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Text Chapter 568 Airspace Management

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    There are approximately 68,300 general aviation aircraft registered in the Kingdom of New Zealand.  About 56% of general aviation aircraft are privately owned, of which about 12,000 are used by individuals for commercial flights, 3,200 are used by companies for their own business flights, and there are about 10,000 general aviation aircraft used by companies.  Engage in non-commercial activities of a social welfare nature.  Previously, due to the war, the former Ministry of Defense and the current Ministry of Defense directly issued a comprehensive ban on flying these aircraft, and all of them were forced to ground their flights.  As citizens of a province that has just become a defeated country or is still at war, they can still understand it.  After all, no one knows what your plane is going to do after it takes off until it stabilizes. What if you carry a large amount of explosives and then throw them on the heads of the soldiers?  Another is that these aircraft are not equipped with the identification friend or foe system authorized by the Ministry of Defense. Even if they are allowed to fly, they would not dare to fly. If the automatic missile defense system recognizes them as missiles and directly destroys them with missiles, they will not even dodge.  There is no chance, but the world knows the terrifying speed of Feiyu Star.  Fortunately, this work is being carried out across the country. Several provinces in Australia are almost finished. Alaska, which has the most planes, is also nearly halfway through. Only Hawaii has just started.  The number of pilots registered with the Royal Government really makes the Ministry of Defense happy. There are nearly 140,000 pilots, including about 117,000 general aviation pilots, and the vast majority are in service.  With the release of the right to use low-altitude airspace, the construction of airports must also keep up.  At this point, I have to say that the United States, Australia, and New Zealand were indeed much more open than other countries, especially Asian countries.  Alaska is probably the region with the most developed general aviation in the Kingdom.  Previously, the number of people carried by commercial flights each year was four times the total population of the province.  Due to the inconvenient land and water transportation here and the high construction costs, self-driving flights have become the main way for people to travel in the area, and even fishing and other leisure activities are mainly based on flying.  Alaska has 31,700 registered aircraft, 73,000 registered pilots, 587 land airports, 83 helicopter airports, and 840 recorded takeoff and landing sites.  In addition, there are thousands of lakes that provide water for planes to take off and land.  Even though there are thousands of airports of various sizes, the number of airports under construction in Alaska still reaches 56.  Therefore, as the person in charge of civil aviation affairs in the Kingdom, the Civil Aviation Administration of China is under the Ministry of Transport.  At the beginning of the planning, it was required that all lower-level administrative agencies across the country be required to have an airport. Each provincial government must have a 4f-level airport capable of taking off and landing ultra-large passenger aircraft and transport aircraft. The airports in sub-regions must not be smaller than 4d-level airports.  The rest will be designed and built with a slightly forward-thinking approach based on local conditions.  There are preliminary plans to build thousands of new airports and thousands more to be renovated and expanded. This investment alone will cost hundreds of billions of Singapore dollars.  I have to say the charm and courage of the Department of Transportation.  What moved Minister of Transportation Cui Zhiyuan even more was his bold plan.  After many submissions, when it was finally delivered to Ji Feng, Ji Feng actually approved it.  Originally, this was not within the scope of Ji Feng's authority, but the State Council was newly established, and if there were some things that were hard to make a decision on, they would come over to ask Ji Feng's opinion, so Ji Feng still made decisions on some things.  ¡°In the future, for citizens of the Kingdom of New Zealand, the right to fly an airplane will be almost the same as the right to drive a car.  Citizens have the right to use any civil airport.  And service is provided on a first-come, first-served basis.  The passage of the "Civil Air Traffic Act in the Kingdom of New Zealand" may be a bit far away for countless ordinary citizens of the Kingdom.  But for many citizens who love flying, it is an absolute joy.  The airspace management of the future kingdom is relatively loose, which has been revealed through the air traffic bill.  To put it simply, in most of the Kingdom of New Zealand, as long as there is an aeronautical radio station registered by the Ministry of Defense, you can fly freely below an altitude of 3,000 meters; and only one more c station registered and authorized by the Ministry of National Defense is installed.  With a pattern transponder (priced at about S$3,500), the altitude limit can be raised to 5,400 meters above sea level; as for altitudes below 200-360 meters (really high), there is no need to even have a radio station.  In some controlled airspace, visual flight rules aircraft can also enter, but the conditions and procedures are more complicated.  The airspace division of the Kingdom of New Zealand will adopt the internationally accepted airspace system, naming Class A, B, C, D, E and G airspace.  Category A is an absolute control area, spanning the entire Kingdom of New Zealand, with altitudes from 18,000 feet to 60,000 feet. Air traffic controllers are responsible for the separation between all flights.  This airspace is an airspace that only allows flights according to instrument flight rules. Ordinary small aircraft cannot fly in this airspace because there is no sealed pressurization equipment, and the cold and lack of oxygen can be fatal.  Only ifr flights are allowed in this airspaceAll aircraft are equipped with flight intervals, provide ATC services, and require two-way ground-to-air communications. ATC permission is required for aircraft to enter the airspace.  Class B is a terminal control area, which is generally established near busy airports. It is an airspace from the ground to a maximum of 8,000 feet. It is shaped like an inverted pyramid. This type of airspace is the airspace surrounding the busiest airports.  IFR operations and aircraft are based on passenger missions.  When flying in this controlled airspace, there must be corresponding airborne equipment, such as secondary radar transponders, so that the control department can determine the pilot's altitude and position on the radar; there must also be corresponding radio equipment to maintain continuous two-way communication.  Permission to enter such airspace must also be obtained in advance.  This type of airspace is not accessible to ordinary people.  Category c is an airport radar service area, generally established at medium-sized airports, from the ground or from a certain height to 4,000 feet above the ground. This area generally consists of two parts, namely the inner ring (radius 5 nautical miles) and the outer ring (radius 10 nautical miles,  lower limit 1200 feet).  Pilots must maintain communication with controllers, aircraft have transponders, and separation is provided depending on the type of flight.  Category d is a controlled zone, generally established at airports with control towers.  The airspace with a radius of 5 nautical miles from the ground to the lower control limit of such airspace. This airspace includes the "airport traffic control area" other than the above, that is, the airport area with a tower.  This type of airspace corresponds to airports that are not too large or busy, and have traffic volumes comparable to Category C.  Category e is the transition zone, and category g is uncontrolled airspace, generally referring to airspace below 1,200 feet.  Flight safety is the responsibility of the pilot himself.  All uncontrolled airspace from the surface to 700 feet or 1,200 feet and does not belong to Class A, B, C, D, or E airspace is Class G airspace.  Airports without a tower are part of Class G airspace.  Of course, the Kingdom also has other types of airspace: special purpose airspace, restricted areas, restricted areas and military operations areas.  in.  Restricted areas refer to places that cannot be flown into within a specified period of time, such as shooting areas and sensitive government areas (the State Council and specific government agencies, the Capitol Building, etc.). There are very few such areas.  It is marked on aviation charts; a restricted area is the airspace that pilots cannot enter at a specific time and at a specific altitude.  For example, airspace designated for military aviation exercises, parachuting, shooting and other activities.  The Air Traffic Act of the Kingdom of New Zealand better reflects the principle that "airspace is a national resource and every citizen has the right to use airspace." It finds a balance between safety and efficiency and creates loose conditions for visual flight.  Airspace conditions have greatly promoted the development of general aviation.  It can be said that after the air traffic bill is passed now, the Kingdom of New Zealand will become the most superior country in the world with a vast and relaxed visual flight environment, and people can travel like self-driving cars.  Fly from Alaska to Sydney and from Auckland to Jeju Island.  Fly from Hawaii to Socotra without asking anyone for permission or speaking to anyone.  You can land at any civil airport to refuel and rest midway.  Compared with air traffic, ground traffic will also be greatly improved because the new road traffic safety law has no speed limit on all highways across the country. You can run 100 kilometers as long as you want and the road permits.  hour, you can also run at 300 kilometers per hour, provided that your car must be powerful.  However, urban roads and non-expressways are not included in this scope. Speed ??limits are set based on actual local conditions. However, citizens do not need to worry about being unable to run. Even on ordinary suburban roads, the speed limit will be 100 km/h.  kilometers or more, of course the speed limit will be reduced in areas with poor visibility.  With the end of the two-day session of Congress, various bills covering the whole country and closely related to almost every citizen have been finalized. The vast majority of citizens are happy to see the results. After all, legally speaking  Everyone's interests are protected.  Tens of thousands of citizens and institutions who own their own aircraft finally breathed a sigh of relief. Previously, they were really worried that the country would ban the use of general airspace. Although this worry seemed a bit unnecessary, everything was done before the bill was finally passed.  Can't count.  Moreover, after the bill was passed, the Civil Aviation Administration published on the government website a list of the first batch of aircraft allowed to take off no later than one week later.  "Compared with the happy citizens of the Kingdom of New Zealand, people from other countries who are paying attention to the New Zealand Congress are somewhat unhappy.  Welfare is good, and medical care and education are free. Even in the country where I live, seeing a doctor is like killing the whole family. The whole family mobilizes for the children to go to school.  After the salary is converted, it is much higher than that in the home country. Even if you are a college student who has just entered school, you can easily buy your first car. Just look at the traffic flow to and from school at Jeju University every day. Countless happy college students do not like it.  Instead of taking public transportation and living in dormitories, people just drive out and rent a house. The rent is even so cheap that it makes citizens of other countries feel ashamed.  ? ???With the envy of citizens of many countries, a large number of immigration applications have flooded into the immigration application website of the New Zealand Immigration Bureau. Although many people know that they may not meet the conditions, there are still people in this world who want to give it a try.  There are so many people who don't give up their ideas, which invisibly increases the workload of the immigration officials.  Sooner or later, the end will come to an end. Congress has become a thing of the past. On the 19th day of the first lunar month, the day after Valentine¡¯s Day, the heads of five countries were welcomed at the Kota Kinabalu International Airport. They came together to visit Ji Feng. As for  The reason is naturally the alien space battleship over North America that scares the whole world.  (To be continued)
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