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Text Chapter 802 Population Census

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    After Lu Bu accepted Dong Bai, he wanted to continue to accept other beauties, but was delayed by a big event.

    Lu Bu personally supervised a very meaningful thing that lasted for five years and achieved phased results.

    That is the census, a major measure taken by Lu Bu to further promote various reforms.

    In the past nine years, Lu Bu has devoted himself to solving the torment of war, plague, locust plague, drought, waterlogging and other natural disasters on the Han Dynasty. The decline of population has been significantly curbed, especially when Lu Bu proposed the policy of encouraging childbirth for all people, under Lu Bu's control  There was a baby boom in the north.

    The census promoted by Lu Bu was not limited to the territory he occupied, but covered all the current spheres of influence of the Han Dynasty, and even included the surrounding Xianbei, Wuhuan, Qiang, Di, Fuyu, Goguryeo, Baekje, Samhan,  The Japanese, Shanyue, and Nanman were all included, because in Lu Bu's view, these surrounding foreign tribes or countries would be Sinicized sooner or later, and at least half of the population there would be Sinicized into the Han nation.

    Lu Bu was very excited by the results of this census. There were now 48 million Han people in the Han Dynasty, which was 5 million higher than Lu Bu's previous estimate. Some of the extra 5 million people were hidden by aristocratic families from various places.  Some of them are the children who were encouraged to be born in Lu Bu's territory in the past three years, and a small part are those who have been converted into Chinese from foreign races.

    This is because the census conducted by Lu Bu this time was promoted through two lines: overt and covert lines. Overtly it was promoted by local governments, and covertly it was completed by the three intelligence organizations: the Military Intelligence Department, the Central Intelligence Department, and the Dark Fragrance Department.  , the data with the most problems on the surface is the population hidden by aristocratic families in various places. The Military Intelligence Department, the Central Intelligence Department, and the Dark Fragrance Department will focus on this area. The data on both the light and dark side are added together and they can be compared with the real population of the Han Dynasty.  Almost the same.

    Among the prefectures and counties of the Han Dynasty, Lu Bu controlled Jizhou, Bingzhou, Youzhou, Shuozhou, Qingzhou, Sizhou, Liangzhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou and a small part of Jingzhou and a small part of Jiaozhou.  Only the entire Yizhou, most of Jingzhou, and most of Jiaozhou are not under Lu Bu's control for the time being. Therefore, among the 48 million people, 39 million are under Lu Bu's jurisdiction, and nearly 9 million are outside Lu Bu's jurisdiction.

    Among the more than 48 million Han people, more than 26 million are women and more than 22 million are men.  There are more than 4 million more women than men. This is purely caused by the wars in recent years. The problem of more women than men also exists in the territory under Lu Bu's control. Because of Lu Bu's deliberate instructions, the population of 27 million in the jurisdiction  More than 15 million of them are women, and about 12 million are men, which is 3 million less than women. The officers and soldiers of the Central Army who followed Lu Bu in the southern and northern wars quickly solved the problem of the younger wives after solving the problem of the older wives.

    And the various foreign tribes or countries near the Han Dynasty have a population of about 10 million.  Supposing that half of them will be Chineseized, five million will be converted into Han Chinese in the future.

    Comparing the historical population decline at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, Lu Bu can simply erect a monument for himself. It was because of his sudden appearance and quickly wiped out all the heroes that the melee situation in the Three Kingdoms period was greatly improved, and he became the great Han Dynasty.  The nation has preserved nearly half of its seeds.

    In history, since Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty.  There are constant natural disasters, including droughts, floods, plagues, riots, and ethnic minority rebellions.  As a result, the population and number of households in the Eastern Han Dynasty decreased significantly.

    After the Yellow Turban Uprising, although the Eastern Han Dynasty government suppressed the main Yellow Turban armies, the remaining Yellow Turban armies such as Heishan and Qingyan Yellow Turbans were still scattered throughout the country. What followed was the riots of the Han and Qiang ethnic groups in Liangzhou, and continued attacks on Sili.  Harassment.  Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was unable to deal with it and died of illness a few years later.  A mess was left.  However, both sides within the ruling class were losing in the struggle for supreme power, attracting another power coveter Dong Zhuo.  Dong Zhuo was not very talented in governing the country, but he had amazing ability in destruction. The Sili area was affected by his destruction.  Nearly one million more people were lost, and the ensuing warlord melee was the root cause of the rapid loss of population.

    First of all, there is famine. Even the army cannot guarantee food supply, so the people have no choice but to starve to death and even eat people.  "All the armies rise together, and there is no end-of-year plan. If they are hungry, they will invade; if they are full, they will abandon the rest. They will be disintegrated and displaced. There are countless invincible ones who will destroy themselves. Yuan Shaozhi is in Hebei, and the soldiers eat mulberry trees. Yuan Shu is in Jiang and Huaihe, and he takes  Give it to Pu Yi. The people eat each other and the state is depressed." When Cao Cao and Lu Bu fought for Yanzhou, "the locusts rose up and the people were very hungry" and "a dendrobium worth more than 500,000 yuan, people can eat each other." Cao Cao also had to "  Dismiss officials and recruit new soldiers" to save food.

    "The second was the war. Cao Cao conquered Xuzhou. He killed hundreds of thousands of men and women, leaving no chickens or dogs left. The Surabaya River stopped flowing, and he was the protector of the five counties. There was no trace of him again."  Li Jue and others were in Guanzhong. "At that time, there were hundreds of thousands of households in Sanfu. Jue and others sent troops to plunder and capture cities and towns. The people were hungry and deprived of food. In two years, they all devoured each other."

    ?????????????????????????????????? The war has devastated the warriors as a strong labor force to an extreme.??.  Qu Yi, Wuhuan and Xianbei "joined one hundred thousand troops" to attack Gongsun Zan. Due to lack of food and battle losses, they retreated with only "thousands of people left".  Cao Cao and Yuan Shao fought in Guandu, and Yuan Shao was defeated. "The rest of the army pretended to surrender, and Cao Cao trapped them, killing 80,000 people before and after."

    The natural disasters that lasted for more than 40 years from the time of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty to the time of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, and the long-term wars that followed for more than 20 years, resulted in a large loss of population. Cao Cao obtained the household registration book of Jizhou and discovered that  "You can get 300,000 people", and you are surprised to call it "Dazhou". In fact, the year of the household registration statistics is very suspicious. From Dong Zhuo's rebellion to Cao Cao's pacification of Jizhou, Jizhou has been in war for a long time. It is impossible to  According to the census, the census of this household should be at the end of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty. Moreover, "three hundred thousand people can be obtained". According to the ratio of mature men (all from 23 to 56 years old are within the age of military service) and old and weak women and children  , the entire population of Jizhou has also dropped sharply to more than one million, far lower than the 5.7 million more than fifty years ago.

    The constant war in the north does not mean that the south is a paradise.  Liu Yan and Liu Zhang of Yizhou both suppressed large-scale rebellions against themselves; Liu Biao of Jingzhou not only competed with Yuan Shu for Nanyang, but also suppressed rebellions in Changsha, Lingling, and Guiyang counties; and Liu Yao of Yangzhou was  Sun Ce rushed to Yuzhang, and Sun Ce surrendered all the counties without stopping, making it the area with the least war in comparison.  Jiaozhou, which is far away in the remote area, is prosperous.

    After the Battle of Chibi, Jingzhou experienced large-scale war.  The population decreased rapidly and the economy was destroyed. Therefore, Pang Tong said, "Jingzhou is desolate and all the people are gone. There is Wu Sun in the east and the Cao family in the north. It is difficult to achieve a tripartite plan."  In the process of pacifying Yizhou, Liu Bei encountered little resistance, so the population and economic losses in Yizhou were not great.  Sun Quan's main activities were to pacify Shanyue, using "the weak to replenish their households and the strong to replenish their troops", and to harass Huainan and capture the population. There were basically no scars from the war in Jiangdong and Jiaozhou.

    About Cao Wei¡¯s household registration.  Huang Fumi of the Western Jin Dynasty recorded in "Emperor Century": "In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), the total number of households in Shu was 943,423, with a population of 5,372,800.  One hundred and ninety-one people.¡±

    Regarding the household registration in Shu, "Jin Shu Geography" records that in the first year of Zhangwu, "the number of households was 200,000, and the number of men and women was 900,000."

    Regarding Wu¡¯s household registration, "Jin Shu Geography" says: "In the fifth year of Sun Quan's Chiwu reign, there were 523,000 households. There were 2.4 million men and women."

    Based on the above data, the total number of households in the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu at the end of the period was 1,466,423.  Population 7,672,881 (excluding officials and the army).

    The "Continued Book of Han? Chronicles of Prefectures and States" records that the number of households in the Eastern Han Dynasty was "9,698,630 households and 49,150,220 households." A hundred years after the Three Kingdoms war,  The number of households and population is approximately one-seventh of the highest number of households and population in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

    In fact, the population in the last years of the Three Kingdoms was not that small, and most of them were hidden by aristocratic families, because seventeen years later, in the first year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty.  Statistics show that the number of households has increased by nearly 1 million, and the number of people has increased by nearly 8.5 million. In fact, there is still some water in this statistic.

    There should still be 23 million people left in the late Three Kingdoms period. During the reign of Han Emperor Liu Zhi, the statistical population in 155 AD was nearly 60 million. The total population of 60 million lasted until the Yellow Turban Uprising in 184 AD.  In the forty years from 184 AD to 224 AD, the population dropped sharply from 60 million to 23 million, with a drop rate as high as 62%, and the average annual death toll was also close to 1 million!

    Due to Lu Bu's single-person contribution, the population of the Han Dynasty remained at 48 million and did not continue to decline. Instead, because Lu Bu vigorously promoted the policy of encouraging fertility, the population was still slowly recovering to 60 million. Lu Bu believed that in his lifetime, the population of the Han Dynasty would be 60 million.  The population is expected to exceed 20 million.

    The 20 million Han people would be a nightmare for other countries in the same era, including the Roman Empire, not to mention Goguryeo, Yamatai and other countries.

    In this census, the biggest problem encountered is the obstruction of aristocratic families. The wealthy families not only occupy many legal shelters, but also occupy a larger number of illegal shelters.

    Lu Bu ordered that the population is linked to the land. The aristocratic families must provide detailed information on the hidden households and shade households, and then allocate fields to tenants such as hidden households and shade households according to the national average level and population. These tenants are still  The land was cultivated for the aristocratic families, and the imperial court directly collected the land tax from the aristocratic families.

    For example, a wealthy family has more than 2,000 tenants, but it conceals more than a thousand tenants and only reports a thousand tenants. Only the fields of a thousand tenants are given to it, and the other fields are confiscated. The forced family has no choice but to  Report accordingly.

    Naturally, some aristocratic families overreported their population in order to obtain more land. Lu Bu was well prepared for this. He first encouraged the implementation of policies throughout the country to reduce rents and interest rates to alleviate conflicts between aristocratic families and tenants. The aristocratic families must pay 10% to the court.After deducting the investment in seeds, cattle, water conservancy, etc., the family's income from the fields finally dropped to about 20%. At present, there are few tenants and fields.  Most of the time, aristocratic families just occupy cultivated land for nothing, with no benefit, and risk being discovered by intelligence agencies and officials at all levels all over the country. Lu Bu strictly stipulated that if there is such an act of defrauding the imperial court, the entire family will be confiscated.  The land is punished as a slave. There is no need to take such risks in order to occupy a few hundred more acres. If you want more profits, you might as well go to sea trade with the Han Dynasty navy.

    PS: I continue to recommend Lao Chang¡¯s new book "Super Ambiguous Master"
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