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Text Chapter 26 Phases of Venus

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    The atmosphere in the classroom gradually became lively. Firstly, such liveliness was rare, and secondly, Yunyang had been notorious for a long time, and everyone was happy to see it if he could make Yunyang suffer.  The old man looked solemn and said to the students below: "Mr. Wu and I have different understandings of the movement of the stars, so we come here to debate who is right and who is wrong. I invite you to be witnesses."  It was because of Yunyang's notoriety that no one among the students spoke out and clearly supported the old man.  But you can tell whose supporters are more here.  Because most people were looking at Yunyang as if they were laughing.  Only Songhe still stood there stiffly, and he sat down after a while. Even after sitting down, he was still staring straight at Yunyang, his eyes seemed to be shining.  Yunyang didn¡¯t feel too nervous about this situation.  In my previous life, I taught a lot of popular astronomy knowledge to elementary school students and junior high school students who came to visit the observatory. I was also invited to attend astronomy classes in schools.  After all, the astronomy knowledge of the students sitting here is probably not as good as that of the primary school students in the previous life.  "Before we start the debate, I have a request." Yunyang said still with a smile. The old man stretched out his hand: "You say." "This request is very simple." Yunyang said, "If a theory is correct,  Then it must be universal, that is, it must be adaptable to any phenomenon. For example, if I say that all tables in the world have four legs, then when verifying whether this sentence is correct, we cannot look at the four legs.  How many tables are there? We should look at three-legged tables. Even if there is only one three-legged table in the world and there are hundreds of millions of four-legged tables, I don¡¯t know what I am asking.  , Professor Chen, can you think it is reasonable? " Yunyang's theory was called the "black swan theory" in the previous life, which was used to describe the impact of very few individuals on the overall situation.  In scientific theory, that is to say, if a theory can explain ten thousand situations, but there is only one situation that cannot be explained, then it is also not possible, and the theory must be overturned.  The old man nodded: "This request is very reasonable." "Well, let the old man explain his theory first." Yunyang stretched out his hand.  "My theory is very simple. The ancestral star is the center of the universe. The sun, moon and stars all revolve around the earth from west to east. This is exactly what we see. Anyone who looks at the night sky,  Everyone knows this is right," the old man said.  "I would like to ask the old gentleman, if the universe really operates according to this model then how do you explain Chang Geng's phase changes?" Yun Yang said with a smile.  The students below all looked confused, obviously not knowing what Chang Geng¡¯s phase change was about.  The old man was also a little confused.  "Oh, let me explain to everyone." Yunyang touched his chin helplessly.  This is how difficult it is to communicate with people who don¡¯t have any knowledge of astronomy.  "Everyone knows about the changes in the moon phases, right? The moon waxes and wanes One thing that needs to be pointed out is that the changes in the moon phases are not because the earth blocks the light from the sun to the moon, but because the moon is illuminated by the sun.  On the one hand, because of the different rotation angles, what we see on the Ancestral Star is different. We are all warriors, and of course our eyesight is much better than mine I wonder if you have noticed Chang Geng Star? If so,  You will find that the Chang Geng star also has changes similar to the moon phases, with periods of cloudy and sunny periods," Yunyang said.  The students below were still confused, but the old man nodded, "I know this. I have observed Chang Geng Star for several months in a row." "That's good." Yunyang breathed a sigh of relief.  If he didn't even know the phase changes of Venus, then Yunyang really didn't know how to start this debate.  "I wonder if you have noticed that when Chang Geng looks like a round surface, Chang Geng's diameter is the smallest, and when Chang Geng gradually loses weight, Chang Geng's diameter gradually becomes larger? If you have noticed,  So how do you explain this phenomenon? " "Although there are no scientific observation instruments in this world, there are mysterious practices in this world. It is possible to see Venus from a bright spot to a round surface. After all,  , my cheap master can forcibly create a Venus login device Although the students below do not know what is going on, and have not personally observed this phenomenon, Yunyang's explanation is easy to understand, so  They probably understood, and the discussion started again.  "Is what Yunyang said true? Is Chang Geng Star really waxing and waning like the moon?" "It's probably true Professor Chen also said that he has observed this phenomenon" Being called  Professor Chen¡¯s old man? He was stunned for a moment. Obviously, he did not expect Yunyang to ask such a "technical" question.  After being stunned for a moment, the old man replied: "I have never noticed that the diameter of Chang Geng has increased and decreased. I will verify it myself after I go back. But even if there is such a difference, in my case  In the theoretical system, this is not unexplainable. This can only prove that the distance between Changgeng Star and the Ancestral Star is constantly changing, but it does not prove that it is not orbiting the Ancestral Star. " The old man said this.  It sounds like strong words, but it is not easy to refute the old man from this point.  Yunyang smiled helplessly: "Let me give you another analogy. If a pebble was suddenly thrown into our class, then everyone thinks that this situation was accidentally thrown in by a passing naughty boy.  The possibility is high. There were two Transcendent Realm monsters throwing stones at each other thousands of miles away. Then the stone thrown by the Transcendent Realm monster accidentally crossed the distance of thousands of miles, surpassing the protection of the Xuanyuan Sword and the surveillance of the powerful men in our Shenghua City.  , is it likely that it ended up in our classroom? " "It must be a naughty kid who threw it in." A student stood up and said, "Transcendent realm monsters threw stones at us.  Come on, this is basically impossible." "Very good." Yun Yang clapped his hands, motioned the student to sit down, and then looked at Professor Chen: "This simple story illustrates a simple truth, that is  ¡­The simpler the model, the higher the credibility, and the more complex the model, the lower the credibility.¡± This theory was called ¡°Occam¡¯s razor rate¡± in the previous life, and Occam¡¯s razor rate was born before Newton.  That era, but the influence has been spread to Yunyang that time, and has always played an important role.  The meaning of this theory is just as Yunyang said, the more complex the explanation model, the lower its credibility.  "The topic returns to the issue we are debating. Since Chang Geng Star has the phenomenon of expanding and shrinking in diameter, then we should simply believe that Chang Geng and Zu Star are orbiting the sun. Because the orbital speed is different, the distance  It changes all the time, or should I believe what Professor Chen said, which is extremely complex and somewhat unexplainable, that the Chang Geng star orbits the ancestral star in an orbit that alternates between distance and distance? " What Yunyang said seems to be very interesting.  reason.  At this moment, all the students in the classroom couldn't help but have such an idea in their minds at the same time.  The old man paused for a moment, then frowned and said: "Who knows how the universe works? Maybe the universe is running according to a complex system Speaking of which, how can Mr. Five use your universe model to explain it?  "This thing?" "It's very simple" Yunyang said, casually picking up the chalk-like thing and started drawing on the blackboard.  Yunyang first drew a slightly larger circle, "This is the Sun Star." Then he clicked a point outside the circle, "This is Venus uh, Chang Geng Star." Then he clicked another point outside Venus.  Click, "This is our ancestral star." Yunyang pointed to the picture, smiled at the old man, and said to the students below: "Both Changgeng Star and the ancestral star are orbiting the sun star but the orbital speed is not the same.  The same, that is, the time it takes to make a circle is different. So when the Chang Geng star is far away from the ancestor star, the diameter of the Chang Geng star we see will naturally become smaller. When the Chang Geng star happens to be closer to the ancestor star.  When the time comes, the diameter we see will naturally become larger. It¡¯s that simple.¡± After saying this, Yunyang patted the dust on his palms: ¡°My theory can explain this matter very simply and perfectly. How about your theory.  Haha, everyone is watching. " Yunyang said "everyone is watching" to remind the old man not to cheat, but Yunyang seemed to underestimate the old man's face.  The old man was still scratching his head: "Not to mention whether there is a difference in the size of Chang Geng. I have to go back and observe it myself to find out Even if there is, is your explanation the only one? Don't forget  Well, my theory can also explain this matter The examples you gave are not convincing enough. Moreover, you haven't explained why the sun, moon and stars we see rise in the east and set in the west." Yunyang narrowed his eyes.  : "You want convincing evidence? It's easy to handle How to explain the sun, moon and stars rising in the east and setting in the west is also easy to handle."
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