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Text Chapter 197: Changes in Myanmar

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    Myanmar, especially the northern Myanmar region, was almost out of control at this time. After several years of war, the British were naturally at an advantage, but they had not been able to completely eliminate the Shan and Kachin armed forces, so they had to fight with these two  Negotiations were held between the two ethnic groups, but before the negotiations yielded any results, something happened in China, so the British transferred half of their troops from Burma to China.  Since the British deployed half of their troops, their control of northern Myanmar has become somewhat stretched.  At that time, the British may have considered that the China campaign would not take long and they could quickly transfer their troops back to Burma. However, they did not expect that their troops were almost completely wiped out in China, except for one division of 10,000 troops left in Shanghai.  The others are either dead or working as captive coolies building roads in Hunan.  We have seen the current situation. After seeing the withdrawal of British troops, the two ethnic groups, especially the Shan people, very much hope to continue their efforts and become completely independent. However, the federal province has been suppressing the Shan State and does not support their immediate action.  But when the news of the British's failure in China spread, it became somewhat impossible to suppress it.  Shan State sent representatives to Yunnan to lobby.  But without the support of the federal province, the Shan people would not dare to take action. The reason is very simple. If there is a big operation, they will not be able to move forward without the support of weapons and ammunition from the federal province.  This is also the reason why the federal province can suppress Shan State.  But this kind of suppression has increasingly dissatisfied the Shan State.  At this time, Myanmar was basically controlled by three forces. The British occupied most of Myanmar. Basically, the places where the largest ethnic group, the Bamar, were located were the territory of the British. On the contrary, the Burmese were weaker and lived in poor mountains and harsh rivers.  The Shan and Kachin people in the northern region were relatively independent.  Of course, due to the culture of the supremacy of force in Eastern society, the armed forces of the Kachin and Shan people are basically warlord troops, and there are many warlord troops, large and small.  Among them, the Shan people are divided into more than a dozen troops, the largest of which is Yan Ying's Shan Independent Army, a force that originally developed from a small border village close to China.  Due to the sudden rise of Yanying.  Sweeping across the Myanmar border, other chieftain armed forces were frightened and they united to defend themselves and formed a force called the Shan State Free Army.  These two forces currently basically divide the territory of Shan State.  Needless to say, the Kachin people basically do not have a single dominant force, but because of this, they were able to unite as one under the pressure of the British.  Instead, it gave the British the biggest headache.  For the federal province, the Kachin forces are too scattered and difficult to control, but the Shan State forces are a good card.  To play the Shan State card, it is natural to play the largest Yanying force. Yanying¡¯s independent army controls the area from Shweli River in the north to the upper reaches of the Salween River in the south.  The Nanlei River Basin under the influence of Meng Liang completely included the areas bordering Shan State and China.  It is precisely because of this geographical advantage that Yanying can more easily obtain weapons and equipment from China, and can have an absolute advantage in the battle with other chieftains. He can sweep away the chieftains on the Burmese border and unify the entire northern Shan State.  But what really made the federal provinces lean towards Yanying was Yanying¡¯s attitude.  Since he took control of northern Myanmar.  With a very friendly attitude towards the Chinese, Ma Baozhong bought a large amount of land in his territory. On both sides of the Ruili River, the Nanlei River and the Salween River, a total of more than 200,000 acres of fertile land was opened up. Not only did Ma Baozhong  He became a major customer of COFCO and a member of the Yunnan Farmers Association.  Of course, in addition to Ma Baozhong, there are more farmers opening up land on the Myanmar border.  According to statistics, it has reached one million acres, and the number is still increasing.  Of course, Chinese farmers also need to pay taxes to Yanying, the great Shan warlord. I dare not say more, but the grains handed over are enough to serve as his military rations. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? The British have long seen this large-scale reclamation of wasteland in the eyes of the British, who think it¡¯s Chinese colonization.  However, in the face of the situation in northern Myanmar that has lost control, they can only swallow their bitterness. If it really makes trouble in the international community, the only loss is their face.  The British will never admit that Myanmar is out of control.  But the British are very resentful towards China, especially the regime of the United Provinces close to Myanmar. There is no guarantee that such a quarrel with the United Provinces this time is not due to this reason.  Yanying not only allowed Chinese farmers to go to Shan State to reclaim land, but also supported trade.  In the past, most of the goods in their village were transported from China by caravans, so Yanying did not object to this.  Moreover, for him, he can also get some tax revenue from doing business.  Since the rise of Yanying, China's influence has greatly increased in Myanmar, especially in northern Shan State, so the federal province has always had a friendly attitude towards this Shan warlord and sold him a large amount of arms.  After learning that Wang Chongyang was putting pressure on the British, Zhao Zeyong immediately asked someone to send a message to Yanying's representative, telling him that Yunnan's arms sales could be liberalized to them.  Not only selling rifles, but also heavy machine guns, mortars, and even heavy artillery, as long as he can afford it.  ?However, there is a requirement that the Shan State must capture Lashio within ten days.  Lashio is an important town in Shan State and one of the few Shan cities still controlled by the British.  This place is located between the Ruili River and the Salween River. It can be said to be a nail wedged into the Yanying territory. However, because Lashio has a train connected to the Myanmar railway network, the British stationed a brigade of soldiers here, resulting in  Yanying has never dared to attack here.  "Ten days! This is impossible." After hearing the request from the representatives of the United Provinces, Yanlong, who had been trying every means to get in touch with the senior officials of the United Provinces in the past few days, resolutely denied the suggestions and requirements of the United Provinces.  "Why? There is only one brigade of British troops here, and I'm afraid they are still troops with low morale." A young man in civilian clothes said.  Although he was wearing casual clothes, it was not difficult to tell from his temperament and behavior that he should be a soldier, not on active duty, and someone who had a long military career.  Yanlong explained: "The British have built the railway to Lashio for more than ten years. Relying on railway transportation, they have built strong fortifications here. Lashio is basically a fortress. To attack such a city, we  We don¡¯t have experience, and we can¡¯t do it without artillery.¡± ¡°You¡¯ll have artillery soon, won¡¯t you?¡± ¡°What can we do with artillery? We don¡¯t know how to use it yet. Maybe we¡¯ll have to wait a few months until our soldiers learn how to use it.  We need to use new weapons before we can attack Lashio. " "Huh, it's you who want to fight, but now you are allowed to fight, but you don't dare. Do you Shan people only know how to talk about independence?  "What are you talking about about founding a country?" Faced with the disdainful attitude of the Chinese military officers, Yanlong was a little embarrassed.  In fact, Yanlong is a Chinese, and he is also a Shan. Of course, he has another ethnic name in China.  While Yanlong recognized himself as a Chinese, he also recognized that he was a Shan, so he could not shirk the accusations from the federal provincial officers.  "We are a small nation, and most of our people are not yet civilized. It is difficult to pick out one literate person out of a hundred. But our national dignity does not allow to be insulted. I will go back to express your attitude, La  We will fight. Just wait and see." Yanlong's shame turned into anger.  "Haha, you misunderstood. We have always regarded the Shan people as brotherly nations, without distinction between each other. If the British had not forcibly separated the border between Myanmar and China, we would still be like a family, and you would come and go.  "It's like visiting. " Yanlong's mood stabilized a little. The officer was right, wasn't it like this in the past? He used to hear old stories from his elders. His mother was directly from Yanying's village, and it was his father who used two  The barrel of wine was exchanged for home.  At that time, communication between the two countries.  There are no restrictions at all. All ethnic groups live across borders, and there is no concept of country in their hearts, only a vague concept of nationality. If you insist on explaining the country, many people will think that they may be Chinese.  "But you are right, we Shan people can't always fight small things. If we want to fight, we can fight big ones. If we don't let the British see our strength, they will not accept our independence." Yanlong was sad.  said.  Behind his words are probably the countless casualties of a nation, all for the sake of dignity.  The officer nodded: "Actually, we have already considered your difficulties. We will let the Shan people see that only the Chinese are their true friends. In fact, I have got the permission of the governor to come to meet you this time. Not only will we  I will sell you cannons and support you with skilled artillerymen from an artillery regiment, and they will fight with you until victory." Yanlong was stunned by the officer's words, and suddenly felt extremely excited. If this was the case, it would still be difficult to fight Lashio.  .  He knew that the artillery of the Federal Provincial Army was powerful.  Even British warships are not afraid. Under the muzzle of the joint provincial artillery, even the British navy will flee in panic, and even a mere Lashio can't be captured easily.  According to what Yanying revealed to him, when they become powerful, they will attack big cities like Lashio and then build a capital.  If they are the first Shan people to build a capital, they will own the entire Shan country in the future.  I have to say that Yanying's political wisdom is still very high. After growing up with him over the years, he has become more and more admired and willing to work with him to do great things.  Soon the officers and Yanlong negotiated some agreements. The United Provinces sold 300 mortars, one hundred 75-caliber guns, and thirty 155-caliber howitzers to Yanying's independent army, and the United Provinces promised to help Yanying.  British artillery training.  At the same time, a fully-organized artillery regiment was sent free of charge, carrying the standard artillery of the federal province, to fight in Myanmar.  However, this unit can only use the banner of the Shan State Independence Army. Once the Lashio battle is over, this unit will decide whether to stay and continue fighting depending on the situation. If this unit returns to the country, Myanmar will buy all their equipment.  After ending the contact with the Shan State, the officer immediately reported to ZhaoCome back bravely.  "Jiaying, I'm going to have to work hard for you this time." The officer's name is Li Jiaying. He is the artillery officer who fired the first shot to kill the British warship in the Three Gorges. He is an artillery expert who graduated from the French Artillery School.  This time he will lead an artillery regiment into Burma to assist Yanying, the support target of the United Provinces, in launching an attack on the British.  "Thank you for your concern, Army Governor. Jiaying will do his best." Zhao Zeyong warned: "Well, but this matter is very important, so it is better to be cautious. If you want to fight, you must win. It is best not to leave any excuse for the British.  , so your identities still need to be kept secret. Although we don¡¯t have to be afraid of the British now, it¡¯s always better to have less trouble.¡± Li Jiaying nodded.  Zhao Zeyong waved his hand: "Okay, go ahead, prepare early, leave early and come back early." "Yes!" Myanmar was suddenly in chaos.  With the help of the simple mountain roads built by Ma Baozhong in order to transport grain and merchants to sell goods in the past few years, it took seven days for the artillery of the United Provincial Army to arrive in Lashio, while Yanying's army had been besieging the place for three days.  However, being surrounded by Yanying's troops, the British did not panic. They had information about their city defense and did not believe that these monkeys in the jungle could eat them with their mouths.  But when they were bombarded by intensive artillery fire, they were stunned.  Then under the cover of artillery fire, the Shan army rushed forward without fear of death, poured into Lashio City through the gap opened by the artillery, and then started a more intense firefight with the British.  The Shan people are brave and unafraid of death, but their military quality is really not high. They rely solely on their passion and were killed a lot by British machine gun fire.  But after a bloody battle, the Shan finally occupied Lashio, and the red-eyed officers directly ordered the massacre of Lashio. Not a single British person survived.  The news of Yanying's capture of Lashio shocked the whole of Myanmar. The Shan Free Army, which had been cooperating with him but also wary of him, and even wary of a larger component, immediately decided to launch an attack on Taunggyi, another big city in Shan State.  The state, that is, Lashio and Taunggyi, can be considered cities. Now the Independence Army has contributed to Lashio. If they cannot capture Taunggyi, which is within their sphere of influence, the Shan State will undoubtedly have to listen to the Independence Army Yanying in the future.  .  At the same time, the Kachin people were also shocked. They had been negotiating with the British army and did not ask for much. They just wanted the British to withdraw from their land, and they did not even want to ask for an independent country. However, the British have always wanted  I don¡¯t agree, but the Kachin people are afraid of the British¡¯s force and don¡¯t want to continue fighting.  Now the Shan's offensive has ignited the passion in their hearts. Since the Shan can capture Lashio, which is connected by railways and heavily guarded by troops, why can't the Kachin capture their own city of Myitkyina?  The Chin people had chosen the site for their future capital.  On the British side, they accepted the request of the United Provinces, lifted the blockade on the coast of the United Provinces on their own, and then began negotiations with the United Provinces.  Zhao Zeyong felt that the matter was a bit big.  He knew that if he sent troops to Burma, it would not be difficult for the Shan people to capture Lashio. It would indeed shock the British and force them to consider compromising with the United Provinces as soon as possible.  But what Zhao Zeyong didn't expect was that the Shan people massacred thousands of British soldiers and a similar number of British civilians.  Things are getting serious now. The British Labor government doesn't want to fight anymore, but it may have to fight.  (To be continued. 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