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Text 430 The Soviet Union in Internal Struggle

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    There were only two countries waving knives and forks on the table of carving up Iraq, China and the United States. Britain and France were powerless. Apart from sending business groups to play soy sauce, they could not do much at the political and military levels.  In fact, there is another country that is majestic and large enough, and has enough involvement with Iraq, but it cannot get involved at all at this time, because this country has fallen into a dying struggle, and this country is the Soviet Union.

    While the multinational forces were busy dealing with the madmen, the Soviet Union was not idle at all. At this time, what was considered a very important event in the process of the Soviet Union's disintegration, the Vilnius Incident, broke out.

    Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania. Lithuania is one of the countries with the deepest hostility towards the Soviet Union among the Soviet republics.  Because Lithuania was small and weak, it had long been ruled by several neighboring powers, such as Russia, Poland, and Germany. It was briefly independent after World War I, but was controlled by the Bolsheviks that year, established the Soviet regime, and later became the Soviet Union.  a part of.

    ??History, the Soviet Union carried out targeted purges and suppressions against Lithuania many times, resulting in a large number of population losses. It is no wonder that even though Lithuania was a republic of the Soviet Union, it resented the Soviet Union.

    Before the outbreak of the Gulf War, Lithuania actually couldn't wait to declare its independence in the spring of 1993. Although the Soviet Union certainly had objections to this, it did not take measures so quickly. Instead, it delayed it until the spring of 1991, which was almost the whole time.  It took a year before the Soviet Union began to take action.

    This actually cannot be blamed on the slowness of the Soviet Union, because the Soviet Union simply cannot care about the small role of Lithuania. They have a bigger problem, which is the split within the party.

    Gorbachev, the map brain, was engaged in new thinking. In 1990, he thought about a new model. In order to imitate the Western political system, he was determined not only to liberalize party bans and newspaper bans, but also to change the collective responsibility system into  Personal Headship.  Gorbachev was elected as the first President of the Soviet Union with 1834 votes (3 votes in total). In June 1933, Gorbachev was sworn in as President of the Soviet Union for a six-year term.  Just when Gorbachev was about to complete his great task of reform in a new identity, he encountered an unprecedented challenge.

    During the structural reform of the Soviet Union, the importance of the Russian Federation began to rise sharply, but the authority of the central government was being weakened.  Ever since, the fight for the chairmanship of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation has become a very important matter.  However, at this time, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was already severely divided. Because Gorbachev opened a gap, all kinds of chaotic people began to unite openly and form political forces to counterattack the core rule of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

    At this time, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had formed three forces: the "mainstream" (centrist) represented by Gorbachev, the "radical" represented by Yeltsin, and the "traditional".  The radical faction headed by Yeltsin naturally wanted to abolish the Soviet Union and re-exist in the name of Russia and as a capitalist country; the traditional faction not only criticized Yeltsin's right-leaning doctrine, but also seriously criticized Gorbachev's reforms.  Dissatisfied and considered to have deviated from Marxism-Leninism and socialism.  On the contrary, Gorbachev stood in the middle and both sides wanted to kick him out.

    On June 6, 1933, the First People's Congress of the Russian Federation opened. Among the 106 representatives, the "Democratic Russia" that supported Yeltsin only occupied less than one-third of the seats.  On the contrary, the mainstream faction of the Soviet Communist Party has a strong advantage, with "Russian CP people" alone occupying 36 seats.  An even greater benefit is that in the Russian Federation, 75% of the First Secretary of the State Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Chairman of the State Soviet were "elected" as people's representatives, making the mainstream voice actually very strong in the representative conference.

    However, in an election that seemed to be a sure win, problems arose in the selection of candidates due to Goliath's unsurprisingly rough political operations and tactics. The candidates recommended by the mainstream faction were unable to compete with Yeltsin in terms of popularity.  This actually allowed Yeltsin to get 6 votes in the first round of voting, more than 40 votes more than his opponent.  Simply because neither party received more than half of the votes, both parties had to enter the second round of voting.

    Because Gorbachev holds the position of President of the Soviet Union, it is impossible for him to condescend to serve as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. And below, Gorbachev cannot produce a useful talent to fight against the current situation.  The prosperous Yeltsin.  Gorbachev, who was worried about the situation and had no strategy, actually came to the election site in person as the President of the Soviet Union to prevent Yeltsin from being elected. This move caused dissatisfaction among the representatives.  In particular, many of the representatives do not really share his heart. Although they are CP people, they are no longer enthusiastic about CP.

    It can be seen that the lack of political belief is actually a very terrible thing.  Just as a person without moral integrity will have no scruples in doing things, if a person has no political beliefs, he will have no scruples in doing things, and the consequences will be greater, because the direct recipients of politics are the general public.

    During the election campaign, Yeltsin published his campaign platform. His central idea was: Russia should have its own national bank and army;On the land, Russia¡¯s decisions and laws are higher than those of the entire Union; natural resources such as land and mining are owned by the Republic and not the entire Union; ¡°health and time will be spared in order to get us out of the crisis state and lead Russia to  Beautiful times¡±.  During this period, many members of the Soviet Communist Party believed that there was a problem with the Soviet Union's line and that they needed to choose a better path.  And some people even believe that Russia is very strong and healthy, and it is those troublesome republics that have brought too much trouble to the Soviet Union. If they get rid of them, the Soviet Union can continue to be healthy and enjoy high welfare that it should not enjoy in the first place.

    Yeltsin's pursuit of sovereign independence was unthinkable in the past. This kind of behavior of separating the country and subverting the party's power is allowed today because of Gorbachev.  The "beautiful picture" he painted made some people who were dissatisfied with the current situation very yearn for it. Even though they were still members of the CP, they were inclined to Yeltsin to make changes.  At this time, Yeltsin was also a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. They only thought that Yeltsin, who was full of energy and courage, wanted to take a different socialist road like China. However, they did not imagine that one day in the future, Yeltsin would choose to deviate from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and society.  path of doctrine.

    In fact, there is always only a thin line between reformers and traitors, and sometimes they are even the same thing.

    Of course, Gorbachev, who had always only made trouble, did not miss this opportunity. He jumped out and directly accused Yeltsin of not mentioning "socialism" once in his entire speech and not adding "Soviet" when referring to the republic.  "Such an attribution criticizes him for "denying Leninist principles" and advocating "separatism". This is actually disintegrating the alliance and trying to bring down the Soviet Union.

    In fact, what he said was correct. Yeltsin just didn¡¯t want the Soviet Union, and he didn¡¯t want to continue on the path of socialism.  However, Gorbachev's angry accusations and condescending attitude made many CP members very dissatisfied.  He even summoned members of the Russian Federation CP and instructed them to vote against Yeltsin.  This has prompted some people to develop a rebellious mentality. These days, Soviet publications are attacking Gorbachev with words and deeds. Regardless of whether they are false or true, in the minds of many people, Gorbachev's image is far less positive than Yeltsin's.  .

    On June 2, Yeltsin won by a slim margin of 6 votes and was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation.  This was also the first time in the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that the minority opposition within the party defeated the majority of the official mainstream faction.  After being dismissed from the position of First Secretary of the Moscow Municipal Party Committee in 1987, Yeltsin returned to the center of power.  As the chairman of the Russian Federation, Yeltsin gained greater political power and was able to pass bills and issue decrees. He could even directly resist Gorbachev's policy agenda.  The power of the central government has been severely weakened, because one Russia is equal to more than 80% or even 90% of the power of the Soviet Union, and now this power belongs to a guy who is bent on betraying the Soviet Union.  Gorbachev and other traditional forces within the party were no longer able to stop Yeltsin's plan to subvert the Soviet Union.

    In July, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held its 28th Congress, and the three political forces once again fought to the death.  At the meeting, Yeltsin proposed the theory of thorough reform: changing the name of the CPSU to the "Democratic Socialist Party", disbanding party organizations in the army and state institutions, confiscating the CPSU's property, etc.

    "The second-ranking figure in the CPSU and "conservative" representative Ligachev attacked private property and the market economy and insisted on defending Marxism-Leninism.  Ligachev also implicitly attacked Yeltsin and other radicals. He emphasized: "There are forces in the country that are opposed to the socialist system and the CP."

    Gorbachev still did not realize the problem. Instead, he wanted to continue to please both sides. In the end, he could only refuse to please both sides.

    Finally, after Gorbachev was re-elected as General Secretary, on July 2, when the conference announced that Yeltsin had been nominated as a new candidate for the Central Committee, Yeltsin walked to the podium expressionlessly, held up his representative card and read a statement:  "Given that I have been elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia and considering that the country is transitioning to a multi-party system, I must act in accordance with the will of the people. In view of this, I announce my withdrawal from the CP."

    At this moment, Gorbachev's efforts to unite the three factions in the party completely failed. Yeltsin's withdrawal also caused a large-scale withdrawal from the party across the country.  By the time the Communist Party of the Soviet Union held a Central Plenary Session in July 1991, the number of party members had dropped by 00,000, accounting for more than one-fifth of the total number of party members.

    Even Yeltsin ignored those regional separatist forces and considered them to be his allies in overthrowing the Soviet Union. Together with the radicals in the three Baltic countries, Leningrad and other big cities, they formed a political force that could compete with the Soviet Central Committee.  Under such circumstances, the future of the Soviet Union has become a mystery, but anyone with a discerning eye can see the result.
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