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Text Chapter 1050 Woodblock Watermark

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    Next, Zheng Qiuda took out several ancestral items and asked Chu Chen to comment on them. However, these items were relatively ordinary. There was only one Qianlong landscape watercolor porcelain vase, which was not bad.  ¡Æ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? This porcelain is not an official kiln, it is just a piece of folk kiln work with relatively exquisite workmanship, and the market value is only one or two thousand, but if it were another official kiln, the value of this porcelain is estimated to be  Tens of thousands, which can be regarded as a bit saddening of folk kilns.  Although his things are not fine antiques, for Zheng Qiuda, even if they are not even antiques, they are still objects passed down from ancestors. He must preserve them well and strive to leave them to the next generation intact and count them as family history.  witness.  At this time, Zheng Qiuda took out a box. After opening it, Chu Chen took a look and saw a small box covered with glass. The inside of the box showed scenes from the wells and alleys of the old capital.  The simple, elegant and finely crafted courtyard wall quietly separates the bustling market from the quiet courtyard. Outside the courtyard, there are displays of foreign carts, candied haws, knife sharpeners, porters, Go players, bird walks, diabolos, etc. that you know and don¡¯t know.  Beijing folk customs.  Although the whole scene is small, it is worth pondering from any angle, especially those "artists" who are little monkeys who only look alive, which adds to the interest of the work.  And this is the traditional handicraft "hairy monkey" in Beijing.  Speaking of hairy monkeys, I¡¯m afraid not many people know about them now. This kind of folk art unique to the capital is said to have appeared during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.  At that time, there was a young man in a drug store in Beijing who was bullied by the accountant.  He accidentally discovered that cicada slough has certain image characteristics, and he couldn't help but feel moved.  He decided to use Chinese medicinal materials to create a "Mr. Accountant".  He chose Xin Yi as the torso, and cut off the cicada's nose as the head.  The front legs were used as the lower limbs, and the hind legs were used as the upper limbs. When they were glued with Bletilla striata, an image of a human and a monkey appeared. In this way, the world's first woolly monkey was born.  After spreading to society, it was improved by thoughtful people, gradually forming the handicraft that is now loved by people.  The little monkeys in the glass boxes in front of us are covered with dense brown or white fine hairs, and their whole bodies are slightly transparent, at first glance.  I thought it was a specimen of a real hairy monkey, but it was made very realistically. It not only showed the monkey's agility and liveliness, but also reflected the author's very superb craftsmanship.  Seeing these miniature monkeys, Chu Chen smiled and said: "Uncle, your set of furry monkeys is very well made. The framing design and other aspects are very well grasped. It is the best thing I have seen in these years."  Okay. This is the most interesting work of woolly monkeys. It is very collectible." Uncle Chen was startled when he heard this. He originally took out this work of woolly monkeys just to amuse everyone.  Unexpectedly, it was also a collection. He scratched his head and said, "I bought this work five years ago from an old artist who made woolly monkeys. When I have nothing to do, I take it out to look at.  Le, I really didn¡¯t expect it. It also has collection value.¡± Chu Chen said with a smile: ¡°As long as something has artistic value, it can be collected, not to mention that your work of woolly monkey is so unique and charming.  Of course it¡¯s more worth collecting. To be honest, I¡¯m thinking of buying it now.¡± Uncle Chen said with some regret, ¡°It¡¯s really unfortunate that the old artist passed away from a stroke last summer.  If you like it, how about I give it to you?" "How embarrassing!" Chu Chen waved his hands repeatedly, saying that he could not take away the favor.  Uncle Chen had a hot head before and said these words. As soon as he said them, he regretted it. Now that he saw Chu Chen say this, he said a few more polite words and stopped persuading him.  After chatting about a few interesting things on the topic of hairy monkeys, Uncle Chen called his wife to prepare to take back the things he had just taken out and put them away.  Seeing this, Chu Chen pointed to a scroll on the table that should be made of silk, and said: "Uncle, I haven't seen this one yet!" Uncle Chen waved his hand: "Hey! This is a scroll.  When I first bought Zhao Ji's fake "Willow Crows and Reeds and Wild Gooses", I saw how lifelike the painting was, and I was a money-lover. Plus at the time, I didn't know the original was in the Lushi Museum, so I spent thousands of dollars on it.  After hearing this, Chu Chen frowned and said, "I think it's a forgery, not a fake, right?" "Uncle Chen," he said.  He smiled and said, "It's really a fake. I went to the Shanghai Museum to see the original. This one is exactly the same as that one. It can't be a forgery." "Exactly the same?" Chu Chen became a little confused after hearing this.  At this time, Zheng Qiuda asked?: "Xiao Chu, you have never seen this painting just now, why do you say it is an imitation?" Uncle Chen and his wife were startled when they heard this, yes, Chu Chen didn't even look at it just now, how could you say it was a fake?  What about imitation?  "Because of the material." As he said that, Chu Chen took the scroll in his hand and said, "Look, this silk looks very sparse and the smoothness is also very poor, which means it is woven using a shuttle-by-wire operation.  Yes, I would like to ask, how many people are willing to use handmade silk to fake it?" "As he said, he took out a magnifying glass to observe carefully, and then said: "And the warp of the silk is made of double silk, and the weft is single silk, the thickness of the silk is  It is even and tightly woven, which should be the characteristics of Ming Dynasty silk. In addition In short, I think this should be a Ming Dynasty silk painting, and the quality of the silk is very high." After hearing Chu Chen's explanation and conclusion, Chen  The uncle and his wife couldn't help but be stunned.  What do you mean? Is this a fake? Is it really a forgery like Chu Chen said?  Zheng Qiuda also looked very surprised. After a while, he said: "Xiao Chu, but the uncle just said that it is exactly the same as the original work. It is said that this is a second layer, but it is obviously a silk painting. You can't remove it even if you want to.  ?¡± Seeing everyone looking at him, Chu Chen laughed: ¡°Old Zheng, have you forgotten the ¡®woodblock watermark¡¯?¡± ¡°Yes, how could I forget that there is such a craft?¡± Zheng Qiuda patted his forehead.  .  Uncle Chen quickly asked: "Mr. Chu, what is woodblock watermarking?" Chu Chen explained with a smile: "Woodblock watermark calligraphy and painting is a unique reproduction process in my country. It integrates painting, engraving and printing, and displays based on the principle of ink penetration. The rhyme of brushstrokes and ink can not only be used to create works of art that reflect one's own characteristics, but also can be used to realistically reproduce various types of calligraphy and painting. " Speaking of which, woodblock watermark calligraphy and painting have a long history in our country.  As far back as the Tang Dynasty, monochrome woodblock printing had reached a considerable level.  At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the appearance of overprinting such as "µ’°æ" and "Gonghua" showed that technology had made greater progress.  Since this craft is always based on manual work, our country is currently inheriting and developing it purely as a cultural heritage.  From a financial perspective it was no expense spared, but in terms of the results achieved it was huge.  Chu Chen continued: "The production of woodblock watermark calligraphy and painting is an extremely professional and creative process. It is divided into four steps: outline, engraving, watermarking, and mounting. The first three steps are the most important, and  It is very labor-intensive and time-consuming. " "It not only involves the production staff's ability to grasp the original work, but also involves their painting and engraving skills. When printing, it also involves the production staff's exquisite skills, materials, pigments, moisture, and even temperature and humidity.  A little carelessness will lead to wasted preliminary work. " "Because of this, the success rate of producing a woodblock watermark calligraphy and painting is very low. Taking Hu Zhengyan's "Shizhuzhai Calligraphy and Painting Manual" in the Ming Dynasty as an example, just one set of woodblocks was consumed.  Ten years of work by dozens of professionals is a huge project, and the investment is huge. In addition, the number of times a set of woodblocks can be used is quite limited. Normally, the entire set can be used effectively no more than a hundred times. " Hearing this, Chen said.  The uncle said: "That is to say, if my painting is a woodblock watermark calligraphy and painting, it is likely that there are still many paintings in existence, but if it really existed, it would have been spread long ago, right?" Chu Chen said: "  I mean it has been used no less than a hundred times, but it is possible that it was only printed once or a few times. You have to know that although Zhao Ji's "Willow Crows and Reed Geese" is divided into upper and lower parts, they were both in the Ming Dynasty.  How can it be possible for the inner palace to collect watermarks if they are not the emperor himself or the royal family? " "For these people, they often do many things without hesitation. Even if the template is carved, it is only normal to throw it away after using it once.  That¡¯s it. And you said it¡¯s exactly the same as the one collected by the Shanghai Museum. Doesn¡¯t it just prove that the watermark template is of high quality?¡± After hearing Chu Chen¡¯s explanation, Uncle Chen rubbed his hands excitedly.  , nodded excitedly: "Yes! Yes! Why didn't I think of this!" The old lady said: "Okay, if your heart is not good, don't get excited, let's see if it's right first.  " "Teacher Chu just said it was a silk painting from the Ming Dynasty, it must be right!" Uncle Chen laughed and carefully cleaned the table, then put on his gloves and carefully unfolded the scroll.  ?????????????????????????????????¡­  The thick willow roots, delicate branches, and plump crows are all painted with great precision and neatness.  The crows are both resting and playing, in a comfortable and peaceful state.  Use raw lacquer as the finishing touch to make it look more energetic.  The picture is based on the contrast between black and white and the interweaving of density and density.It was a great success.  The back section shows four reed geese perching beside the reeds and polygonum flowers. The color is light ocher, which enhances the desolate atmosphere of autumn.  The combination is the famous "Willow Crows and Reed Geese" by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.  Then, Chu Chen quickly picked up the magnifying glass and observed it carefully. After more than twenty minutes, he breathed a sigh of relief, nodded with a smile and said: "Yes, it is indeed made by 'woodblock watermark'.  And the level is very high. At that time, it should not be possible for ordinary craftsmen to do it." (To be continued, please search Piao Tian Literature, the novel will be better and updated faster!
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