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Text Chapter 54 The storm is coming

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    Five days later, three large spinning wheels were placed in the machinery department workshop of Yang's Cloth Company.  The three large spinning wheels can drive 32 spindles, 64 spindles and 120 spindles respectively.  Among them, the 32-spindle large spinning wheel requires two people to operate, one of whom shakes the spinning wheel, and the other is responsible for moving the crossbar to stretch the cotton sliver; the 64-spindle one has two crossbars, which requires three people to operate, and two of them are responsible for stretching the cotton.  The 120-pin model has three horizontal bars and requires a total of 4 people to operate.  Yang Shaowen and Yuan's father and son jointly participated in the research and developed a large spinning wheel capable of cotton spinning in just a few days. They are very satisfied with the current results.  At present, the scale of 120 spindles is almost the limit of a large spinning wheel. If more spindles are added, the strength of one person is no longer enough to drive the spinning wheel.  Moreover, a large spinning wheel with 120 spindles is about 60 feet long, nearly 20 meters in length, which already takes up a lot of space. No matter how big it is, even its placement will be problematic.  Lu Tonghai was also in the factory. Looking at several well-made large cotton spinning wheels, he couldn't help but marveled: "This is the large cotton spinning wheel you developed. Although it is big, it looks quite simple. I didn't expect it to be used for spinning."  The big spinning wheel used to spin linen can be used to spin cotton with a little improvement. " He was born in Jiangnan, and he had seen manual workshops using large spinning wheels to spin linen, but he didn't know that it could also be used to spin cotton yarn!  .  He wondered: "It's just adding a crossbar, it's not complicated. Why has no one done research on this before?" Yang Shaowen replied: "It should be because there is insufficient power for development!" This big cotton spinning wheel needs  Multi-person collaboration is obviously not suitable for use with family side jobs.  The use is limited, and everyone has no intention of researching in this area.  Yuan Baoshan said: "Ordinary farmers will not use this big machine, but if Shao Wen uses it to open a manual cotton spinning workshop, there is still something to be done." "Open a manual workshop?" Lu Tonghai still doesn't know.  Yang Shaowen had this plan, "How efficient are these machines? Today's machine yarn is very cheap and the quality is much better than homespun yarn. If this big spinning wheel doesn't have some great capabilities, the manual workshop may not be profitable." "I  I have the intention to open a manual workshop. Whether it can be successful depends on the performance of these machines! Judging from the current situation, it is indeed a bit reluctant. " Of the three machines, the most efficient one is of course the 120-spindle spinning wheel.  .  It operates ten hours a day and can produce about eight pounds of yarn, an average of two pounds per person per day.  Compared with the original single-spindle hand-operated spinning wheel, the efficiency is about 8 times higher. Of course, it has made huge progress, but it is still not competitive enough in the face of machine yarn.  Current machine spinning wheels all use ring spinning technology, and their efficiency is between 30 and 50 times that of hand spinning wheels.  (Comparatively speaking, the efficiency of power weaving is about 7 or 8 times that of the original shuttle machine. In the face of competition from foreign yarn and foreign cloth, the living environment of native yarn is much more difficult, but native cloth still has the ability to fight.)  The unit price of the machine yarn currently purchased by Yang's Cloth Industry is 3.5 cents per catty.  If a large spinning wheel with 120 spindles is used, each person can create an output value of 70 yuan per day, which is 21 yuan a month.  Spinning 60 kilograms of cotton yarn every month requires about 180 kilograms of seed cotton, and the cost of cotton is 13 yuan.  The remaining 8 yuan of income must be shared with the depreciation of fixed assets such as factories and equipment, and must bear the court's taxes, fees, transportation, etc., as well as the labor costs of ginning, elasticizing, spinning and other processes.  In the end, the profit left for the factory was quite limited.  After some calculations, Yang Shaowen couldn't help but sigh: "If the products are only for local consumption, this cotton spinning manual workshop can still be opened, but it may not make much money!" The large cotton spinning wheel is already a great technological advancement.  Even it has a hard time surviving. It¡¯s no wonder that cotton spinning factories have become extinct in southern Jiangsu.  It can only be said that the competitiveness of machine yarn is too strong in front of soil yarn.  Lu Tonghai asked: "How is the quality of the yarn spun on the big spinning wheel compared to the machine yarn?" "Of course it is not as good as the yarn. At least the process of spinning the yarn on the big spinning wheel is not as meticulous as the machine yarn. The nep quality of the machine yarn is better.  Much less, and the yarn produced by roller drafting is also more uniform, but the quality is not bad compared to the original hand-spun native yarn, and there is no problem in weaving native cloth. " Lu Tonghai estimated by himself.  The results are similar.  Although the efficiency of large spinning wheels is significantly higher than that of hand spinning wheels, the profit prospects of manual workshops are not clear.  However, he looked at the prospects of cotton spinning factories from another aspect and was much more optimistic than Yang Shaowen.  "Shao Wen, have you noticed the changes in cotton and yarn market prices in recent years?" Yang Shaowen looked at him, wanting to hear his explanation.  Lu Tonghai said: "Based on my observation and judgment, the price of local cotton is declining. The price of seed cotton per quintal was more than 8 yuan a few years ago, but now it is only about 7 yuan per quintal. And I think  It will continue to decline for some time!¡± ¡°Well, your judgment is correct!¡±Shao Wen also nodded in agreement.  Nowadays, imported machine yarns are pouring in, and the future of local cotton is getting worse and worse. Lower prices are a long-term trend.  "In addition, the price of imported machine yarn has also been rising slowly in recent years. In the past few years, the price of foreign yarn entering Shanghai was as low as 17 taels per load, but this year it has risen to around 20 taels! Although I don't know  I know the reason, but this trend has existed in recent years. " Yang Shaowen couldn't help but feel a little frightened when he heard that the CIF price of foreign yarn was only 17 taels per load.  17 taels per load, which is about 23 yuan per 100 kilograms. One kilogram of machine yarn requires about 3 kilograms of seed cotton. Calculating this way, it is almost the same as the local cotton price a few years ago.  No wonder Tusha is in such a difficult situation.  "I still have to think about opening a cotton spinning factory!" Yang Shaowen did not dare to make a decision for a while.  Although there is a trend in the market that flowers are cheap and yarns are expensive, he does not dare to put all his hope in this.  In the final analysis, the profit margin of the manual cotton spinning factory was too small, which made him lack of confidence.  It would be great if there was a way to combine the model of a family side business with the model of a large handicraft factory.  It can not only absorb the advantages of flexibility and low labor costs of a family sideline business, but also have the advantages of a manual workshop that can use advanced machinery and equipment and collaborate in production.  In this way, Tusha's living environment will be much more relaxed.  Yang Shaowen did not launch the big spinning wheel rashly, and his plan for a cotton spinning manual workshop was temporarily shelved.  He needs time to find a suitable business model!  However, when a piece of news came, his efforts to find a business model could only be temporarily put aside.  The price of new homespun cloth finally couldn't withstand the sudden increase in quantity, and began to loosen. Then, it showed an avalanche.  In turn, it triggered a homespun riot throughout southern Jiangsu.  The storm that was originally predicted has finally arrived!  Although Yang Shaowen had prepared in advance, he was still cautious and did not dare to be careless in the slightest.
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