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Volume 2 Chapter 846 Shanghai Affairs (Part 1)

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    "Yuan Chang, how many major crises do you think our dynasty will face in the future?" "The portal of Youyun is densely populated, annexed, and political disputes." Cai Jing replied.  Cai Que, especially Cai Jing, put Youyun Portal first. Wang Ju also deliberately mentioned this before leaving the capital.  The idea of ????Youyun Sixteen States cannot be made for the time being, but it does not mean that it is no longer wanted, unless the capital is moved to Luoyang, but that is impossible to achieve.  To put it bluntly, the northern gate is not in my hands, and it is safer to place the capital in Kaifeng, which is undefendable, than the Ming Dynasty, which placed the capital in Beijing.  But Cai did add: "There is another crisis, the crisis of ethnic groups." Originally, the ethnic policies of the past dynasties were mostly Zhuge Liang's policies. At most, some troops were deployed to guard the border, and then an agent was supported to govern each minority.  National borders.  It was indeed successful in the hands of Zhuge Liang, but it only took a long time for Shu to be established.  On the contrary, later history proved the error of this policy. The best example is that the Tang Dynasty supported the Mengshe family in Nanzhao, and then swallowed the fruit that was bitter.  The Song Dynasty was a little better, but it was not as good as before. Look at how many Jisi areas there were in the Song Dynasty. That¡¯s it. There was also the Nong Zhigao rebellion, and various barbarian areas kept invading and looting. Of course, if the Han people are a lowly race,  , treated as other people's slaves, allowed to be slaughtered and plundered by others, it can also be said that these barbaric areas are constantly revolting.  ¡°These living examples have proven the original policy was inappropriate.  Now most ministers have recognized Wang Ju¡¯s policy of returning natives to rural areas, but this does not mean that it is a perfect policy.  It seems that the south is doing well at the moment. Jiaozhi has become an important reserve granary. Dali continuously provides Guangnan, Jingnan and Bashu with large livestock and war horses that are in short supply in these areas. There are copper mines in Wumeng, which were later discovered one after another.  Some mines, including gold and silver mines that were also in short supply in the Song Dynasty, now have land trade routes to Tianzhu.  However, in general, because these areas were relatively poor and had inconvenient transportation, although the court made profits, it was not much.  But in the past, how much money did the imperial court spend to pacify and stabilize these areas, and how much support did the other side provide?  It would be fine if everything goes well, but if the nation does not handle it properly and there is a large-scale rebellion, nothing will be gained.  It¡¯s not just the south, it¡¯s the south now, and in the future there will be Dangxiang people, Tibetan people, Uighurs in the northwest, and those inexplicable ethnic groups in the north and south Hetao.  If the Song Dynasty had the ability to take back Yanyun, there must be some Tatars, Xi people and Khitan people in its territory.  Therefore, this ethnic issue is becoming more and more important.  But Cai Jing has doubts in his eyes. I am in charge of Sinong Temple. What ethnic group are you talking about?  What I want is his Sinong Temple!  Wang Ju proposed to transfer Lu Dafang back, and Cai Que began to think about his replacement.  The three southern roads and Jiaozhi Road that were recovered were a bit better. Almost all the original people were killed or driven away by Wang Ju. Most of the remaining people were originally on the side of the Song Dynasty, or some people escaped.  , or return again, but the number is small and they can't overcome the storm.  The two roads in Dali are different. Not only now, but also in the next ten years, there must be no problems. Otherwise, the lighter one will be like the original Bashu, and there will be a big riot, and the serious one will become the second Nanzhao.  Therefore, there is no doubt that the selection of the leaders of the two groups must be done with caution.  The two of them thought about this candidate. After thinking about it, Wang Ju suddenly thought of Cai Jing.  Wang Ju had to admit that this person did have some abilities. He didn¡¯t know how he managed to get around and became the chief official of Sinong Temple. How important Sinong Temple became after the reform!  So Wang Ju proposed to Cai Jing, otherwise when the old and new changes in the future, Cai Jing might fall to the old party again. In this case, it is better to move him to the south and let him be full of thoughts on some unruly barbarians.  On the chief.  As for what kind of virtue Cai Jing will become in the future, that will have to wait a long time, and Wang Ju can't control it.  Cai Que continued: "Therefore, the imperial court transferred Lu Dafang back to the capital, and I want to replace him with the king." Cai Jing's face was a little unnatural. The two officials in Yunnan also held the position of appeasement and strategic envoy. In fact, they were far more powerful than him.  Prefecture magistrate or magistrate, but Cai Jing is now the governor of Si Temple, which is only equivalent to a horizontal transfer.  But Cai Jing was not happy that one was an official in Beijing and the other was an official in the far southwest.  Cai Que also saw the change on his face and said calmly: "This is what the Taibao recommended to me. He values ??you very much." "Oh" Cai Jing was surprised. Don't say that Wang Ju will go to the other side in the future. In fact, this is a wonderful move.  In chess, if you continue to stay in the Song Dynasty after a great victory, the court will probably hide everything from Wang Juniao out of fear. But if you go to the other side, you will take a step back to gain a brighter future.The sky still has a huge influence on the Song Dynasty, unless the two sides are no longer open to traffic, but Cai Jing thought of something and asked: "Cai Gong, I heard this." "Yuan Zhang, don't think too much. Soon, you will  Then you can see the truth. "They are all smart people, so there is no need to say more, Cai Jing resigned.  So the imperial court issued an edict, asking Cai Jing to go to Dali and judge Sinong Temple with Wang Cun. Strictly speaking, Wang Cun was also an old party member, but he had a gentle personality.  In fact, Cai did make many personnel arrangements later on, including promoting many influential figures in the old party, but there was one most important prerequisite, which was that he had a gentle personality and not much aggression. ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ Seeing the cheering crowds on both sides, Zhong Shidao felt envious in his heart. An official would not want to have such an influence in the hearts of the people.  Of course, in terms of influence in the hearts of the people, Wang Ju's entire official career has reached its extreme.  Wang Ju rode on horseback, kept offering his hands to the people, and then came to the state government office with Zhong Shidao.  Although the Song Dynasty pushed the front line to Yinzhou and Xiaoguan, due to the constraints of transportation costs, Qingzhou once again became the main force in the expedition against Xia.  "It's still the same as before." Wang Ju said when he came to the state government office and got off his horse. However, it was normal. In ancient times, repairing government offices was still the most taboo thing for officials. Unless it was really dilapidated, they generally would not repair the government office.  A group of people walked into the state government office.  "Taibao, this is a secret letter from Cai Gong to you." Wang Ju opened the letter, and there was only one thing written on it, that is, the Song Dynasty had sent a large number of armors to Goryeo, half sold and half given away.  In fact, even if all Goryeo troops were replaced with new Song Dynasty armor, it would still be impossible to defeat the Liao Kingdom.  But the winning and losing factors are increased bit by bit, but this is a flying move. Wang Ju dare not say how much effect it can play.  He put down the letter and Zhong Shidao said again: "Taibao, Lanzhou has also sent an urgent report and asked me to forward it to you." Wang Ju opened it and said in surprise: "Hei Khan sent troops?" "Hei Khan?"  Zhong Shidao was also a little surprised. He couldn't help but glance at the ultimatum. It was sent by Wang Wenyu. It contained a message that Hei Khan suddenly sent troops to Shazhou.  Wang Wenyu didn't know the specific situation. After all, it was too far away. I'm afraid this news was leaked by the Xixia people and let the Song Dynasty scouts find out.  "Taibao, did Hei Khan send an envoy to contact our court?" There are several reasons why Hei Khan sent troops to Xixia, and this is the best one.  In the past, Hei Khan sent envoys to pay tribute to the Song Dynasty many times. This tribute cannot be taken seriously. In fact, it was not the Song Dynasty that Hei Khan really regarded as his superior state, but the Liao Dynasty.  But because there is no conflict between the two, the relationship between Hei Khan and the Song Dynasty is not bad.  Perhaps seeing that the Song Dynasty was really sure of destroying Xia this time, Black Khan sent troops to assist.  If this is the case, they will send envoys to Huangzhou to inform Zhongyi.  But no, Wang Ju shook his head.  "Is there a huge conflict between Heihan and Xixia?" "No, no news has been heard from the front line, and at this time, Xixia will not conflict with Heihan." "Taobao, is it cold in the Western Regions at this time?  ? " "The weather there is different from that of Shaanxi Road. It's hot during the day and cold at night, but it's still very cold at this time. " " If it's not these two situations, it's the other two.  It's possible.  One way is to take advantage of the situation and take advantage of it, just like Dong Fei. Whenever the Song army fought with Xixia, he immediately sent troops to Lanzhou and Liangzhou to take advantage of the opportunity.  The Song Dynasty also knew about it and supported it. After all, it more or less contained the power of Xixia.  If it¡¯s this one, it¡¯s not a big problem.  What I am afraid of is the last possibility, which is to take the opportunity to invade the western part of the Hexi Corridor.  If the Song Dynasty occupied this area first, there would be a section of the declining Gaochang Uighur region in the middle. The Gaochang Uighurs would not be a threat to the Song Dynasty, and it is unlikely that the Liao Kingdom would stop itself and move southward from the Yanhai Sea, because the cost would be too high.  If the soil and water in the Upper Western Region deteriorate, then the northwest will gradually be calmed down, and the entire Hexi Corridor will return to the embrace of the Central Plains Dynasty.  But if the Black Khan occupied Shazhou, Guazhou and Suzhou first, it would become an established fact. In addition, there were mostly Uighurs in this area, and it would be very difficult for the Song Dynasty to take it back.  Either they have to use force and start a war with the Black Khan Army, which undoubtedly adds many variables.  ¡°And the time is wrong, it¡¯s only the end of February, and it took some time for the news to reach Wang Wenyu.  This means that Hei Khan still sends out troops in the first month, which is when the weather is cold and freezing. Even if Hei Khan is all cavalry, they still have to transport supplies. In this kind of weather??How difficult it is to transport!  So this was a premeditated and quick surprise attack.  Wang Ju thought for a long time and said, "Order the arrest." "Duan Tianshui, what did you see?" Cai Que asked, pointing to the map.  The map is a map of both sides of the Qiantang River, up to Wusong River, to Hangzhou in the west, and to the sea in the east.  Duan Tianshui was confused for a moment and said cautiously: "Cai Gong, is it water conservancy?" "Why water conservancy?" "The southeast is the most important, but the Yanguan Chao is the pain in the southeast," Duan Tianshui replied hesitantly.  No matter how much the Qiantang Tide brought harm to the Liangzhe Road, it had nothing to do with a little person like him.  And Wang Ju also criticized the southeastern officials, saying one thing, that is, the Qiantang River is restricted by terrain and tides, and the overall trend is to rise in the south and collapse in the north.  Because of this, the Qiantang River changed its course three times during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially to the west of Jinniushan Mountain in Haiyan. It moved dozens of miles northward, turning a straight horn into the shape of a phoenix neck and a phoenix mouth, and a turning tide emerged.  However, it still needs to be treated. Wang Juxiang wrote about Wu Yue¡¯s method of using stone cages to block tides, and also deliberately wrote about fish scale ponds.  Just writing about this trend will provide long-term direction for local officials to manage the trend.  It is indeed impossible to have a relationship with Duan Tianshui. Cai Que just asked casually to see what the two people's vision was.  "Keep talking." "Mr. Cai, the common people have never been to the southeast and don't know the local conditions." "Zhang Jian, what did you see?" "Here" another thin middle-aged man hesitated a little, just like that.  The map is obviously centered on the Qiantang River. Besides water conservancy, what else is there?  In other words, the land of plenty is now Husu, but it¡¯s not on this map!  Or it may be local business, but if it is business, there must also be Huzhou and Suzhou.  He stared at the map for a long time, and suddenly saw a place and said, "Is it Shibo Division?" "Well" Cai Que became interested: "Tell me about it." "Mr. Cai, now Shibo Division  The map of the city is becoming more and more important in our dynasty, but each of these cities has its own shortcomings. Although the Guangzhou city port is connected to the great river in the south, it only extends to Lingnan and is too far away from the Central Plains.  In Jiaozhi City, the radiation area is even narrower. Because Fujian Road is mountainous and narrow, many people are forced to work as merchants to make a living. Quanzhou Port has come from behind, but its radiation range is even more limited.  The great rivers are connected. Although it is in the north, the cost of transporting goods to the capital is still very high. Therefore, the Hangzhou Shipping Department was established. However, due to the damage of the Yanguan tide, the navigation of ships was inconvenient and accidents occurred from time to time, so the court again  Ganpu Shipping Department was established in Xiuzhou, but it was still affected by the tide. Therefore, a Shipping Department was established in Mingzhou. However, if Mingzhou Shipping Department wanted to transfer goods to the inland, it had to go from Cixi to Yuyao, and then from Cixi to Yuyao.  The Yuyao River was transferred to Shangyu, and then from the canal to Hangzhou. The cost was also very high. "These shortcomings do exist, but the court has no good solution.  You can¡¯t build Suzhou Port. You must know that the current Yangtze River is not the Yangtze River of later generations. Especially below Yangzhong, the width is nearly twice as wide as that of later generations.  The wider it means the bigger the tide, just like the Amazon River, because the entrance to the sea is so wide that the tide head is almost the same as the Qiantang River.  Coupled with strong winds and waves, this meant that in the Song Dynasty, from Yangzhong to below, the Yangtze River was not a good place to park a ship.  Therefore, the Grand Canal runs directly from the south of Suzhou to Zhenjiang, rather than from Suzhou to the Yangtze River and then to Yangzhou.  If you are not afraid of trouble, the ship can still go up, but that means there is no way to inspect.  Cai Que raised his forehead.  "Mr. Cai, there is one place we can investigate." "Where?" "Qinglong Town, Xiuzhou." Cai Que laughed: "Qinglong Town will tell you later, Duan Tianshui, what do you think of Cheng Fang?" These two people  It was a candidate deliberately found out by Cai Que's subordinates.  The imperial court appointed Cheng Fang as the envoy for river control, in charge of water conservancy in Hebei. Duan Tianshui had been Cheng Fang's most important disciple and made great contributions. Later, under the attack of Wen Yanbo and Han Qi, Wang Anshi did not protect him, and Cheng Fang died of depression.  Duan Tianshui was so frightened that he went home.  Therefore, it is said that Wang Anshi is not good at employing people. There are some bright spots in the reform, which are nothing more than Wang Shao's military management, Xue Xiang's financial management, and Cheng Fang's water conservancy. However, none of these three people ended up well, and they did not get Wang Anshi's real respect!  Duan Tianshui said very carefully: "Although Ambassador Cheng He is eager for success, the common people think that he has contributed nine times to the imperial court and one is to blame." He looked at Cai Que's face and added: "But the common people think that after thousands of years  , future generations will definitely give Cheng Heshi a higher evaluation. "Although Wang Ju "rehabilitated" Cheng Fang, because Cheng Fang was still a traitor.He was a eunuch, so all aspects of the rehabilitation were treated coldly, and the impact was limited. At most, he was given some official posts and some rewards to his relatives.  So it seems that the court has not done enough.  However, the status of eunuchs in the Song Dynasty was very low. Just like the great eunuch Li Xian, he was just the same in the political arena.  And thousands of years later, how many people will know about Cheng Fang?  Cai Que was also dissatisfied, thinking that Prince An had already sought justice for Cheng Fang, what else could a eunuch think of!  But he was quite satisfied with what Duan Tianshui said. He turned to look at Zhang Jian and said, "Okay, let's talk about Qinglong Town first." He rolled up the map on top, and there was another map below, a map of Huating County.  Huating County became Shanghai later, but it was different from Shanghai in many ways. First of all, part of the Jinshan Mountain in the southeast corner followed the trend of the Qiantang River rising from the south to the north, and later submerged under the sea, but the area was not too big.  The sand is on the same line as Nanhui, and it is under the sea.  There are also Hengsha Island and Changxing Island that have not surfaced, and Chongming Island is now just a few scattered small islands.  However, Huating County does not cover the entire Shanghai. From the north of Wusong River, Jiading and Baoshan belong to Kunshan County, Suzhou. However, the area of ??Huating County is not that large. It includes the later Shanghai urban area, Qingpu, Songjiang, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, and Jinshan.  , as well as parts of Jiashan and Pinghu areas in Zhejiang.  In terms of area, it is the first county in the southeast.  There is no Huangpu River now, so there is no distinction between Pudong and Puxi.  Finally, there is Dianshan Lake. There is no Dianshan Lake now, but consists of several lakes. The largest lake has been named Gu Lake since the Qin Dynasty. It was not until the Southern Song Dynasty that Ma Teng Lake, Gu Lake and other lakes were connected together to form Dianshan Lake.  But in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was still not called Dianshan Lake, but Xuedian Lake.  But it does not mean that the current area of ??Dianshan Lake is on the contrary. Just a valley lake is larger than the area of ????Dianshan Lake later. Although several lakes were gradually connected after decades, due to artificial lakes, as well as ocean tide intrusion, waterlogging and sediment accumulation,  Siltation causes the silt at the bottom of the lake to be constantly moved and deposited by wind and wave erosion, so the lake area becomes smaller and smaller.  However, only Wang Ju has some understanding of these four changes.  Cai Que looked at the confused eyes of the two people and gave a simple explanation.  China developed the southeastern region relatively early, and Wu and Yue fought for hegemony. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the civilization in this region no longer lagged behind the civilization of the Central Plains.  However, the Xiuzhou area, especially the Shanghai area, was developed relatively late. There are two reasons. Although Huating County was relatively lightly harmed by the Qiantang River tide, the river tide was very large at this time. The two tides hit each other, and the sea tide poured in from time to time.  Although the area is densely covered with rivers, there is only one main trunk road, the Wusong River in the northeast. Therefore, when a typhoon arrives or autumn floods occur, flood water rolls in from the upper reaches but cannot be discharged in time, so waterlogging is serious.  But during the Five Husties, a large number of people from the Central Plains fled south. Many people came to this area and defected to the local wealthy families such as the Lu family, becoming their tenants and tribes. The population gradually became denser, and the first development began.  Then in the Tang Dynasty, more areas surged out of the sea. However, due to the uneven terrain and soft land in these areas, sea surges often occurred. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty government built a more than 100-mile-long barrier from Haiyan in the west to the south bank of Wusong River in the east.  Hanhai Changdi also has a county. It is also the first time that Shanghai has officially established a county.  This was the second development. As the population became more dense, some ships went up the Wusong River and traded in Qinglong Town. In addition, the agriculture in Shanghai also began to become developed at this time, so Qinglong Town became a commercial center.  Important town.  But the real development started from Wu Yue to the Song Dynasty. This was the third major development.  During the Wu and Yue Dynasties, the Dushui Camp Envoy and the Liqian Army were specially set up to dredge the Wusong River and manage the Dianshan Lake. They also built many steep gates, embankments and irrigation ditches.  On this basis, the Song Dynasty further developed and created many enclosed fields, cabinet fields, fengtian and shelf fields.  Enclosed fields, cabinet fields and polder fields are similar to each other. Fengtian refers to growing crops such as water bamboo and cattail on the water, while jiaotian refers to growing crops and vegetables on floating wooden rafts.  In addition, Tu Tian and Sha Tian appeared.  Coupled with the government's intention to introduce wheat from the north and Champa rice from the south, by this time, agriculture in Shanghai gradually became equal to fishery.  The population has also grown from 10,000 households in the early Song Dynasty to 100,000 households.  For a county, one hundred thousand households is already a lot, but it cannot be said that it is extremely densely populated. After all, it covers an area too large, and because there are many fertile fields with siltation, the yield per mu reaches five or six stones, so it can accommodate more than 100,000 people.  Far from reaching the limit.  But even if there is no change, it continues to develop. Not only is this a land of fish and rice, but there are also many salt farms in the southeast. Because the people are wealthy and commerce is developed, the wine industry is prosperous, so the Song Dynasty built a winery on a tributary of the Wusong River.  The service is called Shanghai Service.  At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty established the Municipal Shipping Department, and the Southern Song Dynasty further developed, so the Municipal Shipping Department was directly established in Qinglong Town.?Haiwu was changed to Shanghai Town, and Shanghai Town became the urban area of ??Shanghai later. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the population expanded to nearly 200,000 households, and it was called Little Hangzhou.  Cai Zhen did not know what the Southern Song Dynasty was like. He continued: "Although Huating is good, it is still only on both sides of the Wusong River." "Cai Gong, you mean there is no main river to discharge floods in the southeast?" Duan Tianshui asked.  Cai Que nodded, because there is no main river to discharge floods in the southeast area, so even if there was large-scale development in the Song Dynasty, the southeast area was still mostly lake terrain, with only fishery and salt industry, and little agriculture.  At the same time, the river tide is strong, and only one main river has high and low tides. The tide is very fast, making it unsafe for ships to travel, especially bulky and large sea-going ships.  Even small ships can only enter Qinglong Town to berth. Qinglong Town is located in Qingpu, far away from the estuary and is slightly less affected by the tide.  Therefore, although the Southern Song Dynasty established a shipping department in Qinglong Town, it never reached the heights of other shipping departments.  As the Wusong River silted up, many ships moved to Shanghai Town to berth. Shanghai Town gradually replaced Qinglong Town, and then the sea ban came. When Cai Que said this, he drew a line on the map with a pen.  Tian Shui and Zhang Jian looked at the line and said repeatedly: "Wonderful, wonderful." "I asked you to go to Huating County, are you willing?" Cai Que's words made the two people's faces change color. To be continued.  
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