Yingchen was originally the capital of the Chen State, and was called Chen County after it was destroyed by the Chu State. In 278 BC (the 29th year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin), the famous Qin general Bai Qi captured Ying, the capital of Chu (today's Jingzhou City, Hubei Province), and set up Nanjun there. King Qingxiang of Chu was forced to move the capital to Chen County, so it was also It's called Ying Chen. Since the west of Yingchen is connected to the Korean border, once there is a dispute between Yingchen and Chen, it will often affect the three kingdoms of Qin, Han and Chu.
Although the land of Ying and Chen was eventually occupied by the Qin State, the Chu people's influence was not eliminated. Instead, it became a hotbed for the Chu people to rebel against Qin. From Qin's battle to destroy Chu to Chen Sheng's uprising, there were almost no important events in the Chu people's rebellion against Qin. All related to the land of Yingchen. Therefore, Yingzheng had a profound political intention in demoting Lord Changping to Yingchen.
Because Lord Changping had been with the Qin Dynasty for a long time and helped quell the Lao Ai rebellion, and he had no contact with his home country of Chu, he gained the trust of Ying Zheng. The ostensible reason for Lord Changping to move to Yingchen was to supervise Han Wang'an, but in fact, Ying Zheng hoped to use Lord Changping's status as the son of Chu State to appease the Chu people in the Yingchen area and prepare for the destruction of Chu.
In 225 BC (the 22nd year of the Qin Dynasty), Ying Zheng sent Li Xin, Meng Wu and other generals to attack the Chu State with 200,000 troops. They went southeast deep into the hinterland of the Chu State and attacked Pingyu (southeast of today's Runan County, Henan Province) and He defeated the Chu army in Qi (now Linquan County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province) and directed his troops towards Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), the capital of the Chu state. However, at this time, Changping Jun rebelled against Qin and returned to Chu according to Yingchen, cutting off the south. The Chu people of Yingchen and Chu responded to the Qin army's retreat, and the Korean survivors in Yingchuan County also rebelled after hearing the news. The Qin army was in a critical situation.
Li Xin's Chu-conquering army immediately led troops west to capture Yanying (ie Yingchen), and then received news of the emergency in Yingchuan County's father city (now Baofeng County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province), so Li Xin and Meng Wu met to meet their masters. City to quell the rebellion of the Koreans.
Although Changpingjun's rebels failed to defend Yingchen, their strength was not lost. They pursued the Qin army closely. He didn't rest for three days and nights. As a result, he and the Korean rebels defeated Li Xin's troops near his father's city. They broke into two military camps and killed seven captains. The Qin army was defeated and fled.
Li Xin¡¯s defeat was mainly because Wang Ben¡¯s military operations against Chu were too easy before he destroyed Wei, causing him to misjudge and believe that the anti-Qin forces in the Yingchen area and nearby counties had been eliminated. It was not taken into account that the Chu people in the Yingchen area still had considerable resistance. Although the Chu army led by King Shouchun Chu was weak and easy to capture, Lord Changping, who had been with Qin for a long time, rebelled against Qin at a critical moment and gave Li Xinjun A fatal blow. In the end it was a complete failure.
The Chu State regained the lost territory centered on Yingchen, the former capital of Chu State, and took advantage of the situation to advance westward and penetrate deep into the territory of the original Korea. Coupled with the news of Li Xin's tragic defeat, Ying Zheng was horrified and felt a great loss of face because Li Xin was employed. He made the decision whether to denounce Lord Changping or leave the capital.
He had to go to Pinyang in person to visit Wang Jian, who was demoted from Beijing and returned to his hometown for retirement. Wang Jian was forcibly recruited to attack Chu. Wang Jian originally refused to attack Chu because he was old and sick, but when he saw Ying Zheng's hesitant expression and worried that he would repeat the same mistakes as Wu Anjun Bai Qi, he had no choice but to agree to Ying Zheng's request. He also said that an attack on Chu would require 600,000 troops, and he requested full command of the 600,000 troops. Ying Zheng agreed one by one and went to Bashang in person to see off Wang Jian's army.
In order to eliminate Ying Zheng¡¯s suspicion. Wang Jian said that he had been fighting for many years but still could not get a title, so he hoped that Yingzheng would grant him a large number of fertile fields, beautiful houses, gardens and ponds, etc. In order to earn a share of the family business for his children and grandchildren, during the military expedition, he took the trouble to send envoys back to the court five times in a row to request for fertile land.
In 224 BC (the 23rd year of the Qin Dynasty), Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 people along the march route that Li Xin had used to attack Chu, and attacked Yingchen. After a hard battle, he could not capture it. Like Changpingjun, Changwenjun, who was also a prince of Chu and served in Qin, died in the battle. In the same year, another Qin army went south to Pingyu, captured Shouchun, and captured the King of Chu.
In the twenty-fourth year of the Qin Dynasty, Wang Jian's army defeated Yingchen. Yingzheng personally went to patrol Yingchen to suppress the anti-Qin forces. However, after receiving the news that King Chu was captured while carrying the cud, Changping Jun withdrew from Yingchen and was captured by Chu. General Xiang Yan was elected King of Chu and continued his anti-Qin cause in the Huainan region.
Wang Jian and Meng Wu led the Qin army to eliminate the remnants of the Chu army. Lord Changping died in battle, and Xiang Yan was defeated and committed suicide in Qixian County, Huaibei (now Qixian Town, Suzhou City, Anhui Province).
In 222 BC (the twenty-fifth year of King Qin¡¯s reign), Wang Jian¡¯s army pacified the area south of the Yangtze River, surrendered the leaders of the Yue people, and established Kuaiji County. The Chu State was completely destroyed. In May of that year, in order to celebrate the destruction of Chu, the State of Qin ordered the whole country to gather for a drink.
Prince Dan of Yan is the son of King Xi of Yan. He used to be a hostage in the State of Zhao. Since Ying Zheng lived in the State of Zhao when he was young, he and Prince Dan are quite close. Later, Ying Zheng was established as the king of Qin, and Prince Dan went to Qin as a hostage. However, Ying Zheng treated Prince Dan harshly, and Prince Dan became resentful and eventually fled back to Yan.
After Prince Dan fled back to the State of Yan, he planned to retaliate against Ying Zheng for being rude to him, but the State of Yan was weak and unable to do so. His Grand Tutor Ju Wu pointed out that the Qin State had a vast territory, many warriors who dared to fight, and it had strong mountains and rivers. He advised Prince Dan not to do it because of theThe resentment of being bullied by Ying Zheng triggered Ying Zheng's rebellion.
"A stone carving of Jing Ke assassinating King Qin in Wu's Temple in Shandong Province, China. On the left is Qin Wangzheng, on the right is Jing Ke. In the center is Qin Wuyang lying on the ground, and below is Fan Yuqi's head."
At this time, Qin general Fan Yuqi (i.e. Huanjue) offended Ying Zheng and fled to Yan State, where he was taken in by Prince Dan. However, Ju Wu was very opposed to Prince Dan taking Fan Yuqi in. He said that Ying Zheng would definitely use this matter to make a big fuss and vent his anger on the Yan State. In order to avoid giving Ying Zheng an excuse to attack Yan, Fan Yuqi should be allowed to live in exile with the Huns. He advocated the Six Only by uniting the states and making peace with the Xiongnu in the north can we possibly deal with Qin.
However, Prince Dan believed that this strategy would take too long, and Fan Yuqi was already desperate. Letting him defect to the Xiongnu would mean letting him die. He could not abandon Fan Yuqi's defection because he was afraid of Qin, so he did not accept it. Ju Wu¡¯s suggestion.
Ju Wu believed that Prince Dan was too short-sighted and ignored the national calamity in order to make friends with Fan Yuqi. Frustrated, he recommended Tian Guang to Prince Dan. Tian Guang also accepted Ju Wu's lobbying, met Prince Dan in person, and then recommended to Prince Dan Dan recommended Jing Ke, a native of Wei, and eventually Tian Guang committed suicide to encourage Jing Ke to work for Prince Dan.
Prince Dan, who knew that Tian Guang had committed suicide, was very sad. At that time, the Qin army had wiped out the Zhao State and stationed troops in Zhongshan. The troops were directed at the Yan State. The monarchs and ministers of the Yan State were afraid of a disaster, so they formed an alliance with Zhao Gongzi Jia who fled to Dai. Jointly defend Qin.
Prince Dan believed that the alliance between the four kingdoms of Wei, Chu, Qi and Yan was meaningless, so he planned to send warriors to the Qin State to force Ying Zheng to return the land that he had invaded, just like Cao Mo did when he kidnapped Duke Huan of Qi. If he did not agree, he would kill Ying Zheng and make Qin The country fell into chaos. Jing Ke was the best person to carry out this task, so Prince Dan respected Jing Ke as his minister.
Jing Ke helped Prince Dan complete the plan to assassinate Ying Zheng. When he learned that Ying Zheng offered a reward of thousands of gold and ten thousand households to buy Fan Yuqi's head, he persuaded Fan Yuqi to commit suicide.
In 227 BC (the 20th year of the Qin Dynasty), the State of Yan sent Jing Ke as the chief envoy and Qin Wuyang as the deputy envoy. They took Fan Yuqi's head and the map of Dukang of the State of Yan to the State of Qin to present it to Ying Zheng.
Jing Ke brought gifts worth thousands of gold to Meng Jia, the concubine among Ying Zheng's favored ministers. Meng Jia said all his good words in front of Ying Zheng, which made Ying Zheng very happy. He arranged a nine-guest ceremony, which was extremely grand in diplomacy, and personally received Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang in Xianyang Palace.
Jing Ke held Fan Yuqi's head, Qin Wuyang held the map box, and advanced in the order of chief and deputy envoys. When Qin Wuyang walked down the steps in front of the palace, his expression suddenly changed and he was trembling with fear. The ministers were all surprised.
Jing Ke explained that Qin Wuyang was a barbarian who was afraid because he had never seen the majesty of the emperor. Ying Zheng ordered Jing Ke to hand over Qin Wuyang's map. Jing Ke unfolded the end of the map and revealed a poison-quenched dagger.
Jing Ke grabbed Ying Zheng¡¯s sleeve with his left hand and stabbed Ying Zheng with a dagger in his right hand. Ying Zheng was shocked, stood up, broke his sleeve and tried to pull out the sword, but couldn't pull it out because the sword was too long. Jing Ke chased Ying Zheng, and Ying Zheng ran around the pillar.