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Volume 3: With a blow of destiny, the king appears. Chapter 14: Multi-phase metamorphosis, unleashed all over the world

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    In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud developed the original psychological topology, demonstrated the existence of the subconscious, and described how to participate in the subconscious mind.  (Literary Museum)

    The preconscious is regarded as the layer of thoughts that exists between the conscious and subconscious minds. It is not difficult to explore.  Freud believed that the completeness of enlightenment concepts, positivism, and rationalism can be obtained by understanding, transforming, and controlling the subconscious mind, rather than denying or suppressing it.

    Freud believed that the development of individual libido, as shown in the concept of "sublimation", is the continuous transformation of objects.  Human beings are born with polyphasic abnormalities, and any object may become a source of pleasure.

    With different stages of development, people will fixate on specific objects of desire - initially the oral stage (such as the pleasure produced by a baby from breastfeeding), then the anal stage (such as the pleasure produced by a child controlling the intestines), and then the genital stage  Expect.  The child then goes through a period in which sexual desire is fixed on the mother, the so-called Oedipus complex, but because this desire has a taboo nature and must be repressed - the less well-known Electra complex is a sexual fixation on the father.

    Freud hoped that this model could be applied universally, so he turned to classical mythology and contemporary ethnography as comparative material.  Freud's word Oedipus complex was originally called "Oedipus complex", which was taken from the famous work "Oedipus King" by the famous Greek tragedy writer Sophocles.

    Freud said: I discovered in myself the love for my mother and the jealousy of my father.  Now I think this is a common phenomenon among children.

    Freud attempted to implement this development model at the psychological dynamic level.  Each stage is a progression toward adult sexual maturity, which produces a solid self and develops the ability to delay the gratification of desires.

    Freud viewed the Oedipal conflict as a form of psychosexual development and enlightenment, thereby pointing out what he believed to be human nature's desire for sex and the need to suppress this desire.

    He turned to cultural anthropology¡¯s research on totem worship and advocated that this worship should be performed in a ritualistic way.  It reflects the tribal type of Oedipal conflict.

    Any discussion of Freud¡¯s thought, which is both far-reaching and controversial, cannot be considered complete on the issues of women¡¯s roles and psychology.

    Although Freud was an early advocate of women's freedom and education, some feminists argued that Freud's views on women's sexual development set back the progress of women in Western culture for decades, towards the consciousness of male superiority and female inferiority.  The shapes are close together.

    Freud believed that women are imperfect men and must learn to accept their own mutilation (lack of sex).  Remember the physical commandments of imagination.

    Based on this, he proposed terms such as sexual envy and castration fear to describe the psychology of women who want to display their talents outside the family. This not only enriched the rhetoric of misogyny, but also created a phenomenon before the 1970s.  The harm to women¡¯s right to education increases the obstacles for women to enter the social field that has been traditionally dominated by men.

    Although Freud's arguments have been questioned by those who care about women's equality, feminist theorists such as Juliet Mitchell, Nancy Chadro, Jessica Benjamin, Jane Gallup, and Jane Fleiss believe that psychoanalysis  The theory is not separate from what feminism seeks. We can face other theoretical traditions and adopt them for our own use, removing the sexist elements.

    Another feminist, Shulamith Fairstone.  Also agrees that Freud's theory is still useful to the feminist movement.  In her article "Freudianism: Misleading Feminism", she believes that Freud's argument is basically correct, except for one important detail that needs to be corrected: that is, where Freud wrote **,  Can be replaced by the word power.

    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Freud had earlier believed that hysteria stemmed from sexual transgressions in childhood, but later abandoned this theory, which he called the seduction theory, stating that it had been found in many cases.  Memories of childhood sexual transgressions are not based on fact.  Most come from imagination.  Instead, attention was paid to the Oedipus theory, which believed that people subconsciously want to have sexual relations with their parents.

    The "id" of the subconscious represents the original program of thought - our most primitive, need-satisfying thought; this word was coined by Freud based on the work of George Goldiker.

    The "superego", which also belongs to the subconscious mind, represents the conscience generated by society and counteracts the ego with moral and ethical thoughts.

    Most of the "self" that belongs to the conscious level exists between primitive needs and moral and ethical beliefs as a balance.  A healthy ego has the ability to adapt to reality and interact with the external world in a way that encompasses the id and superego.

    The idea that the mind is not a single and homogeneous thing still has a profound influence on people outside the field of psychology.  Freud was extremely concerned with the dynamic relationship between these three parts of the mind, especially the ways in which conflicts arise between them.

    These three systems are intricate and interact to produce various behaviors and thoughts.  The id requires the self to satisfy its desires, the superego requires the self to suppress desires, and the self reconciles the two parties.??, take appropriate measures according to the actual environment.

    Freud believed that the ego uses psychological defense mechanisms to resolve conflicts between the superego and the id.  Using this mechanism requires "eros" - this is the name of the Greek god of love; in Roman mythology, his name is Cupid.

    If used appropriately, the defense mechanism can alleviate the conflict between the superego and the id. However, if used excessively or inappropriately without facing the conflict squarely, it will cause anxiety or guilt, which will eventually lead to depression and depression.  Mental imbalance.

    Freud¡¯s daughter, Anna Freud, was an outstanding researcher in the field of defense mechanisms, but she attributed the honor of pioneering defense mechanisms to her father.

    There are several types of defense mechanisms: denial, response structure, transfer, repression and suppression, projection, intellectualization, rationalization, compensation, sublimation, and regression of emotion.

    Denial is the avoidance of awareness of unpleasant facts or realities that threaten the self.  For example, students receive poor performance report cards and tell themselves that their grades are not important - some early researchers argued that Freud's denial was related to Nietzsche's resentment and revaluation of slave or herd morality.  Concepts such as valorization are extremely similar.

    The reaction structure is to consciously take a certain direction that is completely opposite to the subconscious desire.  For example, someone strongly hates a certain race and claims that the reason is that the race is inferior and inferior. However, subconsciously, this is because the person feels that he or she is inferior and inferior.

    ?Transfer is the emotional shift from dangerous objects to safe objects.  Such as hitting a pillow to avoid attacking someone.

    Repression is the subconscious process of expelling extremely painful experiences (such as war trauma) from the level of consciousness; suppression is the conscious process of doing the same thing.

    Projection is the projection of some unpleasant thoughts, motives, desires, or emotions that are basically part of oneself onto other people or other things.  For example, a stingy person may say that others are presumptuous, while a person who is unwilling to admit that he is thinking about sex may be more likely to get angry at others for thinking about sex all the time.

    Rationalization involves emotionally detaching oneself from stressful events.  Rationalization usually involves self-detachment not through acceptance of reality, but through rational explanations.

    Rationalization is making a decision by constructing logical legitimacy, and the original reason for this decision comes from another mental state that is completely different from rationalization.  For example, person A buys an mp3 player to listen to self-growth courses, but he is afraid that others will not agree with his real reason, so he tells his friends that he bought the player to listen to classic rock.

    Compensation is the inability to achieve a certain behavior and the substitution of another behavior.  For example, the first child is good at reading, and the second child may often amuse his parents to gain attention.

    Sublimation is the channeling of impulses into socially recognized behaviors.  For example, the creative activities of Emily Dickinson, a female poet who described life with dark and gloomy poems, are an example.

    Regressive emotions refer to behaviors that go back to pleasure and satisfaction in younger childhood (earlier stages of development), thereby balancing psychological conflicts.  Common examples include nail biting, thumb sucking, overeating, irritability, and childlike voices.
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