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    Taking the initiative to withdraw from NATO and being kicked out of NATO by the Americans are two completely different concepts.  ?Voluntarily withdrawing means that de Gaulle does not want to be associated with NATO at all, and is determined to part ways with NATO.  This shows that all the previous things were done by you on your own initiative in order to achieve the purpose of withdrawing from NATO.  In this way, the Americans can fight back and blame all problems on de Gaulle.  And if de Gaulle does not take the initiative to withdraw from NATO, and the matter is left to be handled by the United States, what can you Americans do?  For the United States, if de Gaulle is cheating, there is really no good countermeasure.  Either kick France out of NATO, or suppress your nausea and acquiesce that France will continue to stay in NATO.  But no matter which choice it is, it will be extremely painful for the United States.  Driving away the Gaulish leader de Gaulle will naturally put all the blame on the United States. He can declare: "France has not withdrawn from NATO, and has no intention of staying away from its allies. We are willing to stay and play a role in NATO. That is  The little-bellied Americans are determined to drive us away. They just don¡¯t allow Europe to have its own opinions, and they just don¡¯t want Europe to be good!¡± Even more sensational, de Gaulle said: ¡°France has always been with its European allies, and has always been with Europe.  Even if it is driven out of North Vietnam, France will still be willing to advance and retreat together with its allies! "It is conceivable that if de Gaulle said this, all the pressure of public opinion would be transferred to the United States, such as hegemonism and expulsion.  If it goes along with its allies, the label of being arrogant will all be pinned on the United States.  At that time, international public opinion was very unfavorable, at least Eisenhower could not tolerate such a result.  So instead of driving away the French, just pretend you didn¡¯t see these bastards?  This is not impossible, but it is too painful. It is tantamount to allowing the French to take advantage of it, and Americans do not like this result.  So what choice did Americans make in the end?  The Americans chose the second approach, temporarily tolerating France's stay in NATO, but gave a new warning: "What France did was a complete betrayal of NATO. The reason why France was not expelled from NATO was the U.S. government."  I believe that the mistakes made by only a few politicians have nothing to do with the people of the United States. The US government, which advocates freedom and is willing to safeguard freedom and peace, will not forget its responsibility to safeguard democracy and freedom even if it is offended and betrayed, so we are willing to protect it.  The French people, we also believe that the French people will soon see through the true colors of those despicable politicians and understand the greatness of the American government!" To be honest, these words have no meaning, that is, Americans are just trying to save some face for themselves.  That¡¯s all.  As for whether the French people will appreciate it, it's really hard to say. At least for the time being, it seems that most people don't appreciate it.  De Gaulle was also quite proud of this result. After this confrontation, he almost achieved all his goals, received more generous and lower-cost aid from the Soviet Union, expelled the British and American forces in France, and along with it, a wave of  Face has raised his approval rating to new heights.  And with the adoption of the new constitution, his power as president has been greatly strengthened. To put it bluntly, he is now the poisoner of France.  De Gaulle was finally able to flex his muscles. After establishing a firm foothold, he immediately began to settle the old accounts left by the Fourth Republic, severely cracked down on those national congressmen who could only show off their words, and restarted the French state machine.  But there are still many problems before de Gaulle, such as Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria.  His response was to gradually withdraw troops and allow these former colonies to become autonomous or independent.  Although this approach was attacked by many French colonialists, ordinary people did not have much objection to it because these three colonies consumed too many financial resources.  After abandoning them, France's finances were liberated and more money could be invested in social welfare projects, and this is what the people are most concerned about.  ¡°About half of these saved military expenditures were thrown into social welfare projects, one-third was allocated to scientific research institutions, and the rest was all exempted.  Therefore, the French people feel that their welfare has been improved, and the tax burden has been reduced. Even because the military industrial enterprises have received more funds, the number of jobs has increased.  Do you think they would not welcome such an adjustment?  Anyway, de Gaulle solved the resistance of the colonialists without much effort. His approval rate has been rising all the way, and the status of the president has become more and more stable.  And this is out-and-out bad news for the Americans. When De Gaulle announced his withdrawal from North Africa, American think tanks generally believed that this would detonate the French political arena, and that De Gaulle would be ousted soon, and then everything would be over.  Everything will return to normal.  But not only did de Gaulle not step down, but his position became more and more consolidated, which was like a chokehold for Americans.  Yes, France has become a nasty fish bone. Within NATO, France just does not follow the rhythm of the United States.After leaving, almost everything the Americans say is opposed to them. The Americans want to impose their own weapons standards on NATO, but the French just don¡¯t agree. Even the UK surrendered and the relevant agreements were passed, but France just doesn¡¯t fulfill them.  , and categorically stated that they would never accept the standards imposed by Americans, which made Americans angry and hateful.  ¡°After France took this bad lead, the Netherlands, Belgium and Italy were not so obedient, which made the United States have to pay a greater price to win over them.  All in all, Americans hated de Gaulle.  Eisenhower was angry: "You must show that bastard some color!" Why was Eisenhower so angry?  The reason is very simple. At the NATO artillery caliber selection conference, France said no to NATO's new standard 39-caliber 155mm artillery. The French decided to make their own.  Moreover, on the issue of the Soviet Union, the French also took a tough stance and stated that they would not follow the hardline policies of the United States, advocating for easing the confrontation in Europe, and demanding some kind of peace policy.  These are things that Eisenhower, who actively advocated foreign expansion, could not bear, so Mr. President was determined to give the French some color!  "Take back those M48 tanks and stop leasing them to the French!" Some comrades may find it strange, what is going on with this M48 tank?  It turns out that after the end of World War II, France, which joined the NATO camp, should assume military tasks within the NATO framework. These tasks required France to build a decent armored force.  But we know that the French tank industry came to an end in 194o.  Even though it was only interrupted for five or six years, these five or six years were the five or six years when tank exhibitions were the most vigorous. The technology and design of 194o were completely outdated in 1946 or 1944, let alone 1946.  Moreover, France's economy was tight after the war and it was unable to spend large sums of money to develop its armored strength. Therefore, the only way to catch up with the world's advanced level in a short period of time was to introduce tanks.  After some investigation, France decided to introduce American m47/m48 tanks in 1951.  It¡¯s not that the performance of this tank is ideal, the main thing is that it doesn¡¯t cost money.  These tanks are leased by the United States to France for free, which is actually equivalent to military aid.  Using these m47/m48 tanks, France developed a decent armored force.  However, now the United States and France have fallen out. As mentioned earlier, these tanks were only leased by the United States to France.  In other words, the ownership is still in the hands of the United States. Now that the French are dishonest, the Americans have decided to give France eye drops.  Therefore, the U.S. government quickly notified France and requested or ordered to take back these tanks in advance.  How could de Gaulle not know that this was a retaliatory measure by the Americans? To be honest, he felt that the Americans were quite worthless. The Lend-Lease Agreement that had just been concluded was about to be torn up. This was not a sign of failure.  And de Gaulle is also a tough man. If he doesn't give tanks, he won't give them to him. Do you think this can make me surrender?  Return all these m47/m48s, and I won't want your junk anymore.  More than a hundred M47 tanks that had just arrived in France were returned to the United States less than half a year ago, along with a batch of M4 medium tanks that the Americans gave to France after the victory in 1945.  De Gaulle's meaning is very simple, don't you Americans want to get stuck?  Okay, I don¡¯t want any of your scraps and scraps, I¡¯ll give them all to you, and let¡¯s break up in one fell swoop!  Of course, de Gaulle is still tough, but the French armored forces still have to live.  So did France have any tanks for use at this time?  To be honest, not really.  At this time, the only tank France could produce on its own was the am-13 tank with a swinging turret. The defense of this thing was almost zero. It was more like a self-propelled anti-tank gun than a serious tank.  Anyway, the effectiveness of this thing is very limited. Let alone confront the Soviet armored torrent, it is probably quite dangerous to face the Nazi iron torrent in World War II.  All in all, this is a stopgap measure, a makeshift thing that France came up with when it had no way to design and produce medium tanks.  In fact, the French also knew that its effectiveness was limited, and originally expected to use the American m47/m48 to transition and slowly develop their own medium tanks.  But now that the Americans have torn up the agreement, the French armored department has to make adjustments to its development plans.  According to the estimates of the armor department, France will be able to produce its own medium tank around 1955 in the most optimistic situation.  There must be a window period of three to five years during this period. If you don't want to run naked, you can only import it from abroad.  De Gaulle accepted this suggestion. It was inevitable to introduce a small number of medium tanks as an emergency. The next key question was where to introduce them.  The United States definitely doesn't need to think about it. Even if the United States agrees to sell tanks, De Gaulle will not buy them.  He is a strong person!  After excluding the United States, there are only a handful of countries with relatively advanced medium tanks, and there is actually only one within the NATO framework.  That's Britain.  This?The British Centurion has already been put into production, and has even been improved to the mk3 model, which is considered a mature shelf product.  If France wants to buy it, it shouldn¡¯t be a big problem.  As long as there is money to be made, the British are happy to make deals.  Of course, to be honest, De Gaulle had some resistance to the introduction of British tanks. First of all, he did not want to be looked down upon by Churchill. The old guy would definitely laugh at him behind his back. He did not want to encourage the British's "arrogance".  Secondly, his sense of British tanks is also not good. The low iron turtle is far from the armor thinking advocated by de Gaulle and France at this time (the French prefer tanks with strong firepower and better mobility, which is the so-called exchanging mobility for mobility).  Defensive thinking), I have to say that these two kinds of thinking are so incompatible, even if there is no other choice, de Gaulle does not like British tanks.  But in the end, De Gaulle endured it. Anyway, this batch of tanks was only used for transitional emergencies, and the quantity purchased was not large. Let¡¯s get over the current hurdle first!  So France and Britain quickly started negotiations. One was willing to sell and the other was willing to buy. The deal should be successful.  But unexpected circumstances soon occurred, and the Americans came forward to disrupt the situation. They exerted great diplomatic pressure on Britain and forced Britain to terminate the deal, otherwise they would refuse to provide Britain with more economic assistance.  Under this huge diplomatic pressure, Churchill had to give in. He could only regretfully tell De Gaulle that the deal fell through.  You can imagine how angry De Gaulle was. Your Yankees took back the tanks for assistance, but they even ruined my business of buying tanks. You think this can embarrass me. What the hell?  Looking for embarrassment, you know?  Why did de Gaulle say that Americans are looking for embarrassment?  The reason is very simple. As mentioned earlier, France has very few channels for outsourcing tanks. Within the NATO framework, there is only the United Kingdom. However, outside the NATO framework, it is not impossible that no one can provide first-class tanks. The Soviet Union can do it!  In fact, I heard that after the United States and France fell out over the tank issue, the Soviet Union quickly came to sell its own tanks at very favorable prices.  However, de Gaulle politely rejected the Soviet proposal for the time being due to political considerations.  But now that the United States has forced him into a hurry, he is willing to go all out and refuse to give me the M48 or let me buy the Centurion. Then I will go directly to the Soviet Union to buy the T55. Then it will be up to you where to put the face of the United States!  Soon, under the instruction of de Gaulle, this news was released, and the entire NATO was boiling.  Purchasing tanks from their biggest enemy. NATO countries really admire de Gaulle's imagination. How many people do you need to do such a thing?  Anyway, the Americans immediately expressed the strongest protest and condemnation, accusing France of betraying NATO. If France does not immediately step back from the brink, the United States and NATO will never sit idly by and will definitely give France the most serious punishment 8
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