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Text 1029. Tolerance is great

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    As a later generation, Jing Wen certainly knew that culture actually needs to communicate with each other in order to progress.  ¡ùIf we cannot communicate with each other and learn from each other's strengths, we will end up working behind closed doors, and then we will gradually fall behind and become more and more complacent.  Later China was actually a process of gradually becoming self-contained. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Chinese culture was able to communicate with foreign countries, and then gradually became stronger.  All powerful dynasties in Chinese history were eras that were able to communicate with various foreign civilizations, especially the mid-Tang Dynasty.  The reason why the Tang Dynasty can be remembered by foreigners in later generations, and all Chinese people are called "Tang people", is actually that the Tang Dynasty left the deepest impression on foreigners.  After all, why aren't they called "Han people" or "Song people"? It's because they don't understand the Han Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty and the Song Dynasty didn't help them much.  Precisely because the Tang Dynasty was able to spread its reputation throughout the world and influence and conquer the world with its tolerant and tolerant style, the Chinese were called Tang people until later generations.  The most important thing in communication is not business communication, but cultural communication.  Foreign countries absorbed the culture of the Tang Dynasty to improve themselves, and the Tang Dynasty could also absorb the culture of foreign nations to supplement its own shortcomings, so that they could promote each other.  Later, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and even during the Qing Dynasty, those so-called Confucian scholars could no longer accept the advantages of foreign countries. Even if all the evidence proved that foreign countries were better and stronger than China, they still stubbornly believed that they were barbarians.  Not as good as yourself.  They are like ostriches, unwilling to accept the fact that they have fallen behind.  "And those so-called Confucian scholars in the late Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty have always been self-hypnotized. Self-hypnosis believes that their country is the most powerful in the world and that other countries are not stronger than themselves.  And it wasn't until the invaders defeated them again and again that they finally woke up and realized that they were no longer the most powerful country.  However, they still stubbornly did not want to learn advanced culture to supplement themselves, and in the end they only caused their complete collapse.  Jing Wen once compared the so-called mainstream Confucian ideas of the Tang Dynasty.  In fact, it has long been completely different from Confucius¡¯ Confucianism.  Confucianism at the time of Confucius and Dong Zhongshu's Confucianism in the Han Dynasty are not the same thing.  But the Confucianism of the Tang Dynasty is not the same thing as the Confucianism of Dong Zhongshu.  Jing Wen was even sure that the later Confucianism of the Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties was definitely not the same thing as the Confucianism of the Tang Dynasty.  It can be seen from this that Confucianism has always been changing, absorbing the characteristics of other theories to improve itself, and in the end it completely lost its shape.  He just puts on a layer of Confucianism and claims to be Confucian.  As for why Confucianism became more and more rigid later on, it can actually be seen from the national policies at that time.  After the Song Dynasty.  During the Ming Dynasty, the country began a maritime ban policy and stopped communicating with foreign countries.  Without communicating with foreign countries, there is no channel for absorbing foreign culture.  The reason why the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty were culturally developed can actually be seen from the fact that they could not control the sea. The Song Dynasty even regarded maritime trade as one of the country's pillar industries, so their Confucianism could continuously absorb foreign cultures to improve themselves and gradually progress.  .  However, the Ming and Qing dynasties obviously could not do this. They banned maritime trade.  Without communicating with foreign countries, Confucianism eventually developed more and more closed-mindedly, and eventually it gradually became extreme.  It can be seen from this that seclusion can kill people.  The end result is blind arrogance.  "Lin'er, if we can't accept foreign culture and stubbornly think that we are the best in the world, then what is the difference between us and Yelang back then? Yelang didn't know the outside world. So he always thought that he was the biggest in the world.  Although our Tang Dynasty is now dominant in the East, there are many countries in the West. Although as far as we know, they are not stronger than us, but they have many civilizations that have risen earlier than us.  Is it necessarily more advanced than them? Whether the culture is advanced or not, whether the doctrine is relevant depends on the place. Their doctrine is naturally suitable for them, and what we can do is learn from each other's strengths instead of rejecting them.  . If we exclude them, how can we develop? Didn¡¯t Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism interact with each other to survive together in this Central Plains?" Jing Wen said.  And Cheng Lin asked again: "Does your husband mean that it was wrong for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to depose hundreds of schools and only respect Confucianism?" "It must be wrong, because the exclusive respect for Confucianism was just to satisfy the needs of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. But  But it caused the entire Central Plains to suffer from a slowdown in cultural development. Because Confucianism no longer had competitors, it naturally slowed down without any worries. Have you forgotten the old saying of "live in trouble and die in peace and happiness"?  Only when a hundred schools of thought contend can various theories develop and many inappropriate ones be eliminated, only then can the entire civilization become better and better," Jing Wen said.  Of course Jing Wen looks down on Han people very muchEmperor Wu, the so-called prosperous age of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is completely touted.  If we look at the data there, the household registration in the world has been reduced by half, which is enough to explain the situation.  Regardless of whether this half of the population became slaves or died completely, it is enough to show that the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not only definitely not a prosperous era, but an almost chaotic era caused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's military brutality.  It's just that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was lucky. The capital left to him by his father and grandfather was strong enough, and the land annexation was not that serious. The proportion of self-cultivated farmers was large, so he was able to barely survive the crisis.  If the population was halved, any other dynasty would have collapsed. The period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could only barely survive.  Moreover, history books also record that at the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, many peasant uprisings broke out. Doesn¡¯t that explain the problem?  " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism as a means to satisfy his central monarch's goal of centralizing power.  In order to cater to the rulers, Dong Zhongshu did not hesitate to change Confucianism and conform to the rulers' ideas, just so that Confucianism could dominate the academic market in the Central Plains.  Therefore, these two guys are definitely the sinners in terms of cultural inheritance. If it weren't for them, Chinese culture would gradually develop in the contention of a hundred schools of thought and would not be complacent at all.  And since the beginning of respecting Confucianism exclusively, the cultural complacency has made a bad start.  Because he has cut off the channels for supplementing domestic culture, he cannot improve it internally and can only go through foreign countries.  And after the sea ban, even foreign countries no longer had this channel to improve themselves, so this caused China's overall backwardness.  (To be continued, please search Piaotian Literature. The novels will be better and updated faster!
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