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Volume 1: A Difficult Beginning Chapter 2: Pseudo-Artificial Intelligence

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    Many people were interested in the starry sky above their heads when they were young, but after all, the starry sky is too far away from us. When we grow up, we face all kinds of pressures and are busy dealing with complex social relationships. Most people have no time to pay attention to this, and only a few are lucky.  Children can enter relevant research departments to work.

    The first computer Li Zhuang bought, most of the free space on the hard drive was occupied by all kinds of astronomical information and pictures that could be found on the Internet.  As for the island country action movies that many single men have, he does not have them.  Hehe, we Comrade Li Zhuang like golden cats.  After his busy work, he was able to work so hard to find the guidance crystal whose name he didn't know at the time. Of course, it was because he was tormented by frequent dreams, but it also had something to do with his discovery of the uniqueness of the soul crystal that was the black ball at the time.  .  Perfect roundness and super uniform surface roughness, this is second, after all, the accuracy of the measuring instrument in his hand is not super high.  What stunned him was that the black ball easily smoothed the industrial drill in the factory.  With such a huge difference in hardness, even the legendary pure graphene and w-boron nitride are beyond reach. Theoretically, the difference in hardness between industrial diamonds and black balls is at least more than three levels.  He later used the factory's instruments for personal gain to test the internal structure. The ultrasonic detector was useless, the metallographic analyzer was useless, and the flaw detector was useless. None of them could penetrate the epidermis.  The material of this thing seems to be neither metal nor non-metal, or is it a semiconductor in between?  After checking countless information, I didn't find any news that mentioned that such materials could be found on earth.

    At this time, no matter how stupid Li Zhuang is, he knows that this is not something that the earth should have at this stage. As for whether it belongs to aliens, a legendary cultivator, or was it made by the earthlings in a certain time and space?  Naturally, he was confused.

    ??Aliens?  possible.  There are many things that cannot be explained by the earth theory. Aliens must have visited the earth. What level of civilization they are and how far they are from us are not issues that Li Zhuang can care about.

    A cultivator¡¯s?  Li Zhuang has practiced qigong and is no stranger to meridian theory. Even if he practices health-preserving exercises, he can use scientific methods to explain the reasons for their existence, but he has never believed in the existence of cultivators.  As a believer in science, he always believes that everything in the world can be explained by science. If it cannot be explained, it is because the theory and level are not in place, and it is not a problem with science itself.  It is impossible for carbon-based life to develop to such a fantasy level.  Although it is said that the human body is a small universe with a detailed microscopic world, with the current level and speed of scientific development, it is estimated that humans will be able to fully understand their own bodies and control various diseases in less than two hundred years.  Carbon-based life itself is relatively fragile. This is the innate condition. This is a weakness and a driving force for human development. There is no perfect creation in this world.

    ??Created by people on Earth in a certain time and space?  Also a possibility.  Scientific research shows that there may have been civilizations in human prehistory, such as the underwater ruins of Japan, the pyramids of unknown age, and the legendary Atlantis.  What makes people even more suspicious is that there is an obvious blank period in human history. Human beings seem to have suddenly evolved from the age of apes to the age of civilization. There is no record of the process in between.  From other unexplained historical relics, scientists have also guessed that civilization on earth existed at least once. As for how it was destroyed, whether we were immigrants from Martians or something else, only the devil knows.

    After spending several days slowly digesting the information he got from Alta, Li Zhuang couldn't help but admire the various weird functions of the guidance crystal.  In the hands of the Kalus people, this thing is simply a versatile tool. It can help replenish energy, serve as a scanner, a translator, an interface to connect certain devices, an energy amplification device, etc.  With the dazzling functions, Li Zhuang was a little surprised how they created such a wonderful and powerful thing.

    "It's a pity that this thing has turned into a stone ball, Alta, Alta, you are an uneducated fool, you do things in a mess, and you don't even think about important things like inheriting civilization." Li Zhuang felt that he could do this by himself  It's a pity that it can't be used.  Of course, just thinking about it, he is not stupid enough to think that carbon-based life can definitely use the tools of mysterious advanced crystal life that are completely different from his own material base.  Can chimpanzees, the closest genetic relatives to humans, become racing drivers?  A smart orangutan might be able to drive a specially designed car after training, although it might be at a snail's pace.

    During the meal, my old friend Xia Yuande called and asked if Li Zhuang was back. The company's new product drawings needed to be designed and the process flow had to be rearranged.

    It has been half a year since Li Zhuang resigned, but his relationship with his old company is still very good.  Although he has no academic qualifications, he has very solid skills. He has both front-line work experience and experience in equipment and technology.  At the beginning, the boss often lamented that there was something wrong with the current education system.  Smart people are proud to go to college, while less smart people have no choice but to go to vocational colleges.  The problem is that those who went to better universities are not willing to enter the workshop, and there is no workshop job.Experience shows that process design is often wrong; ordinary workshop workers are often not so smart, they may be able to do a good job in processing, but they lack a theoretical foundation for improvement and optimization.

    The boss is reluctant to let Li Zhuang leave, but Li Zhuang¡¯s time is indeed too tight. He has a lot to learn, and he is not willing to do these chores full-time, which are no longer technical enough for him.  The two parties agreed that if there were any technical problems in the factory, Li Zhuang would take the time to go there and solve them, since he lived not far away anyway.

    Of course, our classmates from Li Zhuang are not unconventional. Although my sister has saved enough for college tuition and living expenses, she still has to renovate the damn house.  He has stayed in Hangzhou for many years and is too lazy to move. He has no relatives at home, so he has little motivation to return home.  His main income is to provide high-level technical support to the factories in Director Yang's inner circle and take some program outsourcing orders. He can also earn more than ten k yuan every month.  In this era of increasing inflation, this little money is nothing.  He has no desire to do business. He is either unable or unwilling to do so.  He knows very well that once technical staff switch to business, it will be difficult to settle down and their skills will easily deteriorate.  Having seen too much of the colorful world, people tend to be impetuous.

    Li Zhuang hurriedly finished his lunch that looked like energy food and began to struggle for survival.  Opening UG and looking at the familiar interface, he felt a little emotional. He hadn't touched this old guy in almost a month.  He was familiar with the road and made a preliminary design. Some parameter settings made him a little embarrassed. Xia Yuande's requirements this time were not low.  The economic crisis has been going on for many years, and the competition among various production companies is very fierce. Because of the difficulty in recruiting workers, factories purchase automation equipment in large quantities. The sudden increase in maintenance of many automated equipment makes technicians who are used to non-automated production equipment overwhelmed.

    Li Zhuang didn¡¯t think too much. Life was important. He handled the relevant drawings and process design with ease, and then went on to carry out on-site debugging in the workshop that lasted several days.

    "It's not easy to make a living these days!" Li Zhuang sighed as he lay on the sofa, and the idea of ??designing an expert system to replace his frequent settings and operations became more and more intense.

    This guy wanted to be lazy for more than a day or two. When he first came to Hangzhou, he saw in the newspaper that an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was playing with artificial neural networks. So he collected some information about artificial intelligence on the Internet and planned to play with this sophisticated technology.  field.

    Artificial intelligence is indeed a good thing, at least Li Zhuang thinks so.  Over the years, he read through large scientific books diligently just to be lazy. Later, he actually fell in love with it and felt uncomfortable if he didn't write programs or repair machine tools for a day.  His old friend Xia Yuande said that he was a bitch for having such a weird hobby.

    The one-bedroom, one-living single apartment that Li Zhuang rented was not small in size. It was in the same community as the apartment originally rented by his old company. Originally, Director Yang said that he could continue to live in the company's apartment, but he felt it was not good and politely said  The ground refused.  The reason is not complicated. He does not want his old company to know what he is doing, and many research instruments and equipment are not suitable for placement in public places.

    Li Zhuang knows very well that existing von Neumann-type computer systems cannot produce real intelligence.  Many scientists have tried to use software simulation to generate intelligence, but Li Zhuang feels that the difficulty is too high and too imaginary. Because the operating mechanism is different, even if it is barely realized, it is still imbecile.  He believes that in this material world, the way of thinking is determined by the bottom layer of operation, and artificial intelligence that operates non-linearly on a linear von Neumann computer system, do those scientists want to play virtual machines?

    Li Zhuang always felt that life composed of pure numbers was unreliable and similar to gods. Even gods needed a material or energy foundation, otherwise they would have been blasted into nothingness by cosmic rays.  People create gods. I believe no one has this confidence. What those people are doing is not fundamentally different from creating gods. In comparison, research on smart machines that run the underlying layer is much more practical.

    The study of smart machines must involve smart machine theory and engineering implementation, both of which complement each other.  If the theory is not perfect, the difficulty of engineering implementation will increase significantly. If the engineering implementation can be done well, it can also make up for the shortcomings of the theory.  Although theories often come first, it is very common in life to have phenomena first and then deduce theories, so top experts are generally scientists and engineers.  Li Zhuang thinks there is a good saying, "There are no pure theories, only pure theorists."

    Why can¡¯t von Neumann-type computer systems achieve true artificial intelligence?  The debate in the scientific community is fierce, but most people still believe in this view, because two simple one-dimensional symbols cannot perfectly represent the material and social phenomena that often appear in either one or the other.

    People¡¯s thoughts are often non-linear, such as hypocrisy, which is very common. Saying one thing and doing another, the adjustments in the middle are even two-way stepless, and the thinking jumps greatly.  If we use traditional computers to imitate human thinking, we will have to choke to death on data. Even if there are technical means to assist, we can at most reduce data redundancy, but we will never be able to think like humans.Electricity.

    The artificial intelligence community has recognized this problem a long time ago and turned to research on smart machines.  The 1980s was the peak period of intelligent machine research, and many guiding theories and engineering implementation plans were born.

    There are two options for the design of artificial intelligence. One is pure software simulation, running on the von Neumann system; the other is based on hardware and realizes artificial intelligence through a combination of software and hardware, that is, intelligent machine research.

    Needless to say, the difficulty of pure software simulation is limited by the operating rules of the von Neumann system, and the space for expansion is very limited.  A digital life that does not rely on the underlying hardware at all can only be imagined by someone who writes novels. Even nature would be ashamed. None of its many creations can completely abandon the operating system of matter and energy.

    Of course, Li Zhuang feels that this design scheme is not without its advantages. It can make maximum use of the existing system and reduce investment. It can be used in relatively low-level situations, such as von Neumann system software, which is a higher level than traditional software.  .

    Many developed countries have done relatively well in traditional pure software simulation and have applied it to their advanced production automation equipment.  When Li Zhuang maintained advanced automatic production lines for factories, he often encountered similar systems. He improved them four or five times and felt that this solution could only achieve level 3 intelligence.  Of course, with his current level, he can at most be slightly better than major foreign manufacturers, which is a first-level intelligence in his own classification.

    With no way to go further, the virtual machine solution that Li Zhuang despised before entered his mind.  He designed a virtual operating platform that later developed into a test bed for artificial neural network computers.  The pure software simulation solution based on this design concept is called "void simulation" by Li Zhuang. It simulates a simple artificial neural network on a virtual operating platform, and then connects to the underlying hardware through an efficient conversion program.

    The software data structure of this design is very complex and has extremely high algorithm requirements. However, it can minimize the dependence on hardware and the impact of hardware on software, and the execution efficiency will be greatly reduced. This is inevitable and we can only find a way.  Improve as much as possible.

    Li Zhuang, the intelligent core compiled by the "Void Simulation" program, can already achieve level 2 intelligence. During this period, he designed a new embedded integration solution and used it on the automatic line of the old company. The effect is still good. He  The idea has been verified.  This system didn't cost much. The software was mainly his personal expense, and the hardware was all from the factory. Even the external equipment, Director Yang, readily paid for it.

    Xia Yuande joked with him that he would charge him a "test site fee", but Li Zhuang despised him, "Your butt determines your head!" This guy married Yang Xiaoyi before Li Zhuang went to Morocco, but now it is official  The boss's son-in-law.

    ? First deduce from the principle, and then study the appropriate engineering implementation plan. This is the most commonly used method in Lizhuang.  He likes to develop some practical gadgets and is good at using tools to minimize his workload.

    After detailed research, Li Zhuang found that as the level of intelligence increases, the architecture of the software becomes more and more complex, and the requirements for the computing speed of the hardware system are somewhat outrageous.

    "This solution should be able to reach level five intelligence, nnd, it's all pseudo-intelligence." After a week of detailed calculations, Li Zhuang came to his own conclusion, feeling a little frustrated.

    The so-called pseudo-intelligence is intelligence that looks smart but is actually unable to achieve self-upgrading, self-creation and self-adjustment.  In the system envisaged by Li Zhuang, only Level 6 can be considered as meeting the standard, which is a qualitative leap compared to Level 5.  Sixty points is a passing grade, and one point less is a failing grade. A small point makes a huge difference between the two results.

    Intelligent machines currently have four sets of theoretical solutions, symbol processing and knowledge processing, artificial neural networks, hierarchical social intelligence models and intelligent systems based on biological evolution.

    Symbol processing and knowledge processing are one of the mainstreams of current research. Li Zhuang often uses this concept in the pure software simulation intelligent core he designed, but he is more interested in artificial neural networks.  In fact, this kind of bionics design scheme is also the mainstream of research by large companies. Scientists often use symbol processing in conjunction with knowledge processing and artificial neural networks.

    Artificial neural network anns comes from the research results of neurophysiology, which uses a large number of relatively simple processing units (artificial neurons) to form a neural network computer through complex interconnections.  This implementation approach emphasizes large-scale parallelism, distributed representation and processing, nonlinear dynamic system behavior, system training and learning, and processing of analog quantities, etc.

    Artificial neural network can be regarded as a bionics design solution. Compared with the other three models, it is the easiest to implement, so it has the most related research results.

    Scientists are not sure whether this solution can be used to design a real smart machine, and the nature of intelligence has not been clarified.  Smart Machine Research??The silence is related to the inability to see results in the short term with huge investments. Of course, there are elements of deceiving the powerful classes in the scientific community. Scientists have done this boring thing in recent years.

    Li Zhuang believes in this plan, but he feels that pure bionic design will only lead to a dead end because the material basis is different.  Humans use biological networks, while smartphones use silicon optical networks. The operation methods of these two networks are inherently different and cannot be applied mechanically.  Over the years, he has studied many engineering implementation solutions, but feels that there is one that cannot be bypassed, which is computer language. Complex modular design requires a cross-platform language that can be executed efficiently, preferably one that can be used universally in silicon photonic networks.  Artificial neural network computer operating system software written in this new language can maximize the smoothness of operation, and the efficiency depends on the algorithm and data structure.

    Designing a new language?  This is a very arrogant idea, because only masters can play in this field.

    ;
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