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Volume 4 of the Ecstasy, Chapter 13, Obedience to Love and Ceremony

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    King Cao Ang of Yuzhong is coming to Luoyang, and the court will inevitably stir up trouble - the key lies in the etiquette issue. What etiquette should Cao Mao use to treat Cao Ang?  On the one hand, Cao Mao is the king and Cao Ang is the minister, and they should behave as a monarch and his ministers; on the other hand, Cao Ang is a father, and Cao Mao is a son, and they should behave as a father and son.  The two originally wanted to be at odds. If you obey the etiquette of a monarch and his ministers, how can there be any reason for a father to worship his son?  If we follow the etiquette of father and son, the distinction between monarch and ministers will be chaotic This kind of thing has never happened in history. The passing of the throne to grandchildren does happen, but usually the child's father has died.  In later generations, there were cases where the father succeeded his son, but the prerequisite was that the small sect succeeded the big sect - now Cao Mao directly succeeded his grandfather, and the big sect was considered broken between Cao Cao and Cao Mao.  Without Cheng, you can't completely put Cao Ang aside.  For example, the later Song Yingzong Zhao Shu, whose real name was Zhao Zongshi, was the third son of Zhao Yun, King of Pu, and was later adopted as an adopted son by Renzong Zhao Zhen and passed on to the throne. When he ascended the throne, his biological father Zhao Zongshi was not dead yet.  The ministers discussed that Yingzong succeeded the big sect through the small sect, so his nominal father should be from his uncle Renzong and should not be King Pu.  Wang Gui and others also reported: "The previous kings were unparalleled in their respect for etiquette. If the heart of respect and love is divided between them, they cannot be dedicated to this. Therefore, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there have been emperors who have inherited the great unification from other branches.  Or he respected his parents as emperors and empresses, but they all saw that it was not the right time to discuss future generations, and the ministers did not dare to take it as the law of the Holy Dynasty." In fact, there is another important reason that has not been said, that is, King Pu is still alive.  The old rule of respecting the emperor as the emperor means that there are two emperors in the world - the old saying "there are no two days in the sky and no two kings in the country" will go bankrupt.  The current situation is even worse than that. Not only is Cao Ang still alive.  Moreover, Cao Mao did not have a nominal emperor father to respect.  So how should he treat Cao Ang?  The ministers were ordered to discuss the matter.  It was Xun Nai who said: "Xi Hong, a great scholar in the Yu Kingdom, should pay attention to him." Xi Lu was holding the title of Marquis of the Countryside and was having a leisurely meal in the capital. He was nearly seventy years old and already far away from the center of the imperial court.  Because Cui Yan was useful, Shixun thought of this senior brother again, and planned to ask him to burn the last of his light and heat to help him control Zhengmen again - I will give you more glory.  Why don't you return the favor and pass on the position of head of Zheng Xue to me?  And Xi Hongyu has always been the best at such troubling things.  Sure enough, Cao Maozhao's advisor, Xi Lu, said: "Since your Majesty has inherited the throne, the distinction between you and the monarchs and ministers in Yuzhong is clear. But what are monarchs and ministers? In the past, when King Wen visited the Taigong, he treated him like an elder; Han Gao was able to stay as a marquis, and he was his teacher  Friend, as for the regent of Zhou Gong, how dare you become a minister? The righteousness of the monarch and his ministers is to show the world and clarify the order; the etiquette of the monarch and his ministers is to unify the country and clarify the superiority and inferiority" "The ministers do not necessarily have to kowtow when they see the emperor.  .  Under certain special circumstances, it is not an exaggeration for the emperor to salute his ministers first.  The key is the relationship between father and son and the ethics of human beings. There is no reason for a father to kowtow to his son - "But since he is the most respected elder among the elders, it is appropriate to treat him as host and guest." So the final decision was made, and the edict was issued.  King Cao Ang of Yuzhong did not pay homage to his name and did not come to the palace. When they actually met, Cao Ang first avoided the banquet and bowed, saying: "Father." Cao Ang returned the salute again - it was just a long salute - and said: "Your Majesty  "In fact, Xi Xun had asked Shi Xun for his consent beforehand.  He asked Shixun: "Today, when I ask about the king of Yuzhong, should I follow etiquette or affection?" Shixun answered him: "Human ethics first, then etiquette, etiquette is created by man, not created by heaven. People should be filial first.  If the emperor is not filial, how can he expect his ministers to be loyal? "In fact, what I am thinking is: I would rather exaggerate the filial love between father and son than continue to smear the loyalty between monarch and ministers - although in the feudal era, the two were almost the same.  The existence of one and two, two and one After Xi Lu got the support of Shi Xun, he jumped up and down in the court etiquette and put forward many revision suggestions.  For example, according to ancient rituals, music and music were abolished for three years during a funeral to express mourning. However, Xi Lu said: "Rituals and music are the foundation of administration, how can they be abolished for a long time? It can be done in the seventh month." In fact, in the original history, Cao Cao  After mourning in the first month, Cao Pi resumed rituals and music in the seventh month, which was also based on the times - until the Jin Dynasty, aristocratic families were busy with affairs, and Confucian rituals gradually became rigid, and only then the legendary three-year period was restored.  What Xi Liu means: You all say that I have no ability, but after all, I am the senior brother of the Zheng clan and the head of this generation. If I don¡¯t have two brushes, can the brothers be convinced (the minority group like Cui Yan can be ignored)  ?  Now I am determined to come up with some new tricks. As long as the emperor gives permission, it will be passed down to generations. When future generations perform this etiquette, they will think of my name - how dare you look down on me!  When Cui Yan got the opportunity, he persuaded Cao Mao, saying that what Xi Hongyu did was wrong and "it's just vulgar and messy with etiquette." Cao Mao always patted him on the shoulder and said, "It's just for the time being." Because the Zheng clan, especially Xi Lu's group,  It occupies a dominant position in Confucianism. When Xi Hongyu opened his mouth, Hongfu echoed it, and then the scholars responded one after another. So I didn't dare to go against them rashly.  Let's do this firstCome on, I will think of a way later. When my position is stable, I can put things right.  Cao Mao was fifteen years old this year, which would be the so-called "middle age" in future generations. Children of this age are at the time when they are anti-traditional, seeking innovation, liking excitement, and hating the loneliness, so he intellectually agrees with what Cui Yan said.  In terms of relationships, I am still more inclined to Xi Cheng's advice.  If you don't have fun for three whole years, why don't you suffocate yourself to death?  Besides, with the gift of meeting Cao Ang, Xi Hongyu seemed to have a profound understanding of his filial piety, and he was able to make the officials agree with him, which is true for everyone in the contemporary era.  If Xi Lu had not repeatedly resigned and refused to serve as an official, Cao Mao almost wanted to appoint him as an official.  Cao Cao¡¯s funeral was completed simply but beautifully.  The shape and size of the mausoleum, tomb passages, and even coffins are related to national rituals and should not be ignored. However, the number of burial objects is smaller than that of previous emperors, in order to comply with Cao Cao's precept of frugal burial, and the items included are all old-time clothing and utensils.  , no new thing has been made.  Shi Xun, Xi Lu and others have submitted memorials. Please use this as a funeral method for your descendants, so that the trend of frugality will become fashionable and spread for eternity. Cao Mao will proceed with the memorial.  After the funeral was successfully completed, Cao Mao summoned Shi Xun and said, "I want to fine-tune my merits and reward all the ministers. What do you think?" When a new emperor ascends the throne, he usually rewards his ministers generously.  To reassure people.  To determine the court.  The most common thing in later generations is to "raise the official to the third level".  However, under the Wei-Han system, position salary and rank salary are basically the same. That is to say, no matter what errand you do or what you do, you will receive the salary of a certain official position. There is only position salary and no level salary, so it is impossible to "increase salary" casually.  "Official".  Therefore, the common methods of reward are to give money and pay homage.  However, titles should not be given indiscriminately. Granting gold is certainly beneficial, but does not show honor. Cao Mao felt dissatisfied, so he discussed with Shixun whether to reformulate and refine the method of honorary titles to give everyone more honors.  Title.  The salary is determined by the position, which is a major feature of the Han system, and its roots are in the Zhou system.  The nobility was hierarchical and feudal, and those who served as royal officials were only temporary dispatchers.  Get the salary of temporary workers - the basic salary is calculated as the output of your fiefdom.  This is very detrimental to the improvement of the bureaucracy. Even if you are a prime minister or one of the three ministers, once you leave office, except for a few exceptions, you will not get a penny anymore. Officials have no one to rely on, and they naturally want to accrue.  Therefore, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, official grades were gradually distinguished from actual dispatches, and the proportion of grade wages was newly created and increased. This grade was called casual officials, and later honorary officials were added.  Shixun himself was in favor of this change, which would help stabilize the bureaucracy. However, in later generations, more and more grades of wages and various subsidies were introduced, which caused cognitive confusion¡ª¡ªhe was in his previous life for  It takes a lot of effort to understand the official system of the past dynasties - it is not convenient to manage, and it also increases the financial burden.  Therefore, related ideas have been mentioned to Cao Cao a long time ago, and Cao Cao's corresponding strategy was to create a "honored position" system, also known as "dispersed officials".  However, the honorary system in Cao Cao's era was only in its infancy. It only had twelve levels, divided into civil and military ranks, to reward meritorious officials. In fact, it meant that the meritorious officials were allowed to stand aside with empty titles. Their honor was not lost, but their authority was transferred.  In a sense, it is just a variation of the title.  Cao Mao said that I plan to make this system more complete and complicated, and use it to give gifts to officials and stabilize people's hearts.  You are the best at this kind of trick, please come and plan it.  Shi Xun followed the order, thinking that it was an easy matter.  Disorganized officials began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, were perfected in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and became the actual grade of officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties - I added to the old structure, basically copying the Sui and Tang systems.  So we set up eighteen levels of civil and military officials.  The Wensan officials are headed by Dazai, Second Grand Tutor, and Third Grand Lieutenant, who are equal to the Duke; then they are Junior Master, Young Master, and Sikou, who are equal to Duke; Guanglu Dafu, Zizheng Dafu, and Taizhong Dafu are Bi Gong; Zhengyi Dafu  , Tongyi Dafu, Chaoyi Dafu, two thousand stones - these are old ones from Cao Cao's time.  Six levels were added under it: Chaoyilang, Chengyilang, Fengyilang, Tongzhilang, Chaoqinglang and Rulinlang, to cope with the two thousand stones and to compare the two thousand stones.  Moreover, it was stipulated that except for the initial six grades, which only granted one person, the remaining twelve grades could grant multiple persons - that is to say, if the court officials weighed more than 2,000 dan, they could each have a share, so there was no need to rob them.  As for the military attach¨¦s, in addition to the old Zhuguo, Fuguo, Huguo, Hussar General, Chariot General, Guard General, Front and rear left and right generals, Yulin General, and Champion General, Zhongwu, Zhuangwu, Yunhui, and Yijun were added.  , Xuanwei, Dingyuan six levels, slightly the same as civil service. ??????????????????????????????? When the honors were presented, Cao Mao performed them accurately, so he rewarded all the ministers greatly.  Because the original Grand Prime Minister Xun Gongda was dead, Cao De was promoted to Grand Prime Minister and Shi Xun was appointed as Grand Tutor. However, Shi Xun Jian refused to accept the offer and finally declined.  Firstly, he felt that the benefits to him would not be great if he was granted the rank of casual official, which would lead to trouble; secondly, you just wiped out my title of Taiwei a few months ago, and now you have added Taifu, thinking that in this way, the matter will be completely exposed.  Is it over?  How can it be so cheap? Thirdly, his current title is already among ministers with different surnames.Alas, it is really inconvenient to receive another honorary post.  Shixun is now the Duke of Jieyang County. This title is usually given to people with the same surname. According to the title system he established for Cao Wei, the highest title with different surnames is County Duke.  After he captured Hanzhong, Cao Cao broke the rules and rewarded each other with county officials. At that time, he explained to the ministers: "Hongfu, my family's in-laws have the same surname, and now they have achieved such great achievements, they must be surpassed - and the princes of Xia can also  Same as this example. "Actually, Cao Cao wanted to give him a big red date first, and then slap his mouth" It was because of his heart that he had surpassed me. At that time, I was so proud that I forgot to give in. Noxia had already said something wrong. Now if I add another one,  The title of Taifu is really the most important thing to be respected. I am afraid that jealous eyes, accompanied by overt and covert arrows, will appear one after another.  Anyway, I am already a "former Taiwei", and I am Zhongshu Ling, the de facto Prime Minister, and I am a Duke, so what significance does adding the title of Taifu mean?  If you resign, you will show humility to others.  (To be continued.) Mobile phone users please visit http://m.piaotia.net
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