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Volume 8 From the Mediterranean to... Chapter 87 Warsaw Coup and Polish Reform...

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    Please vote, brothers, hehe, thank you for your support!  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ¡°Why not implement a cheap and quick land revolution, but waste money and people on land?  "Redemption?" This question is not only the source of complaints among activists, but also the doubts in the minds of some Catalan military officers.  In this regard, in addition to the official opinions publicly expressed by Spilanski, Desai's own reply repeatedly emphasized that due to the different national conditions of Poland and Catalonia, the methods, methods and means are also different.  In 1810, before Desaix conquered Catalonia, the French army, which liked to export revolutionary ideas and plunder wealth, had already used bloody and brutal war methods in the region two years in advance to ruthlessly sweep away the feudal feudal towns and villages.  lord.  Most of the landowners were either massacred during the rebellion or had to move their families into exile.  As a result, the new rulers were left with a large amount of land resources that were sufficient and available for distribution, which in turn allowed farmers with no or little land to benefit from them.  Poland is different. Even after the country's demise and being annexed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria for many years, Polish serf owners still occupy most of the land resources. The old production relations still continue to this day, and the relationship between serfs and lords has not changed at all.  In 1807, after the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, most of the Polish territory occupied by Prussia and Austria was forced to be returned to Warsaw. In order to please his staunch allies, the conservative nobles of Poland, Napoleon handed over these lands to the Warsaw Parliament.  The low-cost treatment (but the cost of the war had to be paid) led to the rise of a wave of land annexation by rural nobles across Poland.  Travelers remember very clearly that on November 29, 1830, the real cause of the so-called "November Revolution" that broke out in Poland against Russian rule was that the traditional nobles of Poland heard news from St. Petersburg that the Russian Czar Nicholas  In order to quell the dissatisfaction of the Russian Revolutionary Party, I decided to implement pilot reforms to liberate serfdom in Poland In short, the war on the Iberian Peninsula destroyed the superstructure and ruling foundation of Catalonia.  This allowed Desai to have sufficient resources to use to win over people's hearts. In Poland, the demise of the country and the occupation of aliens did not damage the production relations and land resources here at all. The status of serf owners and nobles in the country's political life remained the same.  The past.  Therefore, Desai has always been inclined to Speransky's redemption policy in dealing with the land issue. While resolutely suppressing uncooperative rural landowners and conservative nobles, he also opposed any form of violent revolution with bloody means-  Life.  In addition, there is a more critical reason, which is Desai himself. This Polish king is also a large land owner. He can be said to be the largest serf owner in Poland and even Europe.  In the Danzig Corridor alone, he had more than 200,000 black employees who were like serfs.  Supporting the so-called agrarian revolution is simply setting yourself up for trouble, and Desai will naturally not do anything stupid.  If Desai is not a time traveler who knows the historical process; if he does not have huge funds and steel industry to support him; if the serfs under his banner are just black people that white people have never cared about, perhaps Desai's political stance will definitely support the traditional aristocracy.  As for the method of redeeming the land of serf owners, the result of the discussion between Desai and Speransky was that cash and bonds should be combined, usually in a ratio of 3:7.  In this way, the use of reserve funds can be significantly reduced.  Although Desai currently holds an astonishing amount of negotiable national wealth, this money must not only be used to redeem the land of serf owners, but also to meet long-term war expenses, as well as the upfront investment in coal, steel, arms and equipment that must be borne by the state.  Transportation and other heavy industries.  In order to get landowners to actively accept share compensation, Desai agreed to sell the shares or bonds of wealthy copper and iron ore bases, as well as factories that were or were about to produce economic benefits, to rural nobles and rural nobles at a discount.  Serf owners, during this period, the "Agricultural Committee" even gave away some small processing factories directly to the serf owners, just to turn land farmers into free laborers.  However, this method only satisfies less than one-third of the landowners. Most of them are liberal aristocrats with open minds, broad vision, and industrial influence. They also have the determination and perseverance to join the industrial industry.  For those serf owners who still have an incomparable attachment and extreme dependence on the land, Desai instructed Speransky to issue land bonds and use the fertile land in Silesia owned by the government and the Danzig Corridor exclusive to the monarch as 5  Year or 10-year mortgage.  If the bond holder is still unwilling to accept cash or other forms of compensation from the government when it expires, he can obtain the amount of land specified on the bond in the above two places, and of course the government will also compensate part of the interest.  Thanks to the experience of industrial industry that Detai's hard work in Catalonia, so less 5.? In 10 years at most, a modern industrial system will be initially established throughout Poland.  Only then will these serf owners truly realize that the profit output value of factories with roaring machines and black smoke is far higher than the value of land production by several times, ten times, or even dozens of times!  However, the above two methods still cannot eliminate the complaints of the stubborn landowners, but as long as they do not openly resist armed resistance and support the country's foreign wars, Desai will usually grant a certain degree of tolerance.  After 1813, Speranski, who had already served as the cabinet minister of state, officially announced the "Homestead Exchange Law", announcing that landowners in Poland could exchange land on the east bank of the Oder River in accordance with a 1:5 or 1:10 transaction.  , East Prussia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, that is, the Prussian and Russian territories occupied by the Polish army, in exchange for a large area of ??land.  In addition, these lands were not wasteland, but mature lands that had been cultivated for many years and were confiscated from the fleeing foreign nobles.  Of course, the "Homestead Law" also applies to Polish civilians or other immigrants, but the land they receive is often mostly forests, swamps, salt-alkali lands, and barren hills, and it takes many years of hard work to mature.  The state also provides them with small loan assistance of 3 to 5 years to help them get through the most difficult period of their lives.  ¡°It is impossible for all reform measures to be perfect and satisfy everyone. The same was true for the land reform of 1812 led by Speransky, during which various riots occurred frequently.  Fortunately, Desai had made careful arrangements in advance, and these riots were resolutely, decisively and quickly suppressed by the well-prepared secret police, military police and the army, without causing much turmoil to the country.  In 1813, when Poland and Russia fought the final decisive battle, national justice finally defeated all kinds of dissatisfaction Another factor in the success of the 1812 reform was the European Jewish consortium headed by the Rothschild family.  With their full support, they provided a total of huge funds worth 5 billion francs.  In return, after the war situation with Russia became relatively stable, Desai immediately issued an edict to promulgate the "Jewish Act", officially granting the more than 300,000 Jews in the territory the legal rights of national citizens, respecting and granting Jewish rights in religion, life and work.  freedoms, including setting up new factories and enterprises, establishing Jewish communities, setting up Jewish schools and synagogues, etc.  However, before 1820, Jewish citizens could only get the right to vote, not the right to stand for election.
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