In about 230 years, the population dropped sharply by 50 million, with a sharp decline rate of 56%!  Most of these 50 million people dropped sharply during the Anshi Rebellion and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.  During the Anshi Rebellion.  The country's population dropped sharply from 90 million to 30 million, a sharp drop of two-thirds. The people of the Tang Dynasty, which had enjoyed long-lasting peace, could not withstand the devastation and torture of war. These 60 million people died in the war in these seven or eight years.  Yes, the average number of deaths every year is as high as seven to eight million!

    Late Northern Song Dynasty (around 1080 AD, during Wang Anshi¡¯s political reform period).  The country's population is about 100 million, exceeding 100 million for the first time. In the early Yuan Dynasty (around 1280 AD, after Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and completed the unification), the country's population was about 70 million.

    The Northern Song Dynasty was a golden age when China's commodity economy was highly developed. Although the Northern Song Dynasty emphasized culture over military affairs, it led to the weakening of national power and lost the glory of the Tang Dynasty.  But as the saying goes, what is lost in the east is gained in mulberry trees. It was under this background that the development of the commodity economy in the Northern Song Dynasty surpassed that of previous dynasties. This can also be partially confirmed by the dramatic increase in population. Zhang Zeduan's "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is also true.  A local microcosm.  Data can best illustrate the problem. It was a short century from the death of Zhao Kuangyin to Wang Anshi's reform.  The population of the Northern Song Dynasty soared from 40 million to 100 million, an increase of 60 million people in 100 years.  The average annual growth is 600,000 people, surpassing the record of more than 500,000 people per year during the prosperous Tang Dynasty!

    From the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty, the Han nation was completely ruled by foreigners for the first time.  Because the Mongolian cavalry was so fierce, how could the weak Southern Song Dynasty resist it?  During these 200 years, the population dropped from 100 million to 70 million, compared with previous dynasties.  It's not a sharp drop, only a 30% reduction.

    In the early Ming Dynasty (around 1400 AD, when Zhu Yuanzhang died and Zhu Di took over the throne), the country's population was about 60 million.  In the middle of the Ming Dynasty (around 1540 AD, the middle period of Zhu Houcong's reign, which can be generally said to be the Jiajing Dynasty), the country's population was about 200 million.

    The Ming Dynasty was another golden age when the commodity economy of the Han nation was highly developed. Although there were often boring people who said that the overall politics of the dynasty was dark and the emperor was collectively fatuous, it did not hinder the development of the private economy and population growth.  In less than a century and a half, China's population soared from 60 million to 200 million, an increase of 140 million, with a growth rate of 234%, and an average annual increase of 1 million people, exceeding that of previous dynasties.

    From the mid-Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the country's population dropped sharply from 200 million to 120 million, a sharp drop of 80 million, and the drop rate was also as high as 40%.  There are only two periods of time that really lead to a sharp decline in population. One is the 17th year of the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty and the unification war that lasted for five or six years after the Qing army entered the customs; the other is the 8th year of the San Francisco Rebellion in the early years of Kangxi.  In this short period of about 30 years, the population dropped sharply by 80 million, and the average number of deaths per year was as high as 2.67 million!  The mass massacre of the population was second only to the Anshi Rebellion!

    By the Qing Dynasty, the population began to reach hundreds of millions. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty was also an era of rapid population growth. In addition, the Qing Dynasty also had the so-called "Kang, Yong and Qian Dynasties" in which the agricultural society returned to glory. Counting from the time when Kangxi pacified the three feudal lords and recovered Taiwan, to the death of Qianlong,  Jiaqing took full power and lasted for nearly two Jiazi (120 years).  If we include the First Opium War, when China's door was knocked open by Western powers for the first time, during this century and a half, China's population soared from 120 million to 430 million, an increase of 150 years.  310 million people, with a growth rate of 259%, exceeding the Ming Dynasty, with an average annual growth of more than 2 million.

    In the seventy years from the late Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the population dropped sharply from 430 million to 330 million, a sharp drop of 100 million in 70 years, with a sharp decline rate of 24%.  In fact, most of the 100 million people who dropped sharply died during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which lasted for 14 years.  100 million people were massacred in 2014, with an average annual death toll of more than 7 million, comparable to the Anshi Rebellion!

    Taiping people who have not experienced war may not feel much when looking at these data, but Lu Bu, who has experienced the trauma of war, can see from these data that the Han nation has been bleeding and injured, injured quickly, and recovered slowly, and has been spiraling.  development, rather than straight upward or diagonally upward, because of internal strife and internal friction.The national trauma caused by the war is in the hundreds of millions. If all the Han men who died in the internal strife were used to attack the foreign races from all directions, the Han nation would have unified the world long ago.

    Lu Bu has been warning himself that killing to stop killing and fighting to stop war are the worst strategies. He cannot fall into the trap of civil war and internal strife. He must preserve the vitality of the Han nation no matter what, and establish a shameful pattern of internal strife, internal strife, and fratricide.  National ethics prevent the Han nation from becoming a perverted nation that is extremely masochistic but tolerant to others.

    Therefore, Lu Bu worked hard to abolish the death penalty. No matter how big the crime was, it would not lead to death, but would harm his wife through hard labor. Therefore, Lu Bu would try not to engage in civil war in the future and use diplomacy to resolve internal disputes among the Han nation. However, it is obvious that his painstaking efforts  It was not recognized by Yuan Shao, Liu Bei and others.

    PS: Continue to recommend Chang Huanhua¡¯s new book "Super Ambiguous Master"
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