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Text Chapter 528 Black Earth

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    It turns out that the Liao Kingdom was divided into two regions, one was the farming civilization and the other was the nomadic civilization. If the two civilizations were integrated, the Liao Kingdom did a relatively good job.  And after careful analysis, Song Jiu came to a conclusion, that is, the fuzzy governance of the Liao Kingdom.  They subconsciously induced the people to settle down and farm, but they never forced them. This was the intrinsic reason for the success of the two civilizations of the Liao Kingdom.  Therefore, from Youyun to Zhongjing and Shangjing, the Liaodong area was mostly a farming civilization, but it was not entirely a farming civilization. Youzhou was almost a complete farming civilization. After reaching the mountains, some half-cultivation and half-pastoral phenomena gradually began to appear.  The further north you go, the greater the proportion of semi-pastoral people. However, after the Liao State defeated the Bohai State, it deliberately moved the people of the Bohai Sea, causing a break in civilization.  This is like the historical confrontation between the Song and Jin Dynasties. Due to the war, Jianghuai returned to the backward farming method of slash and burn farming.  Therefore, Mr. Yuan's various Jurchen civilizations became more and more backward and closed, so the farming methods became backward over time. When farming could not maintain food and clothing, and due to terrain, weather and other reasons, large-scale nomadic herding was not possible, so the Jurchens  Various tribes also learned from the Shiwei people further north, who practiced half farming, half herding and half fishing.  And the crops are a little different.  It is still a mild winter now, and the weather is relatively warm anyway, so rice can even be grown in southern Youzhou, but the yield is a bit low.  In the north, it is completely wheat, millet and beans.  Even when it comes to the Jurchens, the proportion of wheat is not large, and beans and millet are the main ones.  It wasn¡¯t until Song Jiu went to Liaodong and asked Wu Xuanming to introduce some fine spring wheat seeds from the Liao Kingdom that more and more people gradually grew wheat.  But that¡¯s not enough.  Why did the price of wheat and rice in the Song Dynasty differ more than three times?  Is pasta so unpalatable?  It¡¯s really unpalatable.  The reason is shelling technology.  Because the wheat shelling technology is not good, there is a lot of wheat bran in it.  Therefore, rice was much more expensive than wheat in the Song Dynasty.  If wheat is like this, let alone sorghum and millet.  As for beans, this problem does not exist.  Its history as food in China is even older, almost as old as sorghum. Wheat and rice only appeared later.  However, there is no need to eat soybeans every day. Even eating sweet potatoes every day will make people feel nauseous.  "However, Song Jiu has his own confidence.  That is rice.  "Thanks to the fictional novel, he accidentally saw the history of Northeast rice, that is, the cold-resistant rice seeds introduced from the Japanese country, which opened up a new world of Northeast agriculture.  I went to Liaodong before.  After returning to the Song Dynasty, Song Jiu saw and heard, and imagined various governance situations in the Northeast.  Of course, in that case, just think about it and don¡¯t say it out loud, otherwise it will make people feel ridiculous.  For example, on ethnic issues, what Song Jiu proposed was mutual kinship and integration.  Equality, respect.  The Han people are not superior, but they are not allowed to override the Han people, especially in the history of Tongzhi and rebellion.  Song Jiu also proposed that religion and national beliefs and customs can be influenced, but not insulted.  In fact, going back further, the situation of the Han people was very miserable.  They were massacred by foreigners again and again However, considering the overall situation, the history of the Han people in another time and space cannot be substituted into this moment.  It was just Song Jiu who suggested it in Zhongshu.  Zhao Heng was even asked to publicly issue dew grass to declare to the world that no matter what religion, the court can respect it, but there are a few things: first, he is not allowed to rebel, second, he is not allowed to prey on the common people, and third, he is not allowed to worship evil gods and ghosts, especially some barbarians and tribes.  Killing people to sacrifice to ghosts and gods, and fourthly, offensive doctrines, especially "holy war" and the like, were not allowed to appear in the Song Dynasty, no matter what religion they were.  ¡°Then again, if there is no violation of these four prerequisites and no violation of the laws of the Song Dynasty, if a dispute arises due to discrimination against the other party, no matter what race, the discriminator will be held accountable.  It is precisely because of this edict that the northwest is integrating rapidly, almost comparable to the speed of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.  It's just that because the imperial power of the Qinzhou people has not reached the west side and Hezhou, they still value their race (meaning to value a person's origin and his race. In the Song Dynasty, there were two races that admired the Han people and borrowed their race. One was  The second is the Japanese, the Qinzhou Fan. The main reason is that the Qinzhou Fans did not have much conflict with the Song Dynasty in history, and they have a relatively large proportion of Han people in their blood, and most of them are Han Chinese, so they are not very repellent to the Han people).  The next thing is the crop in front of us, rice from Japan.  I thought about it at the time, but rice is different from wheat and millet. It is a high-yielding crop. Song Jiu just thought about it and did not spread rice to Liaodong, fearing that it would further strengthen the Liao Kingdom.  It was not until the end of the Battle of Daling River last year that Song Jiu asked some maritime merchants to go to the Japanese country and bring many?High-quality rice seeds.  And some experienced Hebei people were hired to come over. At the same time, because many of the soldiers in the fields were from farmers and usually farmed, some experimental sites were set up in the capitals of Liaodong states, where Han people farmed, and the people of Liaodong watched and learned.  Having been in the Song Dynasty for a long time, Song Jiu sometimes automatically forgets the high productivity of his previous life.  With the fertile black soil in Liaodong and advanced farming methods, crops in almost all test sites are growing crazily, especially rice.  Song Jiu asked the clerk to carefully measure the acres of land, and then ordered harvesting.  There were many people who came to watch, including Wang Shu and officials from Dongyang Prefecture, as well as more local people.  Since this kind of rice began to bear ears, it has attracted the attention of many people.  They are all curious about its output.  It is only a test field, only two hundred acres here in Shenchen Prefecture, but there are many people harvesting, and even common people who are watching the heat come to help. The harvesting is completed on the first day, dried in the sun on the second day, and the rice is harvested on the third day.  .  Then we weighed it and found that the yield was nearly four and a half stones per acre.  "The Northeast can be determined," Wang Shu said.  This weight is not yet a standard weight. We need to continue to dry out the moisture, and we also need to lift away the barnyard grains and dust. But no matter what, we have achieved an output of three and a half stone. Of course, it is an experimental field, and the output will inevitably decrease after promotion.  However, like cotton, as it adapts to the local soil and water and further evolves, if officials take the initiative to educate everyone on seed selection, the yield will slowly increase in the future.  Think about how much land there is in the Northeast.  And most of it is fertile black soil, officials once estimated.  If all of Northeast China is developed, nearly three million hectares of high-quality farmland will be available.  Three stones per acre.  One hectare is 300 shi, and 300 hectares is 300 million shi. This output alone can support 50 million people and more than 8 million households. However, the population in the Northeast is now only 300,000, with only 300,000 households listed on the household registration.  Only half a million households.  The people regard food as their first priority. If they can eat enough, then the people.  No matter what race he comes from, who is willing to risk his life to rebel?  Song Jiu nodded. The account cannot be settled like this. Although it is black land, it must be cultivated to be considered black land. However, this yield did not disappoint him. He added: "You can inform the state governments that this kind of rice must not be eaten as food."  , but all must be preserved. When selecting seeds in the coming year, they will be soaked in concentrated salt water, and the saturated rice will be used as seeds and distributed to all the people in the Northeast.  Song Jiu suddenly added: "But if you want to exchange for this kind of rice, the people must exchange it for five pounds of beans or fifteen pounds of millet." "Isn't this necessary?" Wang Shu said.  The imperial court spent a lot of money to pacify the Liao Dynasty and govern the north, but there was no need to care about the cost of rice seeds, which might be two to three hundred thousand dan.  Calculating accounts is just Song Jiu's annual salary, how good it is to win people's hearts.  "It's not expensive enough to cherish." Song Jiu said something meaningful.  This is the human heart.  Wang Shu couldn¡¯t laugh or cry.  "This is good news. It must be reported to His Majesty." "It can be reported, but it cannot be exaggerated. Whether it can be successful will have to wait until the actual promotion next year. But some businessmen can let the news out and explain the vast territory of Northeast China to the people of the Central Plains.  The sparse population, the policy of light corvee and low income, and the yield of this kind of rice" That is immigration.  This is also necessary. The number of the first Han people in the Northeast was too small. If they didn't say they were not my race, they would have different minds. However, most of them were Bohai people and Jurchens, who had established countries one after another, which always made people a little uneasy.  Second, the Northeast is too empty, which is not good for governance.  "However, we cannot force immigrants, as that will cause a lot of public dissatisfaction. Therefore, this is a disguised encouragement policy to allow the densely populated poor people in the north to come voluntarily, thus reducing a lot of unnecessary expenses and unnecessary public dissatisfaction."  However, this memorial was written by Song Jiu himself.  The above deliberately downplayed the contribution of Japanese rice seeds. On the contrary, it mentioned that Japanese rice seeds were also introduced and improved from China.  Mainly the Japanese country.  In the Song Dynasty, the Japanese still respected China, but it was respect rather than respect. First, it had been a long time since Liu Rengui defeated the Japanese army, and second, the Song Dynasty was weak, so few envoys came to visit, and most of them were some great monks who came to visit China.  .  But as the Song Dynasty annihilated the Liao Kingdom and unified the north, it even actually controlled more area than the Tang Dynasty. After all, the Tang Dynasty only controlled the southern Liaoning area and did not control the Huntong River area, or it was Jisi. With the Song Dynasty, it was destroyed  In the Liao Kingdom, Oranggai and Hagas in the north both sent envoys to express their sincerity this year. Oranggai was in the Xiaohai (Lake Baikal) area, and Hagasi was under the jurisdiction of Liao.Farther away, west and north of the small sea, it is almost approaching the central Siberian Plateau.  So this kind of sincerity is just an illusion.  At this time, does the country have the ability to govern?  But the Song Dynasty began to have some of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty.  It can only be said that it is slightly, but still not as good as during the prosperous Tang Dynasty. At least Hehuang was in the hands of the Tibetan people, not to mention the Qinghai Lake area west of Chiling and the Southern Silk Road, not to mention the Hexi Corridor, Dali and Jiaozhi, and even Pyongyang  It was also occupied by the Koreans, who were even marching toward the northeast step by step.  In short, the restrained and pragmatic spirit of keeping the inside and being empty on the outside still occupies the mainstream thinking of the Song Dynasty.  But it is definitely different from the original Song Dynasty.  So a large number of messengers arrived.  He even learned some information from Haike and asked the Song Dynasty to send overseas students to the academy to study physical physics.  Zhao Heng actually agreed.  Song Jiu heard the news quickly and immediately wrote a memorial with only a hypothesis and a question.  With the development of physical science, ships have also begun to advance. If there is a hypothesis that a large number of Japanese people come from the sea and invade the coastal areas of Jingdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, what will happen?  Don¡¯t say it¡¯s impossible.  Today, Japan is still very poor.  ¡°In fact, the Song Dynasty was able to dump too many commodities in the past, such as cotton products, porcelain, pottery, medicinal materials, colored glaze, silk, pens, inks, paper and inkstones But the result was not what everyone imagined, resulting in a huge trade deficit.  For no other reason, the Song Dynasty could sell a lot of goods, but the money and silk from the Japanese country were traded?  It's nothing more than some precious wood, some gold and silver. It turns out that the Japanese country also had Japanese knives and Japanese fans. However, the quality of the folding fans of the Song Dynasty is still higher than that of the Japanese country, and the weapons are sharper. Besides wood, gold and silver, and a small number of slaves, what else can they have?  This kind of deficit between rich and poor can easily lead to the hypothesis of Song Jiu.  Let¡¯s talk about physics. With his fragmentary memory, Song Jiu could not remember all the knowledge of physics and chemistry. Moreover, the foundations of the two are different. He proposed it, then perfected the theory, and then the physical objects appeared. It required a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to study.  .  However, it is very fast to imitate. It is very difficult to see the same thing in kind, but how difficult can it be to learn it later?  As long as the Japanese study on a large scale, many advanced things will be copied by them within a few years.  There are almost no defenses along the coast, and the country only has a small army. A large number of forbidden troops must be stationed in the north. Otherwise, there are Goryeo in the east, Shiwei tribes in the north, and desert tribes in the west, which will easily trigger their invasion.  Troops must also be stationed in the northwest, Bashu, Hunan and Guangxi must also station troops, and the capital must be defended.  That would allow a large number of troops to be stationed along the long coastline.  This provides the conditions for invasion.  "Furthermore, blending into the sea, even Goryeo didn't want to defeat them, let alone the Japanese country on the other side of the sea.  Once the Song-Jiu Hypothesis really appears, the seaside areas of the Song Dynasty will face a major disaster, and there are many busy big cities on the seaside, such as Mizhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Mingzhou, Quanzhou, and Fuzhou, all of which are the first-class in the Song Dynasty.  city, tax center.  ¡° Then a great disaster also struck the Song Dynasty.  This memorial made Zhao Heng hesitate, so he sent an envoy to reply with a sentence: A man with a warehouse knows etiquette, and a man with enough food and clothing knows honor and disgrace.  (To be continued)
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