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Text 390. Printing

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    In order to transport military rations, Yuan Shao sent five thousand civilians on almost all boats and rafts to rush back to the north bank of the Yellow River. However, three days past the scheduled time, there was still no movement on the river, and not a single boat returned. €· Yuan Shao sent people across the river to urge him again, but he never returned.  Previously, Yuan Shao and Shen Pei thought that as long as they occupied Baima, the Chinese army would receive a steady stream of supplies from Yecheng and Liyang. Most of the grain that was first brought across the river was given to Yuan Xi to take to Yan County. Now Hebei suddenly disappeared.  It turned out that with so many sergeants and civilians in the Chinese army, they were depleted every day, and the remaining military rations could only last for more than ten days.  Could it be that Deng Ji made a secret alliance with Cao Cao, and Hanoi's army secretly captured Liyang?  Or maybe Pang Zhen committed suicide and sent troops to force Yecheng?  The road back was unstable. Yuan Shao, Shen Pei and others were a little panicked. They were anxious to cross the river from another place, just to understand the situation behind them. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? After being captured and exchanged in Jinyang, Yuan Shang feared that he would suffer another setback and fall out of favor. He rarely dared to speak freely on military and state affairs. Usually he was only represented by Shen Pei. At this time, the situation was unclear, so he decided to ask for help.  He said: "I beg my father to allocate thousands more troops, so that my son can return to Hebei to question Guo Tu and Jushou!" As the chief adviser, Jushou has guarded the rear for Benchu ??for several times. He has never made any mistakes and has always been trusted. If there is any problem in Yecheng,  Maybe not, Guo Tu?  Guo Tu has never been in charge of the military before. Without food delivery, Li Yang is most likely to have an accident.  Sending his son to lead an army back may indeed stabilize the rear, but Yuan Shao is already very worried about Yuan Shang commanding the army again.  He did not agree to his request, but suppressed his temper and waited for the report of the scouts who crossed the river for the second time.  And this time.  Cao Cao's entire army suddenly came out and attacked Wen Chou directly.  Wen Chou believed that he was the bravest of the three armies. In order to humiliate Cao Cao and provoke Cao Cao to fight, he stayed at the front of the army. He might as well have the tiger and leopard cavalry to attack first and break in from the front of his army.  Separate it from the back.  They were entangled again and were surrounded by Xiahou Dun and other infantry regiments.  Wen Chou led nearly a thousand eucalyptus soldiers, who were unable to get out of the conflict. Lu Qian led the archers behind and finally killed him with random arrows.  In early April, Wen Chou was killed in battle.  The bullock cart was moving slowly on the street. Although it was not bumpy, shaking was unavoidable. Cai Yan hugged Deng Zhen tightly to prevent her from walking around in the cart.  Little Dengzhen has just learned to walk not long ago.  It was a time when they refused to be quiet for a moment. The mother and daughter struggled for a long time. Deng Zhen couldn't break free, and it was useless to yell.  Then he finally resigned himself to his fate and leaned against his mother's chest without moving.  After subduing his daughter, Cai Yan took a breath and took advantage of the opportunity to lift the curtains of the car. He glanced out and quickly found the back of a man on horseback who he could not understand more and more among the black iron guards.  The car curtain was raised, which made Deng Zhen want to get out of the car.  The struggle started again. Cai Yan hurriedly lowered the curtain and leaned against the carriage to tease her daughter and distract her attention.  The team finally stopped in front of Zhen's Mansion. Deng Ji dismounted and took over the cart to hold Deng Zhen in his arms. Cai Yan also got off the car and looked up at the door of this giant merchant in Luoyang.  After a while, two brothers, Zhen Yan and Zhen Yao, who had received the news, rushed out and saluted: "I didn't know that your envoy was here, so I was late to greet you. I apologize!" Even Cai Yan didn't know why Deng Ji suddenly pulled her mother and daughter together today.  Of course, the two brothers were even more confused when they came to Zhen's Mansion as guests together.  Deng Ji laughed and said, "I have something to discuss with your mansion, so don't think it's weird to come here." Zhen Yao is only sixteen years old this year, and Zhen Yan still has the final say in everything in Zhen's mansion. Although Zhen Yan was surprised, he still acted quickly.  Deng Ji and Cai Ji greeted them at the door.  Before entering the mansion, Zhen Yao wanted to ask someone to take Cai Ji and her daughter to the backyard. Deng Ji stopped him and said, "Today's matter is related to Cai Ji. There is no need to go to the backyard." A woman discussing matters with men?  This is not the way to treat guests. Zhen Yan was a little embarrassed and asked hesitantly: "If not, would you like to invite your mother and younger sister to accompany you?"  It's really disrespectful to meet my mother. It's the right time. I'm afraid my mother will blame me for being late." Because of his young age, Zhen Yao smiled and said, "Although the envoy has not come to the house in person, he always gives gifts to my mother during the New Year.  I am always grateful, but I just regret that I have not repaid him." As he spoke, he led Deng Ji and Cai Yan, who was holding his daughter, into the living room. Zhen Yao went to the backyard to invite his mother and fifth sister to come out to entertain the guests.  There are five Zhen sisters. In addition to the eldest and second sisters, there are three more who moved to Luoyang. The third, Zhen Dao, married Xu Huang, the governor of Zhengbei, and the fourth, Zhen Rong, married a man from Luoyang last year.  The young wife is now the youngest in the family, the fifth child, who is also nineteen years old and is preparing to choose a son-in-law.  After Zhen Yao invited his mother and fifth sister, Deng Ji paid homage to Zhen's mother as a junior. He couldn't help but look at Zhen Mi who was standing next to Zhen's mother. He had never seen Zhen's married daughters.  , I wonder if this beautiful and dazzling woman in front of me has experiencedThe famous one in the world.  After chatting with Zhen's mother about some domestic matters, Deng Jicai asked Zhen Yao to call his maid to take his daughter outside to play.  Zhen Mi was worried and even more worried about Deng Ji's gaze, so she went out and stared at the maid teasing Deng Zhen.  Deng Ji came here on business today. Cai Yan chatted quietly with Zhen's mother. He said to Zhen Yan: "I think the scholars in the world are knowledgeable and seek books and literature. There is always a book that is worth a thousand gold. Books are so profitable, how can merchants do it?"  "The reason is very simple, but when Deng Ji asked, Zhen Yan still explained seriously: "Copying is time-consuming and prone to errors and omissions, so there are merchants who sell it, and most scholars think it is inferior.  "Copying books is time-consuming and labor-intensive, difficult to scale up, and prone to errors. Therefore, many scholars are unwilling to buy books sold by merchants at high prices, and merchants are unwilling to deal with this special product.  Deng Ji nodded: "That's right! But scholars all copy other people's books, where is the place? I heard that in the reign of Xi Xiping, Duke Cai, the middle minister, set up a stone in front of the gate of Taixue.  By mistake, Luoyang went to watch thousands of scholars, and the carriages and horses were jammed on the road. " Hearing Deng Ji mention the past of his late father, Cai Yan stopped talking to Zhen's mother and turned around.  When brother Zhen Yan was puzzled, Deng Ji continued: "It is difficult for scholars to find a book, because copying books is easy to make mistakes and is time-consuming, and there are no merchants to operate it. In my opinion, why not imitate seals, from small to large, and get the best results?"  Carve Wenyang characters on the wooden board, then use ink to print on the paper, and use it to make a book. If a book is completed, a thousand copies may be obtained in three to five days, and it can be sold all over the world. Wouldn't it be a great profit? " Zhen Yan and Zhen in the hall?  Yao, Zhen's mother, and Cai Yan were all stunned. Zhen Mi, who had her ears perked outside the door, was also stunned.  In fact, the printing technology has already taken its prototype in the late Han Dynasty, and at least two types of printing and rubbing appeared. There were even patterns printed on pottery as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty.  The reason why such a simple thing as woodblock printing did not officially appear until the Tang Dynasty is that paper was scarce and expensive before, and its use was not widespread.  Deng Ji had studied in history books and knew the simple principles of woodblock printing and movable type printing, but he had only kept it secret in his heart before. The first reason was that the amount of paper produced in his workshop was still limited and could not meet the needs of his rule.  , after exporting a small part, the remaining quantity is not much, and the number of books that can be printed in one batch is not large.  The words printed on woodblocks are very different from those copied. As long as others see it and think about it a little, they can understand the principle from the seal and learn it easily.  The second reason is even more unspeakable.  In his previous life, Deng Ji knew about the four great inventions of ancient China and was proud of them when he was in elementary school. But when he entered junior high school, his history teacher extinguished his sense of honor with all the criticism. There were countless ancient Chinese inventions, but these four were the only ones.  This invention is highly praised by Western countries. Gunpowder shattered the knight class, papermaking and printing facilitated the spread of new ideas, and the compass helped open up new routes. Anyway, the final conclusion is that the benefits of the four great inventions are  It did not give China, but made China fall far behind Western countries.  Affected by that teacher, Deng Jidou didn't know whether it was a good thing or a bad thing to make printing available.  Of course, what should appear will always appear, and it will not fundamentally change because of him. As long as paper is rich enough and popular, printing will definitely be invented sooner or later.  So when it was needed today, Deng Ji immediately informed others of it.  Thinking about the convenience this technology brings to scholars and the business opportunities, Zhen Yan, Cai Yan and others in the hall all showed excitement.  Deng Ji also said: "In addition to engraving, movable type can also be made. Each of the same squares is carved with a character, and the words are taken as needed to form a page. It can be dismantled after use and taken out again when needed. It should be easier to make plates."  Speaking of engraving printing, there is no need to hide movable type printing. However, what type of wood, clay, copper, or iron should be used to make movable type, and how good or bad it is is something that craftsmen will worry about in the future. Anyway, Deng Ji doesn't understand it yet.  .  Deng Ji stopped talking, and Zhen Yancai praised: "The emperor's talents can not only bring peace to the people and help the world, but also can make subtle changes, which is difficult for the world to match!" Hearing his praise, Deng Ji couldn't help but blush even though he was so thick-skinned.  It was like the feeling I had when I cheated to get full marks in the exam in my previous life and was praised by a new teacher who didn't know the truth.  After Zhen Yan finished boasting, he asked again: "If you make books and sell them according to what the envoy said, you will definitely make a big profit. How should I, Zhen, act?" Deng Jidao said: "Now I have ordered Luoyang to hire more people to expand the paper mill, and more people will be hired to expand the paper mill."  Papermaking is for future use; in order to collect commercial taxes, various regions under the rule are asking engravers to make waist badges. Regardless of other counties, I will order all the engravers in Henan County to be gathered in Luoyang. Once the engraving plates are made for printing, then they can be made.  It¡¯s not too late to get the book edition. If you get 10,000 or 20,000 books, the Zhen family will send merchants to sell them all over the world!¡± For those who have become rich, no matter how much money they have, they are just numbers.  It may become the source of disaster.  If the engraving and printing of books mentioned by Deng Ji is completed, the profit will be unimaginable, but the Zhen family is not short of money.??Don't worry about being remembered too much.  Merchants do not have a sense of security in this era. Zhen Yan thought about it and said: "The Zhen family has received great love from the envoy, but there is no way to repay it. I heard that the former levied commercial tax to replenish the insufficient funds, which shows that the government is still short of money and food. Engraving  The book was made as a policy of the envoy. When the Zhen family heard that it had already been honored, they did not dare to share the profits with them. The entire project was used to supplement the official temple treasury to thank the envoy for his kindness!" (To be continued.)
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