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Volume 4 of the Ecstasy, Chapter 13, Obedience to Love and Ceremony

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    King Cao Ang of Yuzhong is coming to Luoyang, and the court will inevitably stir up trouble. The key lies in the etiquette issue. What etiquette should Cao Mao use to treat Cao Ang?  On the one hand, Cao Mao is the king and Cao Ang is the minister, and they should behave as a monarch and his ministers; on the other hand, Cao Ang is a father, and Cao Mao is a son, and they should behave as a father and son.  The two originally wanted to be at odds. If you obey the etiquette of a monarch and his ministers, how can there be any reason for a father to worship his son?  If we follow the etiquette of father and son, the distinction between monarch and ministers will be confused. This kind of thing has never happened in history. The passing of the throne to grandchildren does happen, but usually the father of the child has died.  In later generations, there are also cases where the father is succeeded by his son, but the prerequisite is that the small sect succeeds the big sect. Now Cao Mao directly succeeded his grandfather. The big sect is considered to be broken between Cao Cao and Cao Mao. There is nothing in Cao Mao.  Cheng, you can't completely put Cao Ang aside.  For example, the later Song Yingzong Zhao Shu, whose real name was Zhao Zongshi, was the third son of Zhao Yun, King of Pu, and was later adopted as an adopted son by Renzong Zhao Zhen and passed on to the throne. When he ascended the throne, his biological father Zhao Zongshi was not dead yet.  The ministers discussed that Yingzong succeeded the big sect through the small sect, so his nominal father should be from his uncle Renzong and should not be King Pu.  Wang Gui and others also reported: "The previous kings were unparalleled in their respect for etiquette. If the heart of respect and love is divided between them, they cannot be dedicated to this. Therefore, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there have been emperors who have inherited the great unification from other branches.  Or he respected his parents as emperors and empresses, but they all saw that it was not the right time to discuss future generations, and the ministers did not dare to take it as the law of the Holy Dynasty." In fact, there is another important reason that has not been said, that is, King Pu is still alive.  The old saying of "there are no two days in the sky and no two kings in the country" will go bankrupt.  The current situation is worse than that. Not only is Cao Ang still alive, but Cao Mao does not have a nominal emperor father to respect, so how should he treat Cao Ang?  The ministers discussed the matter and concluded: "Xi Hong is a great Confucian of the Yu Kingdom, and I should inquire about him." At this time, Xi Lu was holding the title of Marquis of the Countryside and was having a leisurely meal in the capital. He was nearly seventy years old and was far away from the center of the court.  Because Cui Yan is useful.  So Shixun thought of this senior brother again, and planned to ask him to burn the last of his energy and help himself to control Zhengmen. I will give you more glory, and you won't return the favor.  Do you want to pass the position of head Zheng Xue to me when the time comes?  And Xi Hongyu has always been the best at such troubling things.  Sure enough, Cao Maozhao's advisor, Xi Lu, said: "Since your majesty has inherited the throne, the distinction between you and the monarchs and ministers in Yuzhong is clear. But what are monarchs and ministers? In the past, when King Wen visited the Taigong, he treated him like an elder; Han Gao had to stay as a marquis. The teacher of Mu  Friend, as for the regent of Zhou Gong, how dare you become a king?  Under some special circumstances, it is not an exaggeration for the emperor to salute his ministers first.  The key is the relationship between father and son and the great ethics of human beings.  There is no reason for the father to kowtow to his son. "But since Yuzhong is the most respected elder, it is appropriate to treat him as host and guest." Therefore, it was finally decided to order Cao Ang, the king of Yuzhong, to pay homage without being named and not to enter the palace.  , when they actually met, Cao Mao first avoided the banquet and bowed, saying: "Father." Cao Ang returned the courtesy and only bowed and said: "Your Majesty."  Xun's agreement.  He asked Shixun: "Today, when I ask about the king of Yuzhong, should I follow etiquette or affection?" Shixun answered him: "First there are human ethics. Then there are etiquette. Etiquette is designed by man, not created by heaven. People should be filial first.  If the emperor is not filial, how can he be loyal to his ministers? "In fact, what I am thinking is: I would rather exaggerate the filial love between father and son than continue to smear the loyalty of the emperor and his ministers. Although in the feudal era, the two were almost the same.  2. The Existence of Two-in-One After Xi Lu got the support of Shi Xun, he jumped up and down in the court etiquette system and put forward many revision suggestions.  For example, according to ancient rituals.  When there is a funeral, music and music are abolished for three years to express mourning, but Xi Lu said: "Ritual and music are the basis of administration, how can they be abolished for a long time? July is enough." In fact, in the original history, Cao Cao was mourned in the first month, and Cao Pi was buried in the seventh month.  The restoration of rituals and music in Yue was also based on the times. It was not until the Jin Dynasty that aristocratic families used things, and Confucian rituals gradually became rigid, and then the legendary three-year period was restored.  What Xi Liu means: You all say that I have no ability, but after all, I am the senior brother of the Zheng clan and the head of this generation. If I don¡¯t have two brushes, can the brothers be convinced (the minority group like Cui Yan can be ignored)  ?  Now I am determined to come up with some new tricks. As long as the emperor gives permission, it will be passed down to generations. When future generations practice this etiquette, they will think of you who dare to look down on me when my name is called!  When Cui Yan got the opportunity, he persuaded Cao Mao, saying that what Xi Hongyu did was wrong and "it's just vulgar and messy with etiquette." Cao Mao always patted him on the shoulder and said, "It's just for the time being." Because the Zheng clan, especially Xi Lu's group,  It occupies a dominant position in Confucianism. When Xi Hongyu opened his mouth, Hongfu echoed it, and then the scholars responded one after another. So I didn't dare to go against them rashly.  Let's just leave it like this for now, and figure out a way later. When my position is stable, I can put things right.    Cao Mao was fifteen years old this year, which would be the so-called "middle age" in later generations. Children of this age are at the time when they are anti-traditional, seeking innovation, liking the excitement, and hating the loneliness, so he intellectually agrees with what Cui Yan said,  In fact, when it comes to relationships, I still prefer Xi Cheng's advice.  If you don't have fun for three whole years, why don't you suffocate yourself to death?  Besides, with the gift of meeting Cao Ang, Xi Hongyu seemed to have a profound understanding of his filial piety, and he was able to make the officials agree with him, which is true for everyone in the contemporary era.  If Xi Lu had not repeatedly resigned and refused to serve as an official, Cao Mao almost wanted to appoint him as an official.  Cao Cao¡¯s funeral was completed simply but beautifully.  The shape and size of the mausoleum, tomb passages, and even coffins are related to national rituals and should not be ignored. However, the number of burial objects is smaller than that of previous emperors, in order to comply with Cao Cao's precept of frugal burial, and the items included are all old-time clothing and utensils.  , no new thing has been made.  Shi Xun, Xi Lu and others have submitted memorials. Please use this as a funeral method for your descendants, so that the trend of frugality will become fashionable and spread for eternity. Cao Mao will proceed with the memorial.  After the funeral was successfully completed, Cao Mao summoned Shi Xun and said, "I want to detail his merits and reward the ministers. What do you think?" When a new emperor ascends the throne, he usually rewards the ministers generously to keep peace.  People's hearts determine the court. The most common thing in later generations is to "increase the official position to the third level".  However, when the Wei Dynasty inherited the Han system, position and salary were basically the same. That is to say, you would receive the salary of a certain official position no matter what errand you did or what you did.  There is only position salary and no level salary, so it is impossible to "increase the position" casually, so this is a common reward method.  It means giving money and paying homage.  However, titles should not be given excessively. Granting gold would be beneficial but not honorable. Cao Mao felt dissatisfied, so he discussed it with Shixun.  Otherwise, we should reformulate and refine the method of honorary service and give everyone more honorary titles.  This is a major feature of the Han system. It is rooted in the Zhou system. The nobles were feudal at different levels. Those who served as kings and officials were only temporary workers. The basic salary of temporary workers was calculated as the output of your fiefdom.  This is very unfavorable to the improvement of the bureaucracy. Even if you are a prime minister or a minister, you will leave office once, except for a few exceptions.  Even if they can't get a penny anymore, the officials are helpless and naturally want to accumulate money.  Therefore, after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, official grades were gradually distinguished from actual dispatches, and the proportion of grade wages was newly created and increased. This grade was called casual officials, and later honorary officials were added.  Shixun himself was in favor of this change, which would help stabilize the bureaucracy. However, in later generations, more and more levels of wages and various subsidies were added, which caused cognitive confusion. In his previous life, in order to understand  The official system of past dynasties.  It takes a lot of effort, is inconvenient to manage, and adds to the financial burden.  Therefore, related ideas have been mentioned to Cao Cao a long time ago, and Cao Cao's corresponding strategy was to create a "honored position" system, also known as "dispersed officials".  However, the honorary service system in Cao Cao's era was only a prototype.  There are only twelve levels, divided into civil and military ones, to reward the heroes. In fact, it means that the heroes can stand aside with empty titles. The honor is not lost, but the authority is transferred, in a sense.  It's just a variation of the title.  Cao Mao said that I plan to make this system more complete and complicated, and use it to give gifts to officials and stabilize people's hearts.  You are the best at this kind of trick, please come and plan it.  Shi Xun followed the order, thinking that it was an easy matter.  Disorganized officials began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and were perfected in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, they became the actual grades of officials. I added to the old structure, and basically copied the Sui and Tang systems.  So we set up eighteen levels of civil and military officials.  Wensanguan is the Dazai, the Second Grand Tutor, and the Third Grand Lieutenant, who are equal to the Duke; the junior masters, Shaofu, and Sikou are equal to the Duke; the Guanglu Doctor, the Assistant Doctor, and the Taizhong Doctor are the Duke; the Zhengyi Doctor,  Tongyi Dafu, Chaoyi Dafu, Zhong Erqian Shi, these are old ones from Cao Cao's time.  Six levels were added under it: Chaoyilang, Chengyilang, Fengyilang, Tongzhilang, Chaoqinglang and Rulinlang, to cope with the two thousand stones and to compare the two thousand stones.  Moreover, it was stipulated that except for the initial six classes, which only granted one person, the remaining twelve classes could appoint multiple people. In other words, if the court officials weighed more than 2,000 dan, they could each have a share, so there was no need to rob them.  As for the military attach¨¦s, in addition to the old Zhuguo, Fuguo, Huguo, Hussar General, Chariot General, Guard General, Front and rear left and right generals, Yulin General, and Champion General, Zhongwu, Zhuangwu, Yunhui, and Yijun were added.  , Xuanwei, Dingyuan six levels, slightly the same as civil service. ??????????????????????????????? When the honors were presented, Cao Mao performed them accurately, so he rewarded all the ministers greatly.  Because the original Grand Prime Minister Xun Gongda was dead, Cao De was promoted to Grand Prime Minister, and Xun Xun was appointed as Grand Tutor. However, Xun Jian refused to accept it and finally declined.  Firstly, he felt that the benefits to him would not be great if he was granted the rank of casual official, which would lead to trouble; secondly, you just wiped out my title of Taiwei a few months ago, and now you have added Taifu, thinking that in this way, the matter will be completely exposed.  Is it over?  How can it be so cheap? Thirdly, his current title is higher than that of ministers with different surnames, and it is really inconvenient for him to receive honorary titles again.  Shixun is now the Duke of Jieyang County. This title is assigned to the same surname according to his system of Cao Wei.In the country's title system, the person with the highest surname is the county official.  After he captured Hanzhong, Cao Cao broke the rules and rewarded each other with county officials. At that time, he explained to the ministers: "Hongfu, my family's in-laws have the same surname, and now they have achieved such great achievements, they must do it. The princes of Xia can do the same."  For example: "Actually, Cao Cao wanted to give him a big red date first, and then he said that he had been awarded the title. At that time, I was so proud that I forgot to give in. There were already objections in the field. Now if I add the title of Taifu,  That's really the worst thing to do. I'm afraid that jealous eyes, accompanied by overt and covert arrows, will appear one after another.  Anyway, I am already a "former Taiwei", and I am also a Zhongling, the de facto Prime Minister, and I am a Duke. How much meaning does it mean to add the title of Taifu?  If you resign, you will show humility to others.  (To be continued.) Just click on the ground and go to the cloud. Come to the pavilion to get the view.] Mobile phone users please visit http://m.piaotia.net
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