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Volume 4 of the Ecstasy, Chapter 19, Compilation of Wei Laws

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    Shixun believed that as long as he did two things well, he would be immortal through the ages. One was to preside over the establishment of the "Jian'an Stone Classic", and the other was to preside over the formulation of Wei laws. Huanfan deeply believed in this, but Shifu could not say anything about it.  What words come.  Shi Xun has recently focused all his energy on the establishment of Wei Lv, so he can change his name and justifiably push all Taichung affairs to Liu Xian and Zheng Hun. Anyway, if there are really important matters related to the country's major policies, the two of them would not dare to make arbitrary decisions.  , it must be Xun who makes the final decision, but after all, such things are rare. The editing team has been formed and is doing preliminary sorting and coordination work.  He originally wanted to expand his staff and organize his own team, but Cao Mao rejected it and asked him to select people from the secret and subordinate provinces to help.  Of course, secretaries and subordinates also have their own jobs. At least Cui Yan, Liu Fang and other leading officials cannot drop their work and come to help. Besides, Shi Xun is not willing to work with Ji Gui.  There aren't many options to choose from.  Shixun mainly wrote Cui and Liu, and asked more than a dozen lower-level officials to do miscellaneous tasks such as document storage and text editing. Those who really participated in the compilation of laws and regulations were the literary attendants under his sect.  The team of courtiers in the Han Dynasty was very large. Shixun himself once served as a minister, with no actual authority. He only served as an adviser to the emperor and contributed poems to whitewash peace.  In the Wei Dynasty, due to the expansion of the bureaucracy of the outer dynasty, many talents flowed from the inner court to the outer dynasty, and the number of courtiers was greatly reduced, and their grades dropped. For example, although important ministers and elders such as Jia Xu and Liu Ye had no actual subordinates, they also served as advisors to the emperor.  But he cannot be regarded as a courtier in the true sense.  It was Xun who transferred six or seven courtiers, including his old friends Wang Can and Wang Zhongxuan.  In addition, he also requested that Liu Ye be appointed as the first deputy leader of the editing team, and the second team leader asked Mao Jie and Mao Xiaoxian, who were waiting to die in Chenliu's hometown, with imperial orders.  Mao Jie was also the founding hero of Cao Wei, but later he was disgusted by Cao Cao and was dismissed from office because of Ding Yi's slander.  Shi Xun felt that this person was quite a pity. In addition, Mao Jie was honest and upright and had the ability to govern the country, so he specifically persuaded Cao Mao.  He was given the honorary title of Mao Jie's Senior Vice-President and asked him to help.  There are three main guiding principles for the system of honors and laws: First, Han laws eliminate the cumbersomeness of Qin laws.  However, it is inevitable that some wrong chapters will be deleted. In addition, as the times progress and the situation changes, the past dynasties have been forced to add many "orders" and "ke", that is, temporary regulations. The style is therefore confusing and the system is loose; today's system  Wei Lv.  It means to reorganize, classify and standardize it, and to add many new provisions in response to changes in actual conditions. For example, in recent years, commercial activities have become increasingly prosperous, and relatively detailed and clear commercial law provisions have been formulated for this purpose.  Second, Xun Xun believed that if the law was not precise, there would be loopholes, and unscrupulous people would take advantage of the loopholes. However, it was impossible to close all the loopholes by enacting laws, so he drafted a new law.  The language strives to be concise and accurate, while retaining an interface that can be expanded at any time.  At the same time, if the legal provisions are too strict, it is easy to fall into the same trap as Qin law. Therefore, public prosecutions and private prosecutions are clearly distinguished. For private prosecution cases, in line with the principle of "the people will not prosecute, the officials will not investigate", greater power will be given to the people.  of autonomy.  After all, the huge power of clans is an unavoidable practical problem. If Shixun really wants to take over the power of local clans to the official government, he will create many potential opponents for himself and the government.  He would not do such a thankless task. Even if he wanted to do it, he would have to do it step by step with gentle breeze and drizzle, moisturizing things silently.  Third, based on the Confucian principle of "benevolence".  Significantly reducing the scope of joint sitting and reducing the penalties would mean completely abolishing joint sitting. Given the current political environment, this is probably not possible.  At the same time, many inhumane corporal punishments and humiliating punishments were deleted, such as the abolition of castration.  Finally, six types of punishments were determined: death, endurance, crime, exile, redemption, and fine.  It depends on the fact that the duration of the punishment is lighter than the old Kun punishment. The Kun punishment is abolished, that is, the prisoner's beard is trimmed off, but the head is preserved.  Although Shixun likes his current image of long beard and fluttering hair.  But after all, based on the soul from the future, he has an indifferent attitude as to whether men must grow beards.  In fact, it doesn't matter if you have a head or not, but after all, the traditional concept of "the skin of the body is inherited from the parents and cannot be destroyed" is still very strong. In fact, the "" mentioned here refers to the hair rather than the head.  Second to the great humiliation of being imprisoned, Shi Xun's abolition of the convict punishment can be praised by everyone, while retaining the constraint sentence will not have a big impact on conservatives' ideas. ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? by ??Condemning someone who is a criminal.  Atonement refers to the use of property to compensate for a certain crime (different from legal fines). Some members of the group proposed "miscellaneous redemption", that is, bureaucrats and nobles can use methods such as seizing titles, being expelled, and being dismissed from office to atone for crimes without being punished.  , Shi Xun classified it as a penal punishment and set an upper limit for the crimes that could be redeemed.  Originally, miscellaneous compensation and atonement in history, ranging from the death penalty to rods and whippings, could be compensated, which meant that aristocrats, bureaucrats, and wealthy families enjoyed the legal privilege of reducing or reducing penalties for crimes. Shi Xun was firmly opposed to this.  HeIt¡¯s settled, only long-term imprisonment and crimes of less than one year can be redeemed. Death penalty and crimes of more than one year will not be exempted even if you hand over a prince.  Of course, this is a feudal society after all. If the emperor issues a pardon, for the nobles and bureaucrats, no matter how big the sin is, it will be invisible. Even Xun cannot stop this situation.  Based on what Shixun said to Cao Mao when he asked for the formulation of Wei laws in the court that day, some members of the group proposed to formally use Confucian etiquette as the guiding principle for making laws and law enforcement, and even wrote the spirit of "Spring and Autumn Judgment" into Wei laws.  It was Xun Tan's battle with the scholars, coupled with the group leader's strong suppression, that finally suppressed this unhealthy trend.  Shi Xun said: "The law is used to attract everyone, and it cannot be compromised. If it can be compromised, there will be villains who take advantage of it. The meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period is that there are many people who know it and few people who understand it deeply. If it is not Dong Zi, who can really become a Confucian scholar?  The essence of etiquette is applied to the law?" As for the "Spring and Autumn Judgment" trick he had done back then, of course he ignored it automatically. "If the law enforcement officials do not have the knowledge of Dong Zi, but are good at doing Dong Zi's things, then there is a law.  If we can't, what's the use of us imposing the rule?" "Not every law enforcement official can uphold the integrity of the people and be as knowledgeable in the essentials of Confucian classics as Dong Zhongshu. If you open this hole, no one would dare to "judge the Spring and Autumn Period".  , then aren¡¯t the legal provisions in vain?  How can the seriousness of laws and regulations exist?  ??The formulation of Wei laws is a big project. It cannot be done by a group of more than ten or twenty people working together behind closed doors. It must also listen to opinions from all sides and absorb the experience of various departments in order to be as complete and fair as possible.  As the leader of the team, Shi Xun has a heavy burden on his shoulders. So, if this matter hadn't really made him immortal, with his lazy personality, he wouldn't have jumped on it.  There is a saying in later generations called "Long live understanding", which just shows that people often lack mutual understanding, so they deliberately shouted a slogan and added the word "Long live" as a compliment, even between biological father and son.  in this way.  In some respects, Shi Fu absolutely understands his father. Whenever he seizes officials, seizes power, collects money, and gains reputation, he always supports it with both hands and feet, because these resources and results are very likely to be used in the future.  What was left to him was that it was completely difficult for him to understand some of Shi Xun's other behaviors.  Establishing the laws of Wei was a clever way to boost his reputation. If Shixun had put all his energy into this matter and thus neglected to guard against political opponents to a certain extent, and Shixun would have only complained a few words, he would have fought with Huan.  Fan worked together to help his father plug various loopholes.  However, apart from eating, sleeping, going to work to comment on certain official documents that had to be decided by him, and holding meetings to formulate Wei laws every day, Shixun still spared nearly one-fifth of his energy to pay attention to another thing, namely complex matters.  It seems pointless, just something of personal interest.  What's going on?  To put it bluntly, Xun is "doing science."  "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is an everlasting motto. Shixun tried to explain and instill this concept to scholars when he was tampering with the essentials of the classics, and finally compiled the Preliminary Introduction to Physics.  However, ideological transformation work can never be accomplished overnight, and people's thoughts always progress with the times. When productivity has not reached a certain scale and the social model has not yet risen to a certain stage, people who are willing and able to accept new ideas must  , There are always very few people with new ideas.  And even if Xun uses his fame and packages it with Confucianism to instill new concepts into the minds of some people, most of them will be young people. They will have to wait for them to grow up and pay a certain amount for this.  Even if you work hard, you still don¡¯t know how long it will be in the year of the monkey and the month of the horse.  Shi Xun couldn't wait any longer. The death of Lu Xu, an old friend and relative around him, finally made him realize the passage of time. In this era of backward medicine, he probably didn't have a long enough life to look forward to.  Therefore, many things, if we do not build prototypes with our own hands first, I am afraid that they will eventually be buried in the dust of history. People in the future can only discover from the pile of old papers: It turns out that China has already had the scientific thinking of the past, but it has never been  People have taken him seriously. Especially in this aspect, Shixun is almost unavailable.  During the Han and Wei dynasties, the Chinese, especially the ruling class, were not as resistant to technological progress as later generations. They were so complacent that they even directly denounced it as "strange and obscene skills"; but for scholar-bureaucrats, although technology was important, it was not essential.  Career is just an extra interest.  Just like the children of later generations, if they are interested in literature, art, chess, or sports, their parents will not reprimand them face to face, but the students' main job is to get into higher education, so why are you so concerned about something that won't pass the exam?  Even if children are forced to attend various interest classes or even participate in the Mathematical Olympiad competition, it is just to get extra points for the exam, rather than really wanting their children to become artists, athletes or mathematicians in the future. So if Zhuge Liang, Zhao Shuang, and Ma Jun give up  It is quite unrealistic to engage in scientific research with a hard-won official position.  But where else can we find technical talent in the field?  In desperation, Shi Xun had to roll upCome and experience it personally (To be continued.) Just click on the cloud. Come to the pavilion to get the view.¡¿Mobile users please visit http://m.piaotia.net
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